25 research outputs found
Pengaruh Kadar Air dan Ketebalan Papan Terhadap Laju Pengeringan Kayu Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) dengan Penerapan Fase Pendinginan : The Effect of Water Content and Thickness of Rubber Wood (Hevea brasiliensis) Board on The Drying Rate with the Application of the Cooling Phase
Full text linkABSTRACT
Rubber wood is one of the wood species used as furniture raw material. Before processing it into furniture, it needs to be dried first until the moisture content meets the SNI requirements. In this study, drying data for rubber wood with different initial moisture content at several different thicknesses were taken from a furniture company in Central Java and then analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel. In the drying process, the company applies a cooling phase in between the heating phases. The results of the data analysis show that drying wood with a thickness of 30 mm takes longer than that with a thickness of 25 mm. On the other hand, in the same initial moisture content range, rubber wood with a thickness of 30 mm has a drying rate that is smaller than the drying rate for wood with a thickness of 25 mm. In the higher moisture content ranges the wood drying rate is greater than rubber wood with a low initial moisture content.
Keywords: cooling phase, drying, moisture content, rubber wood, thickness
ABSTRAK
Salah satu jenis kayu yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku furnitur adalah kayu karet. Sebelum diolah menjadi furnitur kayu karet perlu dikeringkan terlebih dahulu sampai kadar airnya memenuhi persyaratan SNI tentang kayu untuk furnitur. Penelitian ini data pengeringan kayu karet dengan kadar air awal berbeda pada beberapa jenis ketebalan berbeda diambil dari perusahaan furnitur di Jawa Tengah dan kemudian diolah secara deskriptif menggunakan microsoft excel. Proses pengeringan di perusahaan tersebut menerapkan fase pendinginan di sela-sela fase pemanasan. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa pengeringan kayu ketebalan 30 mm membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama dibandingkan ketebalan 25 mm. Sebaliknya, pada rentang kadar air awal yang sama kayu karet dengan ketebalan 30 mm memiliki laju pengeringan yang lebih kecil dibandingkan laju pengeringan kayu ketebalan 25 mm. Rentang kadar air yang lebih tinggi laju pengeringan kayu lebih besar dibandingkan kayu karet dengan kadar air awal yang rendah.
Kata kunci: fase pendinginan,kadar air, kayu karet, ketebalan, pengeringa
Sifat Fisiko-Kimia Damar Mata Kucing (Shorea javanica K. et V.) Hasil Klasifikasi Mutu di Pasar Domestik
No full textHutan alam di Indonesia didominasi oleh famili Dipterocarpaceae, salah satunya adalah pohon Shorea javanica. Pohon tersebut menghasilkan resin dengan mutu yang sangat tinggi dan dikenal sebagai damar mata kucing. Damar mata kucing asal Indonesia telah lama menjadi komoditi perdagangan. Walaupun mutu suatu bahan unsur yang sangat penting dalam perdagangan, namun penentuan mutu damar mata kucing di pasar domestik masih berdasarkan uji visual yaitu kebersihan, warna, dan ukuran bongkahan saja. Oleh sebab itu sangat dimungkinkan damar yang diklasifikasikan secara visual sebetulnya memiliki kandungan fisiko-kimia yang hampir sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisiko-kimia damar mata kucing dari berbagai klasifikasi mutu secara visual (mutu A, B, C, D, E, dan Abu) yang berasal dari tiga lokasi (PT. Bintang Kazha Gemilang, Krui, dan PT. Winas Guna Mustika). Pengujian dilakukan dengan pengamatan secara visual terhadap warna dan ukuran bongkahan, serta pengujian laboratoris untuk parameter bahan tidak larut dalam toluena (kadar kotoran), kadar air, kadar abu, bilangan asam, bilangan penyabunan, dan titik lunak. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa damar mata kucing dengan mutu yang tinggi berdasarkan klasifikasi secara visual, berkecenderungan memiliki nilai kadar air, kadar abu, bilangan asam, bilangan penyabunan, titik lunak, dan bahan tidak larut dalam toluena yang rendah. Akan tetapi, penentuan mutu damar mata kucing secara visual masih bersifat subjektif, karena terbukti damar mata kucing mutu A, B, dan C yang dikelompokkan secara visual memiliki ukuran bongkahan yang berbeda, namun menunjukkan sifat fisiko-kimia yang hampir sama dan dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam satu klasifikasi mutu (mutu A)
