66,852 research outputs found
Hymenotorrendiella P. R. Johnst., Baral & R. Galan 2014, gen. nov.
No full textHymenotorrendiella P.R. Johnst., Baral & R. Galán, gen. nov. Registration identifier: IF550522 Differs from Torrendiella by the Hymenoscyphus - or Calycina - type ascus apex structure and the contents of the living paraphyses comprising numerous globose vacuolar bodies. Type:— Hymenotorrendiella eucalypti (Berk.) P.R. Johnst., Baral & R. Galán Etymology:—refers to the phylogenetic position of this Torrendiella -like genus in a clade containing the type species of Hymenoscyphus. Apothecia 0.2–5 mm diam., with short to long stalk, disc whitish to cream or grey, exterior concolorous or light to black-brown, receptacle and often also stalk with dark brown setae. Asci 8-spored, apex distinctly conical, apical ring staining blue in IKI (without KOH, type bb), either of the Hymenoscyphus - type: forming a thin-walled tube restricted to the lower part of the apical thickening or extending to the apex, or sometimes of the Calycina - type: tube apically thicker-walled and here laterally extending, ring basally not distinctly projecting, not forming an apical chamber; base arising from croziers or simple septa (without basal protuberance). Ascospores non-septate when mature, hyaline, straight or slightly, rarely medium curved, narrowly to broadly ellipsoid, fusoid, fusiform, or lemon-shaped (homopolar), containing in the living state some large and a few or many small oil drops (high lipid content), with a thin sheath around the entire spore that separates after discharge, sometimes with polar mucilaginous caps, overmature non-septate, spores sometimes budding ellipsoid microconidia (H. madsenii). Paraphyses cylindrical, straight, not or only slightly enlarged at the apex, containing many globose, small or large, strongly refractive, hyaline vacuolar bodies (living state), mainly in the terminal cell. Ectal excipulum comprising three layers: outer layer (ec1) one-layered, of meandering hyphae, encrusted with olivaceous to red-brown wall pigment, or hyaline and smooth; central layer (ec2) of prismatic or long-cylindrical cells, very slightly to strongly gelatinized, hyaline, rarely pale brown and encrusted; inner layer (ec3) of long-cylindrical hyphae, pale to bright brown, not or ± distinctly encrusted. Setae with dark brown, 1–3.5 µm thick wall, rooting or superficial, base unbranched or T- to L-shaped. Habitat:—developing on fallen leaves or dead wood, or bark of angiosperms. FIGURE. Torrendiella ciliata. a–c. Fresh apothecia. d. Ascospores. e, k, p. Mature asci. f–j. Ascus apices in IKI (h, after ejection). l–n. Paraphyses containing vacuolar bodies. s, o, q. Marginal setae. e, r. Simple-septate ascus bases with a basal protuberance. All elements in living state except for f–j (in IKI, unpretreated).— a, i–l. France, Charente-Maritime, Ile de Ré, les Maraises, Quercus ilex leaf (M.H. 71108, phot. M. Hairaud). b. Spain, Asturias, Somiedo, Quercus ilex leaf (E.R.D. 4435, phot. E. Rubio). c. Andalucía, Huelva, Galaroza,? Quercus suber twig (D.M.A. 20100116, phot. D. Merino). d–h, n–p, r. Valencia, El Saler, Quercus coccifera leaves (R.T. 10010501). m, q. ibid. (R.T. 11111202). Further included species: — H. andina, H. brevisetosa, H. cannibalensis, H. clelandii, H. dingleyae, H. grisea, H. guangxiensis, H. madsenii. FIGURE. Torrendiella ciliata. a. Fresh apothecium. b–c. Median section of receptacle at lower flanks. d. Median section of receptacle at margin. e. Surface view on ectal excipulum at margin, brown undulating cortical hyphae surrounding base of seta. f–i. Marginal setae. All elements in living state. ec1 = cortical layer of ectal excipulum, ec2 = gelatinized outer layer of main part of ectal excipulum, ec3 = non-gelatinized inner layer of ectal excipulum, em = non-gelatinized medullary excipulum.— a–d, f. France, Charente, Bourg-Charente, Quercus ilex leaf (M.H. 70712, a: phot. M. Hairaud). e, g–i. Spain, Valencia, El Saler, Quercus coccifera leaves (R.T. 11111202).Published as part of Johnston, Peter R., Park, Duckchul, Baral, Hans-Otto, Galán, Ricardo, Platas, Gonzalo & Tena, Raúl, 2014, The phylogenetic relationships of Torrendiella and Hymenotorrendiella gen. nov. within the Leotiomycetes, pp. 1-25 in Phytotaxa 177 (1) on pages 9-11, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.177.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/514452
Hymenotorrendiella eucalypti P. R. Johnst., Baral & R. Galan 2014, comb. nov.
