145,044 research outputs found
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Full text linkBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Rosa tomurensis L. Luo, C. Yu & Q. X. Zhang
No full textRosa tomurensis L. Luo, C. Yu & Q. X. Zhang (Figures 3, 4, 5) Type: — CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, Akesu Prefecture, Wensu County, Tuomuerfeng Natural Preservation Areas, in river valleys, ca. 1800m, 10 June 2017, L. Luo, C. Yu, Y. J. Sui, F. Yang & S. Zhao 171022 (holotype BJFC00107674!). Diagnosis: — R. tomurensis is different from R. laxa in the following characteristics: prickles are rare, single prickles are larger, and the tip of prickles is not curved significantly; leaf blade apex serrate only, subbase one-third entire; flowers often solitary, and single flowers are larger than R. laxa; receptacles purplish red, occasionally green; pedicels very long, purplish red or green; sepals are purplish red or green; hips are larger than R. laxa, often pendulous, hip apex without short neck; hip pedicels slightly inflated at base; sepals abaxially, receptacle and pedicel glandular or glandless together, the glands in the pedicel sometimes shed at anaphase. (Table 2). Description: —Shrubs, erect, 2.5–3 m tall, basal branching. Branchlets slender, brownish red; branchial spines are rare, scattered, rarely opposite, pale yellow and white, unequal in length, slender, broad at base, apex slightly downward curved. Leaflets 5–9, usually 7, elliptic, obovoid, ovoid or oblong, 0.6–2 × 0.5–1 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially smooth; leaf margin simple serrate, often entire subbase one-third. Stipules usually wider, base mostly adnate to petiole, free portion ovate, triangulate, margin glandular spot. Flowers often solitary, sometimes 2–3 in corymbose cymes, (3) 3.5–6.5 (7) cm in diam; pedicel 1.5–3.5 cm, pedicel and calyx tube glabrous or tomentose and sparsely glandular hairs; bracts ovate, margin glandular teeth, abaxially with distinct midrib and lateral veins; sepals long lanceolate, margin entire, apex elongated widened into appendages, abaxially glandular and densely tomentose, adaxially densely pubescent, margin more densely; petals white, sparse pink,or pale pink, at bud stage, petal tips are often pink or pale pink. Hip subglobose or ovoid, red, shiny, 1–2.1cm in diam, 1.5–2 cm long, sepals persistent and spreading; fruit pedicel straight or bent. Distribution and habitat: —This species is produced in the Tuomuerfeng Natural Preservation Areas of Wensu County in Aksu Perfecture, the Pamir Plateau Mountain Area of Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, Tajik Autonomous County of Taxkorgan in Kashgar Prefecture and the south slope of Duku Highway, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It borns in arid mountains, river valleys and riparian thickets, at elevations between 1700 m and 3000 m. The associated woody plants in this area are R. laxa, R. albertii, Berberis sp., Caragana sp., etc. Phenology: —Flowering from June to July, fruiting from August to October. Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the distribution where the new species was first discovered. Paratypes: — CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, Akesu Prefecture, Wensu County, Tuomuerfeng Natural Preservation Areas, in river valleys, ca. 1800m, 24 September 2017, L. Luo, C. Yu, Y. J. Sui, F. Yang & S. Zhao 171023 (BJFC00107688!); the same locality, 8 June 2017, L. Luo, C. Yu, Y. J. Sui, F. Yang & S. Zhao 171024 (BJFC00107671!). Conservation status: —Based on currently available data, the species should be assigned to the ‘Data Deficient’ (DD) category of IUCN (2022). There is little human interference in this species’ distribution areas, so these populations are not easy to be destroyed.Published as part of Deng, Tong, Luo, Le, Yu, Chao, Zhang, Qi-Xiang, Liu, Xue-Sen & Deng, Ze-Yi, 2022, Rosa tomurensis, a new species of Rosa (Rosaceae) from China, pp. 169-177 in Phytotaxa 556 (2) on pages 174-175, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/696599
Measurement of the ratio of prompt χ c to J / ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
Full text linkThe prompt production of charmonium χ c and J / ψ states is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J / ψ mesons are identified through their decays χ c → J / ψ γ and J / ψ → μ + μ - using 36 pb - 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J / ψ, σ (χ c → J / ψ γ) / σ (J / ψ), is determined as a function of the J / ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p T J / ψ < 15 GeV / c. The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a significant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p T J / ψ region
Effect of Piper betle L. and its extracts on the growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus Parasiticus
No full textMolecular structure of highly excited resonant states in Mg-24 and the corresponding Be-8+O-16 and C-12+C-12 decays