Produktivitas dan Perbandingan Produksi Resin Pinus Merkusii Jungh Et De Vriese terhadap NPS yang Ditetapkan Perum Perhutani
No full textThe aims of this study were to investigate pine resin productivity in Sub Forest Management Unit (SFMU) Ponorogo Barat based on seasonal variation, to investigate the effect of number of trees against pine resin production annually, and to compare pine resin production against NPS determined by Perum Perhutani. This study used secondary data from SFMU Ponorogo Barat. Data was analysed with microsoft office excel. The result of this study showed that pine resin productivity in dry season (1.10 kg/tree to 1.85 kg/tree) was higher than that in wet season (0.81 kg/tree to 1.53 kg/tree). The annual resin production was affected by number of trees. The range of pine resin productivity is 1.91 kg/tree/year to 3.39 kg/tree/year. The comparison between NPS determine by Perum Perhutani and average of resin production percentage monthly and quarterly showed that slightly different, i.e. ± 1% to 2%. and ± 1% to 3% respectively.
Keywoords: Pine resin, Productivity, Seasonal variation, NPSPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi produktivitas resin pinus di BKPH Ponorogo Barat berdasarkan musim dan megetahui pengaruh jumlah pohon terhadap produksi resin tiap tahunnya. Selain itu juga bertujuan untuk membandingkan persentase realisasi produksi resin pinus dengan persentase NPS yang besarannya telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari BKPH Ponorogo Barat kemudian diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Microsoft office excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas resin pinus pada musim panas (1.10 kg/pohon s.d 1.85 kg/pohon), nilainya lebih tinggi dibandingkan produktivitasnya pada musim penghujan (0.81 kg/pohon s.d. 1.53 kg/pohon). Sementara itu jumlah pohon memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap produktivitasnya dalam tahun. Rentang produktivitas resin pinus yaitu antara 1.91 kg/pohon/tahun s.d. 3.39 kg/pohon/tahun. Hasil perbandingan NPS perusahaan dengan rerata persentase realisasi produksi resin pinus per bulan menunjukkan sedikit perbedaan, yaitu ± 1% s.d. 2%. Nilai NPS yang ditetapkan oleh perusahaan juga berbeda dengan realisasi produksi resin tiap triwulannya, yaitu sekitar ± 1% s.d. 3%.
Kata kunci: Resin Pinus, Produktivitas, Perbedaan Musim, NP
The Utilization Rubber Wood Finger Joint Laminated for Furniture Application
Full text linkRubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) was considered a promising alternative material in furniture manufacturing due to its favorable physical and mechanical properties, sufficient availability, and relatively high economic value. However, it lacked natural durability and was vulnerable to insect and fungal attacks, requiring preservative treatment before use. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Finger Joint Laminated (FJL) products made from preservative-treated rubber wood as a potential raw material for furniture. The research involved wood selection, preservative treatment using deltamethrin and boric acid via the vacuum-pressure method, fabrication of FJL using three adhesive compositions (PVAc, PVAc + 5% hardener, and PVAc + 15% hardener), and testing of physical (moisture content and density) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture) properties according to BS 373:1957 standards.
