7 research outputs found
Maternal Parenting Style in Relation to Parenting Stress and Behavioral Outcomes in Japanese Children With and Without Autism
No full textThis exploratory study sought to compare the parenting variables of parenting stress, perceived social support, and parenting styles among Japanese mothers of children with autism and without autism, and examine associations between children\u27s internalizing and externalizing behaviors and these variables. Results of independent t-tests revealed greater levels of parenting stress among mothers of children with autism and lower levels of social support. Parenting styles did not significantly differ between the groups. Regression analyses revealed that parenting stress uniquely predicted externalizing behaviors in children with autism. Additionally, an authoritarian parenting style was predictive of externalizing behaviors in children without autism. No meaningful associations were found between the parenting variables and the manifestation of internalizing behaviors. This study suggests that further examination of parenting stress and mental health among Japanese mothers of children with autism and a more comprehensive understanding of parenting behavior in Japan are warranted. Such information is important in service delivery and the future development of interventions that focus on both addressing parental needs and improving child outcomes
Resiting genre : a study of contemporary Italian travel writing in English translation
No full textThis thesis aims to highlight the presence of a large and varied production of contemporary
Italian travel writing and to analyse the reasons for its 'invisibility' in the Italian literary
system and critical tradition. Through the use of a comparative approach to genre and of
current theories developed in the area of Translation Studies, the thesis will outline the
different status attributed to travel writing in the Anglo-American and the Italian literary
systems. Such a comparative approach allows the study to escape the narrow confines of a
perspective based on the idea of national literature and to adopt a wider view, which, in
turn, highlights the presence of phenomena otherwise easily overlooked or discarded as
insignificant.
The peculiar characteristics of travel writing, a genre mostly based on the
representation of the Other for a home audience, are also analysed in order to point out their
affinity with translation practices and, ultimately, to underline the 'double translation'
implied by translated travel writing.
The case studies which make up the remaining part of the thesis are intended to
illustrate different aspects of the genre of travel writing; to provide scope for an analysis of
its boundaries and connections with other genres (ranging from ethnography to
autobiography, from journalism to fiction, from the essay to the novel); and to illustrate the
way in which generic expectations influence both the selection of texts for translation and
the strategies adopted when translating and marketing them for a new audience.
The writings of twentieth-century Italian explorers to Tibet, and their translations
into English, constitute a significant case of adaptation of foreign texts to the needs and
expectations of a British audience (and to the British interests in the geographical area
concerned).
The works of Oriana Fallaci and their different reception in Italy with respect to the
UK and the USA illustrate the way in which personal biography and generic choices can
intersect, determining both the popular image and the critical success of an author and of
her work.
Calvino's choice to sublimate the genre of travel writing in the stylized fiction of Le
citta invisibili is treated as an example of the way in which a text which is meant to provide
an escape from a low-status genre can become an icon of that same genre once it is
translated and read in a different cultural context.
Finally, the case of Claudio Magris's Danubio and of its English-language
translation provides evidence of the complex network of literary references which marks the
reception of a text in different cultures, and of the way in which generic affiliation can both
promote the recognition of a 'marginal' text and constrain its more idiosyncratic (and
original) characteristics
Reading the double diaspora: cultural representations of Gujarati East Africans in Britain
No full textThis thesis explores representations of culture amongst the prolific twice-displaced Gujarati East African diaspora in Britain. I argue that the paucity of fictional literatures written about, or by, this community demonstrate that the ‘double diaspora’ often favour forms of embodied narrative. Using the literary critical interpretive practices of close reading, I thus analyse a range of cultural ‘texts’. Through this approach of investigating both the written text alongside the nontextual
embodied narrative, the thesis broadens the remit of literary studies and subsequently addresses a lacuna in scholarship on cultural representations of the
‘double diaspora’. Whilst the thesis intervenes in contemporary literary postcolonial debate, interdisciplinary connections between diverse disciplines, such as performance, trauma and diaspora studies, are established.
Following my introduction, the thesis is divided into three main chapters: each considers a form of embodied cultural representation significant to the migrant who has been displaced from India to Britain, via East Africa. Beginning with Yasmin Alibhai-Brown’s The Settler’s Cookbook – one of the few examples of a written representation of twice-migrant culture – I explore culinary practices as a
mode of individuated and collective identity articulation. In my third chapter, I develop my argument to read the Gujarati dances of dandiya-raas and garba, played
during the Hindu festival of Navratri. Finally, before concluding, the fourth chapter moves to explore visual materials gathered from personal kinship networks.
