BYU ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University)
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The composition of gases from a diffusion flame above longleaf pine needle fuel beds
No full textThe gas and tar composition of a wildland fire diffusion flame from longleaf pine needles is currently relatively unmeasured and more data are needed to fill in the gap between pyrolysis data and smoke plume data, thus improving physical and chemical modeling of wildland smoke formation. A pilot experiment to measure light gas and tar composition of such a flame is described for three flame zones: persistent flame (flame base), intermittent flame, and smoke plume. Flame gases from 24 experimental fires were collected in canisters and analyzed for CO2, CO, H2, CH4, and C2 to C7 hydrocarbon gases. Other light gases were measured using FTIR spectroscopy. Condensed gas (tar) samples were collected and analyzed using GC/MS. Results from compositional data analysis suggest significant differences in (relative) concentration of compounds detected in the three zones. Statistical tests for differences in flame zones were performed using canister data. Concentration of hydrocarbons relative to CO and CO2 decreased from the persistent flame zone through the intermittent flame zone into the flame-free plume. This was likely due to oxidation reactions in the flame as well as entrainment of air into the flame/ plume. Partial agreement between persistent flame zone composition and pyrolysis data for a global kinetic model provided support for future use of the kinetics model in physically-based fire models. The identification of gases and tars in different flame zones supported a conceptual model of a wildland flame
Here-, There-, and Every Where-: Exploring the Role of Pronominal Adverbs in Legal Language
No full textLegal language is distinctive and sometimes difficult to understand. One type of word that appears to be part of so-called ‘legalese’ is the pronominal adverb (PA). The purpose of this thesis is to examine the prevalence of PAs in legal registers compared to more general registers of contemporary American English to determine the extent to which these words are distinctly legal. The study will also explore why different types of PAs may be (in)frequent in specific legal registers to better understand their use. The frequency of PAs was extracted from corpora that are designed to represent six registers of English (3 legal—contracts, statutes, and court opinions; 3 non-legal—academic articles, news articles, and TV/movie transcripts). The rate of occurrence of PAs per text were then compared across registers using a non-parametric analysis of variance including the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Dunn post-hoc test. Results indicate that there is a significant difference between the frequency of PAs in non-legal and legal registers of English. The post-hoc tests also reveal that there is also a significant difference in the frequency of PAs in each legal register. A closer examination of the PAs considered both individually as well as grouped by locative adverb (i.e., here-, there-, and where-) indicates that some PAs are also more distinctive to certain legal registers. This study opens the discussion as to the utility and necessity of PAs in legal language and provides suggestions for legal writers on how to remove these words without inhibiting clarity or effectiveness
Questions to Enhance Learning Journal Content
Full text linkBy using the list of questions in this document, students will be able to write more meaningful content in their Learning Journals, and also to reflect on their learning activities and learn more efficiently
Those Dam Fish: Morphological Response in Two Riverine Fish Species Following Dam Construction
Full text linkFlow regime is a known predictor of fish shape1. Conspecific populations living in distinct flow environments often exhibit different morphologies.
Dams present a unique opportunity to observe a dramatically transformed flow regime. Fish populations that once occupied a fast-flowing habitat suddenly live in an artificial reservoir.
The Parana Basin in southern Brazil boasts some of the greatest fish diversity in the world. The biological implications of hydroelectric dam construction along its major rivers must be studied.
Previous literature has been limited to a single species or ecological niche2.