No full textExotic Be-8 and C-12 decays from high-lying resonances in Mg-24 are analyzed in terms of a cluster model. The calculated quantities agree well with the corresponding experimental data. It is found that the calculated decay widths are very sensitive to the angular momentum carried by the outgoing cluster. It is shown that this property makes cluster decay a powerful tool to determine the spin as well as the molecular structures of the resonances.Physics, NuclearSCI(E)7ARTICLE5null8
FIGURE 5. R. tomurensis L. Luo, C in Rosa tomurensis, a new species of Rosa (Rosaceae) from China
No full textFIGURE 5. R. tomurensis L. Luo, C. Yu & Q. X. Zhang, A. Habit, B–C. Leaf, D. Stipule, E. Prickle, F–H. Flower, I. Pink flower, J–K. Bud, L–N. Hip, O. Whole plant.Published as part of Deng, Tong, Luo, Le, Yu, Chao, Zhang, Qi-Xiang, Liu, Xue-Sen & Deng, Ze-Yi, 2022, Rosa tomurensis, a new species of Rosa (Rosaceae) from China, pp. 169-177 in Phytotaxa 556 (2) on page 173, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/696599
Letter from J. R. Eakin to Arthur G. Ringland
No full textLetter (copy) from J. R. Eakin to Arthur C. Ringland about the alignment of 40 acres near the Buggeln ranch
Aliterella vladivostokensis Sh. R. Abdullin, A. Yu. Nikulin, V. B. Bagmet et V. Yu. Nikulin 2021, sp. nov.
No full textAliterella vladivostokensis Sh.R. Abdullin, A.Yu. Nikulin, V.B. Bagmet et V.Yu. Nikulin sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Description: —Cells solitary, more commonly irregular or in rounded colonies with many cells (up to 32–64 or more), usually aggregated irregularly, extended (Fig. 1 A–C). Mucilage unstratified, colorless and firm, surrounding cells and colonies. Cells cylindrical 1.6–6.87 μm long, 1.17–5.85 μm wide, 1 to 1.75 × longer than wide (mean, 1.28 ×) (Fig. 1 C–D). Cells easily squeezing from colonies with pressure (Fig. 1 C). The chromatoplasm and centroplasm usually recognizable with light microscopy (Fig. 1 C–D). Cell contents blue-green, slightly granulated, or sometimes homogeneous. Reproduction by simple binary cell division in three or more planes. Holotype: —The dried biomass of authentic strain was deposited to the Herbarium of the Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Russia (exsiccatum number VLA-CA-1212) as a holotype. Type locality: — RUSSIA. Primorsky Territory, Vladivostok, 43°10’21.4” N, 131°56’10.9” E, collected by Shamil R. Abdullin on August 7, 2018. The authentic strain VCA-43 (Vl15-3) is available in the culture collection of the Laboratory of Botany, Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Russia. Habitat: —This cyanobacteria occurred in aerophytic habitat (on the concrete fence). Etymology: —The species epithet ‘ vladivostokensis ’ is derived from the type locality Vladivostok City. Molecular phylogeny and sequence analyses: —Results of the BLAST searches showed that the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (1800 bp) in our strain was highly similar to those in other species of Aliterella, several uncultured bacterial clones, and Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509 (> 94.5%). When only the ITS region was compared, the similarity to Aliterella spp. was just above 85%. Such relatively low similarity percentages suggested that we were likely dealing with a new species. Phylogenetic analyses (ML and BI) clearly indicated that A. vladivostokensis was a member of the strongly supported (99/1.00; BP/PP; Fig. 2) Aliterella generic clade. Branching pattern between the clade members remained largely unresolved (Fig. 2). We observed the highest 16S rRNA sequence similarities based on p -distance analysis between our isolate and an uncultured bacterial clone (DQ532167) isolated from clean spacecraft assembly rooms where spacecrafts are assembled (99.5%; Table 1). A. antarctica (KU291459) and A. shaanxiensis (MH023997) were the most similar to each other among described Aliterella species, (99.1%). Since no ITS sequences were available for the uncultured bacterial clones resolved as members of the Aliterella clade (5 accessions), we only compared the percentage of sequence dissimilarity between aligned 16S–23S ITS regions for the described taxa and Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509 (6 accessions). The dissimilarity varied from 6.4% to 17.5% (11.6%–17.5% between A. vladivostokensis and the other species; Table 2). Comparison of ITS secondary structures of the D1–D1′ and Box-B helices showed that they have similar patterns of bulges and terminal loops (Fig. 3, 4). The D1–D1′ helix was almost invariant in length (65–67 bp) and structure with 42 conserved sites among Aliterella species (Fig. 3). In Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509 the helix was shorter (57 bp) due to the deletion in the terminal loop (Fig. 3). The basal part of the D1–D1′ helix consisted of a conservative 4-bp double-stranded region followed by the internal (bilateral) loop (positions 5–6 and from 55–57 to 61–63 in different Aliterella species; 5–6 and 47–53 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509) and side loop with a single unpaired base (position 51–52, position 