In identifying embodied narratives as significant to the double diaspora, my thesis uncovers the performance of complex and multiple selfhoods and collectivities
within this community. Whilst there are instances of a surprising convergence of modern and traditional identities, there is too the emergence of an Indian national
identity, which is complicated by regional Gujaratiness. In closing, I propose a Gujarati East African vernacular modernity, which demonstrates how this progressdriven
diaspora simultaneously looks in two directions
Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure
No full textBACKGROUND The selective cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil has been shown to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown. METHODS We randomly assigned 8256 patients (inpatients and outpatients) with symptomatic chronic heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less to receive omecamtiv mecarbil (using pharmacokinetic-guided doses of 25 mg, 37.5 mg, or 50 mg twice daily) or placebo, in addition to standard heart-failure therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of a first heart-failure event (hospitalization or urgent visit for heart failure) or death from cardiovascular causes. RESULTS During a median of 21.8 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 1523 of 4120 patients (37.0%) in the omecamtiv mecarbil group and in 1607 of 4112 patients (39.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 0.99; P = 0.03). A total of 808 patients (19.6%) and 798 patients (19.4%), respectively, died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.11). There was no significant difference between groups in the change from baseline on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score. At week 24, the change from baseline for the median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level was 10% lower in the omecamtiv mecarbil group than in the placebo group; the median cardiac troponin I level was 4 ng per liter higher. The frequency of cardiac ischemic and ventricular arrhythmia events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection, those who received omecamtiv mecarbil had a lower incidence of a composite of a heart-failure event or death from cardiovascular causes than those who received placebo. (Funded by Amgen and others; GALACTIC-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02929329; EudraCT number, 2016 -002299-28.)
Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure
No full textBackground:
The selective cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil has been shown to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown.
Methods:
We randomly assigned 8256 patients (inpatients and outpatients) with symptomatic chronic heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less to receive omecamtiv mecarbil (using pharmacokinetic-guided doses of 25 mg, 37.5 mg, or 50 mg twice daily) or placebo, in addition to standard heart-failure therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of a first heart-failure event (hospitalization or urgent visit for heart failure) or death from cardiovascular causes.
Results:
During a median of 21.8 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 1523 of 4120 patients (37.0%) in the omecamtiv mecarbil group and in 1607 of 4112 patients (39.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 0.99; P=0.03). A total of 808 patients (19.6%) and 798 patients (19.4%), respectively, died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.11). There was no significant difference between groups in the change from baseline on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score. At week 24, the change from baseline for the median N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide level was 10% lower in the omecamtiv mecarbil group than in the placebo group; the median cardiac troponin I level was 4 ng per liter higher. The frequency of cardiac ischemic and ventricular arrhythmia events was similar in the two groups.
Conclusions:
Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection, those who received omecamtiv mecarbil had a lower incidence of a composite of a heart-failure event or death from cardiovascular causes than those who received placebo. (Funded by Amgen and others; GALACTIC-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02929329. opens in new tab; EudraCT number, 2016-002299-28. opens in new tab.
Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3
No full textWe report on the population properties of 76 compact binary mergers detectedwith gravitational waves below a false alarm rate of 1 per year through GWTC-3.The catalog contains three classes of binary mergers: BBH, BNS, and NSBHmergers. We infer the BNS merger rate to be between 10 and 1700 and the NSBH merger rate to be between 7.8 and 140 , assuming a constantrate density versus comoving volume and taking the union of 90% credibleintervals for methods used in this work. Accounting for the BBH merger rate toevolve with redshift, we find the BBH merger rate to be between 17.9 and 44 at a fiducialredshift (z=0.2). We obtain a broad neutron star mass distribution extendingfrom to . We canconfidently identify a rapid decrease in merger rate versus component massbetween neutron star-like masses and black-hole-like masses, but there is noevidence that the merger rate increases again before 10 . We also findthe BBH mass distribution has localized over- and under-densities relative to apower law distribution. While we continue to find the mass distribution of abinary's more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primarymass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above . The rate of BBH mergers is observed to increase with redshift at arate proportional to with for. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spinmagnitudes below . We observe evidence of negative alignedspins in the population, and an increase in spin magnitude for systems withmore unequal mass ratio.<br
Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials
No full textAims:
The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials.
Methods and Results:
Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594).
Conclusions:
GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation
