7,655 research outputs found
The maternal immune system during pregnancy and its influence on fetal development
No full textThe maternal immune system plays a critical role in the establishment, maintenance, and completion of a healthy pregnancy. However, the specific mechanisms utilized to achieve these goals are not well understood. Various cells and molecules of the immune system are key players in the development and function of the placenta and the fetus. Effector cells of the immune system act to promote and yet limit placental development. The T helper 1 (Th1)/T helper 2 (Th2) immune shift during pregnancy is well established. A fine balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory influences is required. We herein review the evidence regarding maternal tolerance of fetal tissues and the underlying cell-mediated immune and humoral (hormones and cytokines) mechanisms. We also note the many unanswered questions in our understanding of these mechanisms. In addition, we summarize the clinical manifestations of an altered maternal immune system during pregnancy related to susceptibility to common viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, as well as to autoimmune diseases.Peer reviewe
Life in Data”—Outcome of a Multi-Disciplinary, Interactive Biobanking Conference Session on Sample Data
No full text©Sara Y. Nussbeck et al. 2016; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. The article attached is the publisher's pdf.NHM Repositor
Las ‘luces’ de Sara Th***: María Antonia de Río Arnedo y su traducción dieciochesca del Marqués de Saint-Lambert
No full textIn 1795, María Antonia de Río y Arnedo translated Saint-Lambert’s novel Sara Th*** (1765). This is the first translation into Spanish of a work written by this French philosopher, poet and encyclopaedist, self-confessed materialist and suspected atheist, and also the first literary endeavour by the Spanish writer. In her translation, Maria Antonia de Río naturalizes the secular and ‘philosophical’ substance of the French novel, offering her readers a more ‘Spanish’ and –apparently– ‘feminine’ version, where a natural moral, based on the human need for happiness and the controlled fulfilment of instincts, is claimed by his author. Obviously, a novel like this one was possible in the pre-Revolutionary French context, but deemed unacceptable in Spain at the turn of the 18th century, especially if the translator was a woman.En 1795, María Antonia de Río y Arnedo vierte al español la novela ‘inglesa’ Sara Th*** (1765) del Marqués de Saint-Lambert, que se convierte en la primera traducción a nuestro idioma de una obra de este filósofo, poeta y enciclopedista francés, materialista y sospechoso de ateísmo, y que es también el primer ejercicio literario de la escritora española. Ante el espíritu laico y peligrosamente «filosófico» del texto original, María Antonia de Río se emplea a fondo para nacionalizarlo, ofreciendo una versión más «española» y aparentemente «femenina» de una obra como ésta, defensora de una moral natural apoyada en la exigencia de felicidad y en la satisfacción controlada de los instintos, viable en el contexto axiológico de la Francia prerrevolucionaria pero inadmisible en la España vigilante e inflexible del cambio de siglo, menos aún en la pluma de una mujer
Petrarca politico e Seneca tragico (ms. Escorialensis T III 11): natura e società tra centro e margine
No full textIl testo delle Tragoediae di Seneca, che Petrarca leggeva nel ms. Escorialensis T III 11 e in altri esemplari perduti, è il centro semantico attorno al quale il poeta sviluppa riflessioni su fatti della storia del Trecento consonanti con alcuni episodi dei drammi latini posti in evidenza tramite marginalia. Di questo rapporto dialettico tra testo senecano, annotazioni marginali e opere di Petrarca si rende conto affrontando i seguenti temi. 1. Sovrani esecrabili: Atreo, Eteocle e Polinice dalle Tragoediae al XIV sec.; la superbia dei regnanti. 2. Società e corruzione: Avignone, Roma e i conflitti europei tra Seneca e Petrarca. 3. Natura ribelle: l’ekpyrosis di Seneca e l’apocalisse del Trecento. 4. Fuga nella natura, vita al margine: Hippolytus, Silvius, Silvanus
Un demioergos a Pithecusa? Usi e non usi di Omero nell’interpretazione della t. 678
No full textEccezionale resta nel contesto pithecusano della necropoli di San Montano il ritrovamento della ‘tomba del Carpentiere’ (t. 678), avvenuto durante la prima campagna di scavi (1952-1961) condotta a Ischia da Giorgio Buchner. La tomba (TGII), infatti, restituendo insieme al corpo di un giovane inumato di circa 21 anni un completo set in ferro da carpenteria, costituisce un unicum nell’archeologia funeraria dell’Italia ‘greca’ di VIII-VII secolo a.C. Il contributo si propone di passare in rassegna le diverse interpretazioni avanzate dagli studiosi circa l’identità, lo statuto e la funzione sociale del sepolto, dalla scoperta buchneriana ad oggi, e di mettere in evidenza come, a fronte dell’assenza di un modello ‘archeologico’ greco di riferimento, l’epica omerica sia stata a vario titolo chiamata in causa per la decodificazione dell’‘anomalia’ pithecusana
Measurement of the ratio of prompt χ c to J / ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
No full textThe prompt production of charmonium χ c and J / ψ states is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J / ψ mesons are identified through their decays χ c → J / ψ γ and J / ψ → μ + μ - using 36 pb - 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J / ψ, σ (χ c → J / ψ γ) / σ (J / ψ), is determined as a function of the J / ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p T J / ψ < 15 GeV / c. The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a significant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p T J / ψ region
