57 research outputs found
« Engagez-vous », qu’ils disaient : des discours politiques populistes aux expériences militantes populaires
No full textL’article traite dans un premier temps des usages du « populaire » dans le champ politique français. En parlant au nom des classes populaires, les professionnels de la politique construisent un imaginaire à propos de ces catégories, imaginaire porteur de nombreux implicites et qui mérite d’être déconstruit. Dans un second temps, il s’agit de confronter ces discours à la réalité des pratiques partisanes. Dans un portrait de deux jeunes militants – l’un de gauche (PCF), l’autre de droite (UMP) –, nous tenterons de montrer comment le sociologue peut proposer un regard plus empirique sur la politisation des classes populaires, notamment en interrogeant leur marginalisation au sein des collectifs militants.This article firstly explores the several ways the « popular » is handled in the French political field. When talking on the behalf of lower classes, politicians tend to build illusionary images about them, that convey lots of implicit ideas and must be undone.Secondly, the author highlights the gap between these lines and the actual activist practices. Through the portraits of two young activists – a left-winger (PCF) and a right-winger (UMP) – we try to demonstrate how the sociologist could suggest a more empirical look on lower class politicization, particularly by wondering about their social marginalization in militant groups
Méthodologies électrochimiques pour la caractérisation thermodynamique et cinétique de reconnaissance biomoléculaire (application au système aptamère/molécule chirale)
No full textCette thèse porte sur la mise au point de nouvelles méthodologies électrochimiques pour la caractérisation d'une reconnaissance (bio)moléculaire énantiosélective entre un aptamère et sa cible. En utilisant comme système modèle la L-Tyrosinamide et son aptamère de 49 nucléotides, un premier dispositif analytique pour la détection de la complexation en phase homogène a été mis au point. Cette approche repose sur la différence de coefficient de diffusion qui existe entre la forme libre de la cible et la forme complexée à l'aptamère. Initialement basée sur l'électroactivité intrinsèque de la cible via la fonction phénol, cette approche a été étendue aux molécules non électroactives grâce à une stratégie d'échange compétitif en marquant la cible par une fonction redox (ferrocène). Cette méthodologie a été utilisée avec succès pour la mesure précise d'excès énantiomériques jusqu'à 0,1 %. Couplée à une approche qualitative basée sur la prédiction des structures tertiaires de l'aptamère, cette technique a également permis de déterminer la séquence minimale requise de 23 nucléotides pour assurer la reconnaissance. Un second dispositif combinant l'avantage de pouvoir travailler en microvolume (utilisation de faibles quantités de réactifs) aux avantages de mesures électrochimiques en convection forcée (temps de mélange rapide, courant stationnaires) a également été mis au point. Cette méthode d'électrochimie stationnaire en microvolume a alors permis de caractériser la cinétique (constante d'association Kon et et de dissociation koff) et la thermodynamique (kd) de la réaction.This thesis concerns the development of new electrochemical methodologies for the characterization of enantioselective biomolecular recognition between an aptamer and its chiral target. By using a model system, the L-Tyrosinamide ant its aptamer of 49 nucleotids, a first analytical device for the detection of the complexation in homogeneous phase was optimized. This approach is based on the difference of diffusion coefficient that exists between the free state of the target ant the complexed state with the aptamer. Initially based on the intrinsic electroactivity of the target, via the phenolic function, this approach was extended to non electroactive molecules thanks to a competitive exchange strategy by marking the target with a redox function (ferrocene). This methodology was successfully used for the precise measure of enantiomeric excess until 0,1 %. Coupled with a qualitative approach based on the prediction of the tertiary structures of the aptamer, this technic also allowed to determine the minimal required sequence of 23 nucleotids to insure the recognition. A second device combining the advantage of working in microvolum (use of small quantities of reactives) and the advantages of electrochemical measures in forced convection (short mixing time, stationary current) was also developped. This method of stationnary electrochemistry in microvolume then allowed the characterization of the kinetics (association constant Kon and dissociation constant Koff) and the thermodynamics (Kd) of the reaction.PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF
MÉTHODOLOGIES ÉLECTROCHIMIQUES POUR LA CARACTÉRISATION THERMODYNAMIQUE ET CINÉTIQUE DE RECONNAISSANCE BIOMOLÉCULAIRE : APPLICATION AU SYSTÈME APTAMÈRE/MOLÉCULE CHIRALE
No full textThis thesis concerns the development of new electrochemical methodologies for the characterizationof enantioselective biomolecular recognition between an aptamer and its chiral target.By using a model system, the L-Tyrosinamide and its aptamer of 49 nucleotids, a first analyticaldevice for the detection of the complexation in homogeneous phase was optimized. This approach isbased on the difference of diffusion coefficient that exists between the free state of the target andthe complexed state with the aptamer. Initially based on the intrinsic electroactivity of the target, viathe phenolic function, this approach was extended to non electroactive molecules thanks to acompetitive exchange strategy by marking the target with a redox function (ferrocene). Thismethodology was successfully used for the precise measure of enantiomeric excess until 0,1 %.Coupled with a qualitative approach