5,882 research outputs found
Silicon Strip Detectors for the ATLAS HL-LHC Upgrade
No full textTo further extend the ultimate physics reach of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a series of accelerator and experimental upgrades are planned in 2014 (phase 0), 2017 (phase 1) and 2022 (phase 2). The phase 2 machine upgrade, called the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC), is foreseen to increase the instantaneous luminosity by a factor ten with a total integrated luminosity of . The ATLAS experiment plans to build a new all-silicon tracker for HL-LHC operation which can cope with the predicted high particle rates and intense radiation doses. This article summarizes the plans and recent progress prototyping the silicon micro-strip section of the ATLAS HL-LHC upgrade. Results from measurements of miniature () and full-size () planar n-in-p FZ silicon sensors are shown. The first prototypes of different module concepts with highly integrated cooling and mechanical support structures are also described
Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions at measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
No full textThe first measurements from proton–proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. Data were collected in December 2009 using a minimum-bias trigger during collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 900 GeV. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, and the relationship between mean transverse momentum and charged-particle multiplicity are measured for events with at least one charged particle in the kinematic range |η|<2.5 and pT>500 MeV. The measurements are compared to Monte Carlo models of proton–proton collisions and to results from other experiments at the same centre-of-mass energy. The charged-particle multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity at η=0 is measured to be 1.333±0.003(stat.)±0.040(syst.), which is 5–15% higher than the Monte Carlo models predict
Construction report of the intermediate silicon layers (ISL) ladders
No full textThe Intermediate Silicon Layers (ISL) detector is part of the CDF upgrade for Run II. The ISL is a large radius (20-28 cm) double-side silicon tracker with a total active area of similar or equal to 3.5 m(2). The full procedure for module production and electrical tests is described. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. RI Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-201
Status report of the intermediate silicon layers detector at CDFII
No full textThe Intermediate Silicon Lavers detector (ISL) is a large radius silicon tracker, installed in the CDF detector for the RUN II of the Tevatron Collider. With almost 4 m(2) of double-sided silicon sensors and 300,000 electronic channels it represents the biggest system of this kind ever built. The construction and installation phases, the performed quality assurance tests as well as the problems encountered are reviewed. RUN II of the Tevatron officially started on March 1st, 2001. Although the CDF silicon system is still being commissioned. results on the performance of the ISL detector obtained using the first data are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Domesticating the Exotic Species: International Biodiversity Law in Canada
No full textWhile a significant body of international and regional agreements now addresses habitat preservation, wildlife protection, and biological diversity, these advances on the international level often fail to be effectively translated into domestic law. In this article, the author argues that international biodiversity law is being treated in Canada as exotic . It is peppered into parties\u27 submissions without a principled explanation of its role in Canadian law, receives little consideration from the courts, and must ultimately rely on non-legal means of enforcement. The author examines the jurisprudence dealing with four major biodiversity treaties. She notes that the judicial treatment of these conventions ranges from silence, to declarations of inapplicability, to limited usage in statutory interpretation. This impoverished view of international biodiversity law in Canadian courtrooms is contrasted with the richer understanding of the relevance of this body of law demonstrated by its usage in environmental advocacy campaigns. The author focuses on two case studies: the 1992-2002 campaign for federal endangered species legislation, and the ongoing Cheviot mine campaign. In these campaigns, compliance with international biodiversity law is pursued through various shaming strategies. The author concludes that both the judiciary and environmental advocacy groups have a role to play in identifying where Canada fails to give domestic effect to the obligations it assumes under ratified biodiversity treaties, and in addressing this failure
The Private Life of Environmental Treaties
No full textThe gravitational pull of environmental treaties is felt not only by states. Yet international lawyers almost exclusively focus on states to explain treaty compliance, measure treaty implementation, and assess treaty effectiveness. This essay draws attention to a phenomenon that falls outside traditional boundaries of treaty analysis: the efforts of private corporations that aim at complying with environmental treaties. Existing models of treaty implementation are inadequate to explain these direct interactions between corporations and treaties. The dominant grammar of treaty “compliance” equally fails to fit. Using a little-studied example - the UNESCO World Heritage Convention - this essay highlights the phenomenon of corporations’ aspiring to conform their behavior to environmental treaty requirements
A Well-Founded Fear of Prosecution: Mediation and the Unauthorized Practice of Law
No full textTo many mediators, UPL is an acronym with an increasingly ominous ring. This growing concern about the unauthorized practice of law (UPL) arises from reports around the country of charges filed against mediators who are not lawyers. These prosecutions - or in some cases warnings - are primarily directed at divorce mediators as a result of their drafting of detailed marital settlement agreements. However, all mediators have a reason to be concerned, because of uncertainties about what constitutes UPL in the context of mediation. This article surveys the legal terrain of UPL, and argues that it\u27s time for new, clear and uniform standards for distinguishing between mediation and the practice of law
Searches for new physics in events with a photon and b-quark jet at CDF
No full textWe have searched for evidence of physics beyond the standard model in events that include an energetic photon and an energetic b-quark jet, produced in 85 pb(-1) of (p) over barp collisions at 1.8 TeV at the Tevatron Collider at Fermilab. This signature, containing at least one gauge boson and a third-generation quark, could arise in the production and decay of a pair of new particles, such as those predicted by supersymmetry, leading to a production rate exceeding standard model predictions. We also search these events for anomalous production of missing transverse energy, additional jets and leptons (e, mu and tau), and additional b quarks. We find no evidence for any anomalous production of gammab or gammab + X events, We present limits on two supersymmetric models: a model where the photon is produced in the decay (χ) over tilde (0)(2)-->gamma(χ) over tilde (0)(1), and a model where the photon is produced in the neutralino decay into the gravitino LSP, (χ) over tilde (0)(1)-->gamma(G) over tilde. We also present our limits in a model-independent form and test methods of applying model-independent limits
Measurement of CP asymmetry in D-0 -> K- K+ and D-0 -> pi(-) pi(+) decays
No full textTime-integrated CP asymmetries in D 0 decays to the final states K - K + and π - π + are measured using proton-proton collisions corresponding to 3fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV. The D 0 mesons are produced in semileptonic b-hadron decays, where the charge of the accompanying muon is used to determine the initial flavour of the charm meson. The difference in CP asymmetries between the two final states is measured to be Δ ACP = ACP (K- K +) ACP (π- π+) = (+ 0.14 ± 0.16 (stat) ± 0.08 (syst)) %. A measurement of A CP (K - K +) is obtained assuming negligible CP violation in charm mixing and in Cabibbo-favoured D decays. It is found to be ACP (K- K+) = (- 0.06 ± 0.15 (stat) ± 0.10 (syst)) %, where the correlation coefficient between ΔA CP and A CP (K - K +) is ρ = 0.28. By combining these results, the CP asymmetry in the D 0 → π - π + channel is A CP (π - π +) = (-0.20 ± 0.19 (stat) ± 0.10 (syst))%. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2014 The Author(s)
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