No full textHymenotorrendiella eucalypti (Berk.) P.R. Johnst., Baral & R. Galán, comb. nov. (Figure 7–10) Registration identifier: IF550523 Synonyms: Peziza eucalypti Berk. in Hooker, Flora Tasmaniae 2: 274, 1860; Dasyscyphus eucalypti (Berk.) Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 8: 462, 1889; Zoellneria eucalypti (Berk.) Dennis, Kew Bulletin 13: 324, 1958; Torrendiella eucalypti (Berk.) Spooner, Bibliotheca Mycologica 116: 322, 1987. FIGURE. Hymenotorrendiella eucalypti. a. Ascospores. b. Ascus apices in IKI. c. Simple-septate ascus bases without a basal protuberance. d. Paraphyses. All elements in living state except for b.— Spain, Asturias, Grado, Las Ablanosas, on phyllodes of Acacia melanoxylon (H.B. 9664). FIGURE. Hymenotorrendiella eucalypti. a–d. Fresh apothecia. e. Phyllodes with apothecia. f–g. Ascus apices (g, right, after ejection). h–i, k. Ascospores. j. Detached sheaths of ascospores. l–n, r. Mature asci. o–p, s–w. Paraphyses containing refractive vacuolar bodies. q. Simple-septate ascus bases without a basal protuberance.All elements in living state (n, p, v in CRB) except for f–g, k (in IKI, unpretreated except for two left in g, KOH-pretreated).—a–w. Spain: a–b, f, w. Asturias, Pravia, Los Cabos (E.R.D. 3285, phot. E. Rubio). c–e, g-h, k, s–v. Asturias, Grado, Las Ablanosas (H.B. 9664). g, i–j, l–r. País Vasco, Vizcaya, Rebortun (J.F. 2012021201). FIGURE. Hymenotorrendiella eucalypti. a–b. Apothecium in median section. c, f. Apothecium in bottom view, with projecting setae. d, h. Margin and flanks in median section showing ectal excipulum of textura prismatica (ec2) covered by a thin cortical layer (ec1), an inner layer of t. porrecta (ec3), and medullary excipulum (me). e. Upper part of setae. g, i–k. External view on ectal excipulum showing base of setae and in i–k, hyaline to pale brown, undulating cortical hyphae with included refractive vacuolar bodies. All elements in living state.— a–e, h–k. Asturias, Grado, Las Ablanosas (H.B. 9664). f–g. País Vasco, Vizcaya, Rebortun (J.F. 2012021201). FIGURE 0. Hymenotorrendiella eucalypti. a. Dry apothecia on leaf surface. b. Median section of receptacle. c. Detail of ectal excipulum near margin. d. Detail of ectal excipulum on stipe. e. Base of setae. f. Surface view on receptacle near margin, showing brownish rough cortical hyphae (squash mount). g. Detail of f. All elements in dead state (in 3% KOH).— a–d. Australia, Wilsons Promontory National Park (PDD 70279). e–g. Australia, Errinundra National Park (PDD 77802). Apothecia developing on fallen phyllodes, scattered to gregarious, erumpent through small cracks in darkened epidermis, mature apothecia 0.4–1.7 (–2.5) mm diam. when fresh, disc whitish-cream to pale yellow, flat, receptacle greyish-ochraceous to olivaceous with scattered, blackish-brown, straight setae, stipe 0.2–1 × 0.2–0.4 mm, translucent whitish-grey or brownish-olivaceous, sometimes darker towards base, setae sparse to absent. Asci *100–130 (–140) × (9–) 9.7–10.8 µm, †90–100 (–106) × (7–) 7.5–8.5 (–9.5) µm, 8-spored, pars sporifera *40–50 µm long, †72–80 µm, spores obliquely biseriate, living mature asci protruding 0–7 µm beyond paraphyses; ascus apex conical, wall at apex †1.3–2.7 µm thick, apical ring staining strongly blue (bb) in IKI, forming a thin-walled tube in lower 1/3–3/4 of wall, without apical chamber (Hymenoscyphus - type); base of ascus with short, thick stalk arising from simple septa without basal protuberances {2}. Ascospores *16–19 (–21) × 4–4.7 µm, †13.5–17.5 (–18.5) × 3–3.8 µm, fusiform with ± cylindrical middle part, homopolar, both ends subacute to acute, slightly inequilateral, straight to slightly (rarely medium) curved, containing 2–4 large lipid bodies (1–) 1.7–3.3 µm diam. in each half and many smaller ones, containing one central nucleus, with delicate sheath that slips off the spore; postmature spores sometimes 1-septate, not becoming pigmented. Paraphyses apically undifferentiated or slightly capitate-spathulate, terminal cell *(26–) 46–57 × (3–) 3.5–4.5 (–6) µm, containing strongly refractive hyaline vacuolar bodies (very pale yellowish with age), (1–) 2–4 µm wide globose to shortly-elongate, these staining bright turquoise-blue in aqueous Cresyl blue and deep red-brown in IKI, lower cells *13–27 µm long, often branched at lower septa. Ectal excipulum indistinctly 3-layered: outer layer (ec1) thin, of *2.7–6 µm wide hyphae that contain strongly