based on the prediction of the tertiary structures of theaptamer, this technic also allowed to determine the minimal required sequence of 23 nucleotids toinsure the recognition.A second device combining the advantage of working in microvolume (use of small quantities ofreactives) and the advantages of electrochemical measures in forced convection (short mixing time,stationary current) was also developped. This method of stationnary electrochemistry inmicrovolume then allowed the characterization of the kinetics (association constant kon anddissociation constant koff) and the thermodynamics (Kd) of the reaction.Cette thèse porte sur la mise au point de nouvelles méthodologies électrochimiques pour lacaractérisation d’une reconnaissance (bio)moléculaire énantiosélective entre un aptamère et sacible.En utilisant comme système modèle la L-Tyrosinamide et son aptamère de 49 nucléotides, unpremier dispositif analytique pour la détection de la complexation en phase homogène a été mis aupoint. Cette approche repose sur la différence de coefficient de diffusion qui existe entre la formelibre de la cible et la forme complexée à l’aptamère. Initialement basée sur l’électroactivitéintrinsèque de la cible via la fonction phénol, cette approche a été étendue aux molécules nonélectroactive grâce à une stratégie d’échange compétitif en marquant la cible par une fonction redox(ferrocène). Cette méthodologie a été utilisée avec succès pour la mesure précise d’excèsénantiomériques jusqu’à 0,1 %. Couplée à une approche qualitative basée sur la prédiction desstructures tertiaires de l’aptamère, cette technique a également permis de déterminer la séquenceminimale requise de 23 nucléotides pour assurer la reconnaissance.Un second dispositif combinant l’avantage de pouvoir travailler en microvolume (utilisation de faiblesquantités de réactifs) aux avantages de mesures électrochimiques en convection forcée (temps demélange rapide, courants stationnaires) a également été mis au point. Cette méthoded’électrochimie stationnaire en microvolume a alors permis de caractériser la cinétique (constanted’association kon et de dissociation koff) et la thermodynamique (Kd) de la réaction
Le Corps-Peste d’Antonin Artaud face à la cruauté de l’espace vital
No full textRestituer à l’homme la fonction du sujet de sa propre existence – non pas éternelle, figée dans le non-être par un esprit sain, mais celle sempiternelle qui, à chaque instant, se réinvente avec un corps à jamais incréé –, fut le projet d’Antonin Artaud. Pour ce faire, le théâtre qu’il imagine se fera le double de son inventeur lequel anime seul, sur la scène de son esprit, le spectacle de sa recréation. Ainsi la magie du théâtre artaudien réconcilie-t-elle les antagonistes – le corps et ses deux espaces –, les transmutant en une indivisible unité rêvée par son auteur. Cet article vise à reconstituer ce parcours à travers l’oeuvre et la biographie d’Antonin Artaud.Antonin Artaud had one project : to reinstate man in his subjective existence, not one that aspires to be eternal and is fixated in the idea of a well being, but something that can reinvent itself constantly through a creative body. In that perspective, his vision of theatre can be understood as a reproduction of himself directing, from the scene of the mind, the spectacle of that recreation. Artaud’s theatre thus reconciles antogonisms – the body and its two spaces –, transmuting them into the one unity imagined by the author. The goal of this article is to reconstitue this journey by following the life and works of Antonin Artaud
Pretreatment Tumor Growth Rate and Radiological Response as Predictive Markers of Pathological Response and Survival in Patients with Resectable Lung Cancer Treated by Neoadjuvant Treatment
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Predictive biomarkers associated with pathological response, progression precluding surgery, and/or recurrence after surgery are needed for patients with resectable non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treated by neoadjuvant treatment. We evaluated the clinical impact of the pretreatment tumor growth rate (TGR0) and radiological response for patients with resectable NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant therapies. Methods: Consecutive patients with resectable stage IB (≥4 cm) to IIIA NSCLC treated by neoadjuvant platinum-doublet chemotherapy with or without nivolumab at our tertiary center were retrospectively analyzed. TGR0 and RECIST objective responses were determined. Multivariable analyses identified independent predictors of event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and major pathological response (MPR). Results: Between November 2017 and December 2022, 32 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.8 [8.0] years) were included. At a median follow-up of 54.8 months (95% CI, 42.3–60.4 months), eleven patients (34%) experienced progression or recurrence, and twelve deaths (38%) were recorded. The TGR0 cutoff of 30%/month remained the only independent factor associated with EFS (HR = 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01–0.3; p = 0.003) and OS (HR = 0.2; 95% CI, 0.03–0.7; p = 0.01). The TGR0 cut-off had a mean time-dependent AUC of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.64–0.95) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.62–0.97) for predicting EFS and OS, respectively. Fifteen of 26 resection cases (58%) showed MPR including nine with pathological complete responses (35%). Only the objective response of the primary tumor was associated with MPR (OR = 27.5; 95% CI, 2.6–289.1; p = 0.006). Conclusions: Assessment of TGR0 can identify patients who should benefit from neoadjuvant treatment. A tumor objective response might be a predictor of MPR after neoadjuvant treatment, which will help to adapt surgical management