The results showed that all FJL variants met the density requirements stated in SNI 01-0608-2017. The FJL bonded with 15% PVAc and hardener achieved the highest density and exhibited superior mechanical strength. Although the addition of hardener increased the moisture content, it remained within the acceptable limit (<15%) as defined in SNI 01-0608-1989. The improvement in mechanical performance was attributed to enhanced cross-linking in the adhesive. Some mechanical failures were likely caused by uneven adhesive application. In conclusion, rubber wood treated with preservatives and processed into FJL with optimal adhesive composition demonstrated strong potential as material for furniture productio
APLIKASI PEMOGRAMAN MESIN CNC PERKAYUAN UNTUK INDUSTRI 4.0 BAGI GURU SMK NEGERI 2 KENDAL JAWA TENGAH
Full text linkPeningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman terkait industri 4.0 furniture masih rendah. Di lain pihak, kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia Industri di bidang manufaktur industri furniture 4.0 diperlukan untuk mendukung revolusi industri 4.0 di Indonesia. Salah satu mesin yang memiliki teknologi tinggi dan mendukung industri 4.0 di bidang furniture salah satunya adalah mesin Computer Numerical Control (CNC). Tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat dari program studi teknik produksi furniture melakukan 2 (dua) kegiatan yang mendukung kompetensi di bidang industri 4.0. Kegiatan pertama yaitu “Workshop manufaktur furnitur 4.0” dilaksanakan secara online dan pelatihan proses permesinan industri furnitur 4.0 kepada Guru SMK N 2 Kendal. Evaluasi kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa program tersebut menarik antusiasme masyarakat yang bekerja di bidang furnitur. Guru sebagai pendidik di bidang furnitur telah menguasi aplikasi WoodWOP sehingga dapat menggunakannya pada saat mengoperasikan CNC
Pengaruh Steam dan Variasi Lapisan Terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Partikel Hibrida Kayu Jabon dan Bambu Betung: Effect of Steam and Layer Variation on The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Jabon Wood and Betung Bamboo Hybrid Particleboard
Full text linkABSTRACT
This study aims to assess the physical and mechanical properties of hybrid particleboard fabricated from jabon wood (Anthocephalus cadamba) and betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) with the application of steam treatment and variations in the arrangement of particleboard layers. The steam conditioning was executed via autoclaving at a temperature of 126 ºC for a duration of 60 minutes under a pressure of 0.14 MPa to improve particle quality prior to the board manufacturing process. The particleboards were architected following a face/core/back schema with three layered variations, namely jabon particleboard, hybrid jabon/bamboo/jabon, and bamboo/jabon/bamboo. The adhesive agent utilized was urea-formaldehyde (UF), applied at a proportion of 10% relative to the oven-dry weight of the particles. The dimensional specifications of the particleboards were fixed at 30 × 30 × 0.9 cm³, targeting a density of 0.6 g/cm³. The appraisal of the physical and mechanical properties was conducted in strict adherence to JIS A 5908-2003, encompassing density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. The empirical outcomes intimate that the hybrid particleboard with a bamboo/jabon/bamboo subjected to steam treatment manifested superlative performance, substantially augmenting the physical and mechanical properties made from jabon wood and betung bamboo.
Keywords: betung bamboo, hybrid, jabon wood, particleboard, steam.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengkaji sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel hibrida yang terbuat dari kayu jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) dan bambu betung (Dendrocalamus asper) dengan penerapan perlakuan steam serta variasi susunan lapisan papan partikel. Perlakuan steam dilakukan menggunakan autoklaf dengan suhu 126 ºC dengan lama 60 menit dengan tekanan 0,14 MPa untuk meningkatkan kualitas partikel sebelum proses pembuatan papan. Papan partikel disusun dengan pola face/core/back dalam tiga variasi lapisan, yaitu papan partikel jabon, hibrida jabon/bambu/jabon, dan hibrida bambu/jabon/bambu. Perekat yang digunakan yaitu urea formaldehida (UF) sebanyak 10% dari berat kering partikel. Dimensi papan partikel adalah 30x30x0,9 cm³ dengan target kerapatan 0,6 g/cm³. Evaluasi sifat fisis dan mekanis mengikuti kriteria JIS A 5908-2003, mencakup kerapatan, kadar air, daya serap air, pengembangan tebal, modulus of rupture dan modulus of elasticity. Hasil penelitian mengindikasi bahwasanya papan partikel hibrida dengan susunan bambu/jabon/bambu dan perlakuan steam menghasilkan performa terbaik, serta mampu meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel berbahan kayu jabon dan bambu betung.