43 for Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509). Substitutions in the bilateral loop (base change U → C at position 57) and in the side loop (A → C at position 51) differentiated A. vladivostokensis. The terminal loop of the helix consisted of five bp and also harbored a unique marker mutation for the new species (A → C at position 29). Most species had two internal loops in the central part of D1–D1′ helix with the exception of A. shaanxiensis, which had three loops and Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509 with the one loop. We found one compensatory base change (CBC) and five hemi-compensatory base changes (hCBCs) in our secondary structure models. While CBC (A-U → G-C) was shared between A. vladivostokensis and A. antarctica (at positions 19–42 in both cases), the hCBCs were attributed to A. atlantica (C-G → U-G, at position 22), A. antarctica (two substitutions C-G → U-G at positions 20 and 27), A. chasmolithica (G-C → G-U, at position 33; Fig. 3), and Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509 (C-G → U-G at position 13). The Box-B helix was more variable in both primary and secondary structure (53–62 bp, 29 conservative sites); therefore, homologous nucleotides were difficult to identify in some cases (Fig. 4). The middle part of the Box-B helix had two (A. atlantica) to four (A. vladivostokensis) mostly bilateral internal loops. Point mutations, mostly found in single stranded domains, and indels frequent in the basal part of the Box-B altered the bulges location between species. A base substitution G → U at position 11 in the Box-B disrupted nucleotides pairing that led to an additional internal loop formation in A. vladivostokensis sequence (Fig. 4). The Box-B helix in Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509 differed from those in other species in lacking conservative motive at the base of the helix and shorter terminal loop (5 vs. 7–9 bases; Fig. 4). We found one CBC in Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509 (A-U → U-G, at positions 3 and 29) and one hCBC in A. chasmolithica (A-U → G-U, at position 3).Published as part of Abdullin, Shamil R., Nikulin, Arthur Yu., Bagmet, Veronika B., Nikulin, Vyacheslav Yu. & Gontcharov, Andrey A., 2021, New cyanobacterium Aliterella vladivostokensis sp. nov. (Aliterellaceae, Chroococcidiopsidales), isolated from temperate monsoon climate zone (Vladivostok, Russia), pp. 221-233 in Phytotaxa 527 (3) on pages 223-227, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.527.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/575142
Data for Wavelength Dependence of Plasmon-Induced Vibrational Energy Transfer in Fluorophore–Plasmonic Systems
No full textThe raw and analyzed data files for various fluorophore−plasmonic systems are attached. This includes continuous-wave Raman spectra, UV/VIS data, and Raman thermometry calculations. Data analysis was conducted using IGOR Pro 7, and the associated files are also included.Understanding, predicting, and controlling plasmon–molecule energy transfer are important for improvements to plasmonic photocatalysis and photothermal therapies. Here, we use continuous wave surface-enhanced anti-Stokes and Stokes Raman spectroscopy to quantify the vibrational kinetic energy, equivalent to a molecular temperature under a Boltzmann approximation, of Raman-active vibrational modes of molecules at plasmonic interfaces. In previous work from our group, we observed an anomalous steady-state reduction in vibrational kinetic energies in benzenethiols absorbed onto the surface of gold nanoparticles. To further explore this effect, here, we quantify the wavelength dependence of vibrational energy in plasmon–fluorophore systems, where molecules can undergo electronic transitions with resonant excitation. We used three excitation wavelengths and three molecules with varying electronic resonance energies. We observe wavelength-dependent vibrational energy distributions, which we attribute to competing effects of on-resonance heating and off-resonance decrease in the population ratio. This work thus quantifies the resonance wavelength dependence of vibrational energy in plasmon molecular systems and helps to suggest future applications of tailored systems with controllable energy transfer pathways.MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under award number DMR-2011401.Christenson, Gerrit N; Yu, Ziwei; Frontiera, Renee R. (2024). Data for Wavelength Dependence of Plasmon-Induced Vibrational Energy Transfer in Fluorophore–Plasmonic Systems. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM), https://doi.org/10.13020/wtty-jz50
Letter from Joseph R. Goodman to Claude C. Cornwall, Central Utah Relocation Center, January 13, 1943
No full textLetter from Joseph R. Goodman to Claude C. Cornwall, containing a reference letter regarding William Shiro Hoshiyama. Goodman writes that Hoshiyama and his brother John operated a grocery store before forced removal.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
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