L. T. Meade\u27s Avaricious Anomaly: Â Madame Sara, British Imperialism, and Greedy Wolves in The Sorceress of the Strand
No full textL. T. Meade\u27s Avaricious Anomaly: Madame Sara, British Imperialism, and Greedy Wolves in The Sorceress of the Strand. Laurie Langlois Denning, Department of English, BYU Master of Arts. Critics interested in the prolific late Victorian author L.T. Meade have primarily focused on her work as an author of girls\u27 stories and novels for young people, which enjoyed fantastic commercial success in her lifetime but fell into obscurity after her death. Recent scholarship on her detective fiction shows Meade\u27s significant contributions to the genre as well as her engagement with social and political discourse. Scholars have noted ways that Meade\u27s popular series, The Sorceress of the Strand, contributes to the New Woman debate and expresses anxiety over the British imperial project. This project examines Meade\u27s villain in the series as a social anomaly that functions to interrogate the greed at the heart of imperialism. Examining the series\u27 conclusion and the unusual nature of its ending sheds new light on Meade\u27s contribution to debate over empire at the fin de siécle. Meade\u27s fascinating villain, Madame Sara, is doggedly pursued by two detective figures--one is considered the top forensic specialist in the British police force and the other is the head of a business fraud agency--but the detectives are never able to bring Madam Sara to justice. Instead, it is a wolf that finally defeats the brilliant criminal mastermind. Why a wolf? Madam Sara\u27s unusual demise serves as a deus ex machina that invites the reader to consider the Dante symbolism embedded in the text. Other critics see Meade\u27s ending as reinforcing the empire; however, given the Dante imagery that has Madam Sara symbolizing a greedy imperial force, Meade\u27s series indicts imperial greed and warns British citizens about failure to apprehend the evil in empire
The Effect of English Camp Program in Public Speaking of STKIP Al Maksum Students
No full textThe objective of the research is to improve speaking skill of English House Course students through English camp strategy. This was an pre-experimental research using one group on pre-test and post-test design, the population of this research was the students of English House Course which has 80 students. Because the total number of the population was big enough, the researcher took 20 samples and applied random sampling technique; it means that one class of the population were taken as samples and the data was analyzed into percentage, mean score analyzes and the value of the t-test. The result of the data analyzes shows that the students’ achievement on the pre-test was 71,7 and post-test was 86,1. This shows that English camp is a good strategy in English learning process at the students of English House Course Langkat. After analyzing the data by using the t-test formula, the result of the t-test value (11,86) was greater than t-table value (2,093). This indicated that the hypothesis of research is accepted. There is a significant Influence of English camp program towards the students’ achievement in English learning process. The researcher does English camp in English House Course Langkat Kabupaten Enrekang for five days and it gives positive effect of students’ skill in speaking. All item of learning achievement able to improve the students’ speaking skill.
Keywords: Speaking Skill; English Camp
 
Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
No full textMultiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Does a diagnosis of atrophic vaginitis on Papanicolaou test signify the presence of inflammation?
No full textObjective: Vaginal atrophy of menopause shows increased parabasal cells on cytology. This may be accompanied by abundant neutrophils. A shift in the maturation index in the absence of significant inflammation is more accurately termed atrophic pattern. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the diagnoses “atrophic vaginitis” or “atrophic pattern” rendered on a pap were reliable indicators of what was present on the slide. Methods: A retrospective review of pap smear slides from University Hospital, Newark was performed. Cases that had been diagnosed with either “atrophic vaginitis” (n=100) or “atrophic pattern” (n=100) were selected. Exclusion criteria included any additional diagnosis of neoplasia. Slides were re-reviewed and scored based on abundance of neutrophils (0-5, 5-10, or >10 neutrophils/high power (40x) field, with 10 fields per slide reviewed. Data were analyzed by Chi squared analysis. Results: Among the 200 cases with “atrophic vaginitis” or "atrophic pattern", the proportion of those diagnosed with "atrophic vaginitis" versus "atrophic pattern" increased across three increasing neutrophil categories (p<0.0001). Conclusion: A diagnosis of “atrophic vaginitis” on a pap smear was reliably associated with increased numbers of neutrophils. A diagnosis of “atrophic pattern” was indicative of low numbers of neutrophils. As the pap diagnosis of atrophic vaginitis does not correlate with clinical symptomatology, a single diagnostic term that does not suggest a disease process would more reliably communicate the cytology findings to clinicians.Peer reviewe
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