Kata kunci: bambu betung, hibrida, kayu jabon, papan partikel, steam
PENGARUH PROSES BLEACHING TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS KAYU PINUS (Pinus sp.) TERSERANG BLUE STAIN
Full text linkThe weakness of pine wood as a furniture material is that it is easily attacked by blue stain which causes changes in the color of the wood. In previous research, it was reported that bleaching material i.e. sodium hypochlorite 25% had a significant effect on the color change of pine wood affected by blue stain, but the effect on its physical and mechanical properties was not yet known. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of bleaching materials on the physical and mechanical properties of pine wood attacked by blue stain. Bleaching treatment was carried out at three different concentrations, namely a mixture of bleaching material and water 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. Then the pine woods that has been treated with bleaching were tested for moisture content, density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR)) referring to the BS 372-1957 standard. The test results showed that the bleaching treatment had a significant effect on moisture content, MOE, and MOR, but did not affect density. The moisture content of pine woods attacked by blue stains that were treated with bleaching tended to be higher than the control. Meanwhile, the lowest MOE and MOR values were found in pine wood that was treated with bleaching 2:1.Keywords: bleaching, blue stain, mechanical, pine, physical.AbstrakKelemahan dari kayu pinus sebagai bahan furnitur yaitu mudah terserang blue stain yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan warna kayu. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dilaporkan bahwa bahan bleaching sodium hipoklorit 25% berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan warna kayu pinus terserang blue stain, namun belum diketahui pengaruh terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu pinus terserang blue stain yang diberi perlakuan bleaching. Perlakuan bleaching pada kayu pinus terserang blue stain dilakukan pada tiga konsentrasi berbeda yaitu campuran bahan bleaching dan air 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1. Kemudian kayu pinus yang telah diberi perlakuan bleaching diuji kadar air, kerapatan, modulus of elasticity (MOE) dan modulus of rupture (MOR)) mengacu pada standar BS 372-1957. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan bleaching berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air, MOE, dan MOR, namun tidak beroengaruh terhadap kerapatan. Kayu pinus terserang blue stain yang diberi perlakuan bleaching memiliki kadar air yang lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol. Sedangkan nilai MOE dan MOR yang paling rendah ditemukan pada kayu pinus yang diberi perlakuan bleaching 2:1. Kata kunci: bleaching, blue stain, fisis, mekanis, pinus.
The implementation of good corporate governance at Baitut Tamwil Muhammadiyah (BTM) Tegal
Full text linkPurpose – Author studied the implementation of good corporate governance in a context of microfinance institution. Corporate Governance is a very strategic determining factor for the progress of a company in order to continuously increase value and maintain an ongoing and sustainable growth process.Method – Sources of data used in this study were taken from primary data and secondary data. Apart from interviews, other primary data source categories include reviewing, reading several global financial reports and standard operating procedure (SOP). Secondary data were obtained from books as a complement to primary data sources. Additional secondary data source of this research was obtained by conducting literature reviews.Result – Modern pondok of Tazakka uses at least six different waqf program as a financial source of their activities. These programmes are asset waqf, cash waqf, productive waqf, benefits waqf, profession waqf, and transfer of rights waqf. The programmes help the pondok to be more autonomous and able to provide various benefits for the scholars of the pondok and the people surround it. Implication – The results show that the Baitut Tamwil Muhammadiyah (BTM) implemented a good corporate governance.Originality – This study has enriched an empirical study of corporate governance in microfinance institution in Indonesia.
Corak Pendekatan Dalam Ushûl Al-fiqh
Full text linkApproaches to Islamic Jurisprudence The Islamic legal theory (ushûl al-fiqh) is one of the most important sciences in the development of Islamic thought used for legal deduction. As a legal theory, the scientific community (‘ulamâ' al-ûshûl ) has developed a variety of approach to ushûl al-fiqh. This article tires to discuss these approaches which constitute language approach and maqâshid al-syarî‘ah (public goods). The author argues that these two approaches are important means to comprehend how the Islamic jurisprudents deduce law. Linguistic approach is required to understanding the text of the revelation, whereas the maqâshid al-syarî‘ah is needed to consider the very objective of the law as well as to see the values of human interest for every obligation sent down by God. Not denying the importance of language approach, this article put forward the significance of the maqâshid al-syarî‘ah in order to catch God's messages in the Qur'an