refractive, globose vacuolar bodies and form an undulating network in surface view, encrusted by a rough, yellowish to olive-brown exudate 0.2–0.5 µm thick; central layer (ec2) at flanks of non- or slightly gelatinized, hyaline to very pale yellowish textura prismatica oriented at a 0–30° angle to the surface, 40–45 µm thick, cells *20–40 × 9–15 µm, more short-celled to isodiametric at upper flanks (*13–20 × 10–16 µm), layer at margin very thin and of t. porrecta; inner layer (ec3) of hyaline to pale brown t. porrecta, not encrusted; in stipe of similar texture, near base covered by larger amounts of red-brown exudate; complete tissue not staining in IKI, without crystals. Medullary excipulum of a rather dense, hyaline textura prismatica to textura porrecta, upwards oriented in centre, obliquely horizontal at the flanks, individual cells *35-75 × 6-13 µm, much shorter below the hymenium. Setae arising from the central layer of the ectal excipulum, rooting at a length of up to 30–40 µm, 220–307 × 7–8.5 µm, 7.5–10 µm wide at the swollen base, 7–10-septate, septa 0.4–1.5 µm thick, wall in middle and lower part 1–1.5 (–2) µm thick, smooth, blackish olive-brown, towards the tapered apex pale to medium olive-brown, terminal cell 4–6 (–7) µm wide, wall 0.5–0.8 µm thick. Habitat: — on dead, fallen phyllodes of Acacia sp. {1}, A. ? frigescens {1}, A. melanoxylon {7}, lying in moist litter. Subtropical to Mediterranean, indigenous in Australia, but introduced with its host to Europe, South America, and New Zealand. Phenology:—Northern Hemisphere November–February, Southern Hemisphere May. Specimens examined:— AUSTRALIA. Tasmania: unlocalized, on phyllode of Acacia sp., undated, W. Archer (K— Holotype). Victoria: Errinundra National Park, Result Creek Falls Tr., on Acacia ? frigescens fallen phyllodes, 24 May 1996, P.R. Johnston AU96-125 (PDD 77802, ICMP 15651). Wilsons Promontory National Park, Lilly Pilly Tr., on A. melanoxylon fallen phyllodes, 19 May 1996, P.R. Johnston AU96-37 & T.W. May (PDD 70279). CHILE. Fundo Las Palmas of the Universidad Austral de Chile, 18 km N of Valdivia, on A. melanoxylon fallen phyllodes, 10 May 1994, M. Heykoop (AH 6895). NEW ZEALAND. Wellington, Rimutaka Forest Park, Catchpool, near park entrance, on A. melanoxylon fallen phyllodes, 7 May 1997, P.R. Johnston D1283 (PDD 70105). SPAIN. Asturias: 5.5 km NE of Grado, 1.6 km SE of Villar, S of Las Ablanosas, 325 m, on A. melanoxylon fallen phyllodes, 3 February 2012, J. Linde & E. Rubio (H.B. 9664). Avilés, naval harbour area, 10 m, on A. melanoxylon fallen phyllodes, 18 February 2006, A. Suárez (AH 7636). País Vasco: Vizcaya, 17 km WNW of Bilbao, 2.2 km S of Muskiz, Rebortun, 92 m, A. melanoxylon fallen phyllodes, 12 February 2012, J. Fernández Vicente (J. F. 2012021201, photograph only examined). Galicia: A Coruña, Fragas do Eume Natural Park, surroundings of the Caaveiro Monastery, 62 m, A. melanoxylon fallen phyllodes, 1 November 2000, M. Castro (AH 7649). Based on both morphological and genetic results, the following additional new combinations are proposed. Six out of the nine Hymenotorrendiella species are included in the phylogenetic analysis presented here, but all of the Nothofagus -inhabiting species described in Torrendiella by Johnston and Gamundí (2000), along with the undescribed species discussed by Johnston (2006, 2010), are genetically typical of Hymenotorrendiella (P.R.J., unpubl. data). Since sequences are not available for Torrendiella grisea or T. guangxiensis, their recombinations are based on morphological evidence alone:Published as part of Johnston, Peter R., Park, Duckchul, Baral, Hans-Otto, Galán, Ricardo, Platas, Gonzalo & Tena, Raúl, 2014, The phylogenetic relationships of Torrendiella and Hymenotorrendiella gen. nov. within the Leotiomycetes, pp. 1-25 in Phytotaxa 177 (1) on pages 11-16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.177.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/514452
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Abduction And Preferences in Linguistics. Extended Abstract
No full textKonczak K, Vogel R. Abduction And Preferences in Linguistics. Extended Abstract. In: Baral C, Greco G, Terracina G, eds. Logic programming and nonmonotonic reasoning. Lecture notes in computer science. Vol 3662. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005: 384-388
The Effects of Expert and Referent Power on Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Hiding