➢ Our objective was to describe what morphological divergence, if any, is present within two species across three locations: Upstream, Reservoir and Downstream of the Sao Domingos dam.https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/library_studentposters_2025/1068/thumbnail.jp
Shorter Semitendinosus and Biceps Femoris Tendon Lengths Linked to Greater Eccentric Strength in College Football Players
Full text linkAll American football players depend on hamstring muscle strength and tendon resilience to perform. If we can better understand the relationship between hamstring strength and tendon length, we would be able to tailor training strategies such as stretching to enhance performance and/or reduce injuries. This study investigates the relationship between semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris in accordance to eccentric hamstring strength (EHS).https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/library_studentposters_2025/1059/thumbnail.jp
Comparing Management Strategies for Gray Wolves, Dingoes, and African Wild Dogs: Insights for U.S. Wolf Conservation
Full text linkEurope, Africa, and Australia can provide insights into USA Gray Wolf Management.https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/library_studentposters_2025/1007/thumbnail.jp
Celebrating 25 years of Partnership: The Library of Congress and Council on East Asian Libraries Internship Program
Full text linkThis article examines the development and impact of a carefully planned 25-year collaboration between the Library of Congress (LC) and the Council on East Asian Libraries (CEAL). Established in 2000, the LC-CEAL Internship Program has provided professional training for career advancement to numerous East Asian librarians, playing a pivotal role in the growth of East Asian librarianship. This article reviews the program’s history, its evolution over the past 25 years, and explores its future trajectories
Through the Looking Glass: Reflecting on the Roles and Expectations between Graduate Students and Their Adviser in Making Meaning Out of Feedback
Full text linkWithin response scholarship, although there is some literature addressing response in the context of thesis projects, the student perspective is notably absent. This article brings the students’ perspectives into focus as it is collaboratively written by three thesis students and their adviser. Three main findings are presented discussing the relationship between the thesis adviser and student and the feedback provided throughout the process. First, context plays a critical role in the manner in which the relationship is viewed by both the thesis adviser and student, with factors such as age, prior coursework and supervision of the student, the thesis adviser’s knowledge of the topic, IRB protocols, etc. playing an important role in how both the student and adviser perceive the relationship. Second, written and verbal feedback each play crucial roles in the feedback process, with their relationship often being reciprocal as the written feedback plays an agenda-setting role for verbal exchanges. And, lastly, students’ emotional responses to their thesis adviser’s written feedback are often directly related to the labor that the feedback will create rather than the tone or focus of the feedback itself
Teaching Blog Writing in Business and Professional Writing Class
Full text linkThis teaching tip outlines a structured approach to incorporating a “Professional Blog Writing” assignment in a Business and Professional Writing course. Designed to develop students’ understanding of document design and professional communication, the assignment encourages students to apply designing and writing principles to create audience-focused, purpose-driven content in a professional blogging context. Through a combination of collaborative learning, independent writing, and iterative revision, this assignment promotes critical thinking, creativity, and practical skills essential for professional success
Elucidating the Antibiofilm Characteristics of a Carbon Infiltrated Carbon Nanotube Surface and a Copper-Coated Carbon Infiltrated Carbon Nanotube Surface
Full text linkPost-surgical implant-associated infections cause considerable patient morbidity and mortality. These infections are often caused by biofilm-forming bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial biofilms are resistant to immune clearance and are a reservoir of antibiotic resistance. Implant materials that resist bacterial colonization may be able to improve patient outcomes. Carbon infiltrated carbon nanotubes (CICNT) are a potential surface modification for medical implants. The work presented in this dissertation focuses on characterizing the antibiofilm effect of the CICNT surface, better understanding its mechanism of action, and characterizing the enhanced antibiofilm effect of a copper-coated CICNT surface. S. aureus biofilms were grown on the CICNT surface in order to determine that the CICNT surface reduced their growth. A diameter of 150 nm was determined to be the most effective nanotube size. The antibiofilm effect remained in force for multiple isolates of S. aureus, though the effect size changed depending on the culture media used for biofilm growth. The antibiofilm effect of the CICNT surface is due to its texture, rather than its chemistry. It was also determined that the antibiofilm effect of the CICNT surface was not due to the surface killing the bacteria, nor was it because it prevented the bacteria from attaching. Rather, it may be because the surface reduces the growth of bacteria either through physical restriction of bacterial growth planes, or through mechanical signals transmitted to the cell that result in gene expression changes, slowing cell growth. However, the antibiofilm effect of the CICNT surface was somewhat modest, about a 3.6-fold reduction (70%). Copper is an antimicrobial material. The combination of a 5 nm thin film of copper with the textured CICNT surface resulted in a synergistic effect, resulting in up to a 6.9-log reduction after 12 hours of incubation. This was likely due to a contact killing mechanism. Understanding the role of nanotextured surfaces in preventing bacterial colonization and biofilm growth provides valuable insights into the development of antimicrobial surfaces and will guide future research on optimizing textured and copper-based bactericidal materials