Tunable membrane-less dielectrophoretic microseparation by crossing interdigitated electrodes
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Separation is a crucial step in the analysis of living microparticles. In particular, the selective microseparation of phytoplankton by size and shape remains an open problem, even though these criteria are essential for their gender and/or species identification. However, microseparation devices necessitate physical membranes which complicate their fabrication, reduce the sample flow rate and can cause unwanted particle clogging. Recent advances in microfabrication such as High Precision Capillary Printing allow to rapidly build electrode patterns over wide areas. In this study, we introduce a new concept of membrane-less dielectrophoretic (DEP) microseparation suitable for large scale microfabrication processes. The proposed design involves two pairs of interdigitated electrodes at the top and the bottom of a microfluidic channel. We use finite-element calculations to analyse how the DEP force field throughout the channel, as well as the resulting trajectories of particles depend on the geometry of the system, on the physical properties of the particles and suspending medium and on the imposed voltage and flow rates. We numerically show that in the negative DEP regime, particles are focused in the channel mid-planes and that virtual pillars array leads either to their trapping at specific stagnation points, or to their focusing along specific lines, depending on their DEP mobility. Simulations allow to understand how particles can be captured and to quantify the particle separation conditions by introducing a critical DEP mobility. We further illustrate the principle of membrane-less DEP microseparation using the proposed setup, by considering the separation of a binary mixture of polystyrene particles with different diameters, and validate it experimentally
The ABTS-HRP System as an Alternative Method to RRDE for the Determination of the Selectivity of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
No full textInternational audienceA 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS)-H2O2-peroxidase system was involved to study the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) selectivity in acid medium. The average number of electron transferred per oxygen molecule (n) was calculated by measuring the quantity of H2O2 produced during the oxygen reduction reaction, taking advantage of the high activity of peroxidase enzyme coupled with the ABTS chromogen. The method was validated using electrode materials for which the electron pathway is established. It is simple, accurate and can be used on various kind of electrode structure
A MIQE-Compliant Real-Time PCR Assay for Aspergillus Detection
No full textPMCID: PMC3393739This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Alignment considerations in degenerative spinal conditions: A narrative review
No full textBackground: With an aging population, degenerative spinal diseases are contributing significantly to the healthcare's burden. Spinal alignment in the context of adult spinal deformities has become an important domain of research. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of the latest considerations in spinal alignment within the context of degenerative spinal conditions, discussed current strategies for morphological assessment and finally identified potential areas for future research. Results: This review reported that degenerative spinal conditions lead to a complex disruption of spinal alignment. It also highlighted the importance of spino-pelvic alignment with specific attention to compensatory mechanisms that occur in response to spinal deformities. Emerging technologies including Artificial Intelligence and epigenetics are showing promises in terms of patient care. Conclusions: Understanding spinal alignment in degenerative conditions underscores the importance of dynamic and individualized assessments. Future research should integrate emerging technologies along with traditional clinical practices in order to optimize patient outcomes and minimize complications for patients suffering from degenerative spinal diseases
Electrocatalytic (Bio)Nanostructures Based on Polymer-Grafted Platinum Nanoparticles for Analytical Purpose
No full textInternational audienceFunctionalized platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) possess electrocatalytic properties toward H 2 O 2 oxidation, which are of great interest for the construction of electro-chemical oxidoreductase-based sensors. In this context, we have shown that polymer-grafted PtNPs could efficiently be used as building bricks for electroactive structures. In the present work, we prepared different 2D-nanostructures based on these elementary bricks, followed by the subsequent grafting of enzymes. The aim was to provide well-defined architectures to establish a correlation between their electro-catalytic properties and the arrangement of building bricks. Two different nanostructures have been elaborated via the smart combination of surface initiated-atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), functionalized PtNPs (Br-PtNPs) and Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique. The first nanostructure (A) has been elaborated from LB films of poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted PtNPs (PMAA-PtNPs). The second nanostructure (B) consisted in the elaboration of polymer brushes (PMAA brushes) from Br-PtNPs LB films. In both systems, grafting of the glucose oxidase (GOx) has been performed directly to nanostructures, via peptide bonding. Structural features of nanostructures have been carefully characterized (compression isotherms, neutron reflectivity, and profilometry) and correlated to their electrocatalytic properties toward H 2 O 2 oxidation or glucose sensing
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