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this research study is to determine the ways in which employees’ personal power-expert and referent power influences their knowledge sharing and hiding behaviour. There are hardly any studies that have investigated the effects of employee power and expectations regarding the consequences of divulging knowledge. In this study, the authors investigate whether expected gains and losses in employee personal power influence employees’ willingness to participate in knowledge transfer.
Design/methodology/approach – The authors adopted a two-wave survey design and collected critical data from 288 employees of knowledge-intensive industries identified through online technogroups, such as Stack Exchange. In the first wave, out of the total, 192 knowledge workers attended the follow-up survey. The authors apply polynomial regression followed by surface response analysis to establish the effects of any discrepancy between the current levels of employees’ personal power and their expected levels if they divulge their unique critical knowledge.
Findings – The authors find out that employees having relatively strong personal power are more likely to share knowledge, and the expected losses in power are categorically associated with a reduced intention to share knowledge. The authors also observed an increased knowledge hiding with expected losses in power. Surprisingly, the authors find that these established negative outcomes are also specifically associated with the expected gains in personal power.
Research limitations/implications – The most significant contribution of this study is to establish that power plays an important but complex role in determining the employees’ participation in knowledge transfer activities. The authors specifically conclude that the optimal scenario for knowledge sharing is one in which the employees’ contributions are fairly valued and their reputation is not expected to change because of knowledge sharing.
Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first comprehensive studies that link power to both sharing and hiding of knowledge. This study is also unique in terms of its investigation of the effects of any discrepancy between current levels of employees’ personal power and their expected levels if they share or hide their unique critical knowledge. Thus, this research study is a unique contribution in terms of what and why of an untouched area in the entire knowledge management literature with a special focus on knowledge sharing and hiding
Measurement of the ratio of prompt χ c to J / ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
No full textThe prompt production of charmonium χ c and J / ψ states is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J / ψ mesons are identified through their decays χ c → J / ψ γ and J / ψ → μ + μ - using 36 pb - 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J / ψ, σ (χ c → J / ψ γ) / σ (J / ψ), is determined as a function of the J / ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p T J / ψ < 15 GeV / c. The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a significant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p T J / ψ region
Molecular structure of highly excited resonant states in Mg-24 and the corresponding Be-8+O-16 and C-12+C-12 decays
No full textExotic Be-8 and C-12 decays from high-lying resonances in Mg-24 are analyzed in terms of a cluster model. The calculated quantities agree well with the corresponding experimental data. It is found that the calculated decay widths are very sensitive to the angular momentum carried by the outgoing cluster. It is shown that this property makes cluster decay a powerful tool to determine the spin as well as the molecular structures of the resonances.Physics, NuclearSCI(E)7ARTICLE5null8
Letter from J. R. Eakin to Arthur G. Ringland
No full textLetter (copy) from J. R. Eakin to Arthur C. Ringland about the alignment of 40 acres near the Buggeln ranch
Letter from Joseph R. Goodman to Claude C. Cornwall, Central Utah Relocation Center, January 13, 1943
No full textLetter from Joseph R. Goodman to Claude C. Cornwall, containing a reference letter regarding William Shiro Hoshiyama. Goodman writes that Hoshiyama and his brother John operated a grocery store before forced removal.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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