210 research outputs found
СУТНІСТЬ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРАКТИЧНОЇ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТЕОРІЇ ПОСТКОНФЛІКТНОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ
No full textПредметом даного дослідження є з’ясування сутності, форм і методів практичної реалізації основних положень теорії постконфліктного економічного відновлення з метою обґрунтування політичних та економічних рекомендацій для їх використання у процесі повоєнної відбудови і реконструкції України. Визначено головні складові, закономірності, принципи, механізми та особливості організації процесів постконфліктного відновлення, охарактеризовано специфічні умови та етапи його проведення, а також головні напрями діяльності урядів і міжнародних організацій. З’ясовано проблеми та недоліки у проведенні повоєнних реформ, які призводять до непослідовності в їх реалізації та уповільнення темпів. Розроблено рекомендації, які можуть бути використанні органами державної влади в процесі реалізації Плану повоєнного відновлення України з метою підвищення рівня організації та управління процесами відбудови
Hot electron-driven electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction on metal–semiconductor nanodiode electrodes
No full text© 2019, The Author(s). Hot electrons generated on metal catalysts influence atomic and molecular processes, leading to hot electron-driven catalytic reactions. Here, we show the acceleration of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution caused by internal injection of hot electrons on Pt/Si metal–semiconductor electrodes. When a forward bias voltage is applied to the Pt/Si contact, hot electrons are injected. The excess energy of these electrons allows them to reach the Pt/electrolyte interface and reduce the adsorbed hydrogen ions to form H 2 (2H + + 2e − →H 2 ). We show that the onset potential of the hydrogen evolution reaction shifts positively by 160 mV while the cathodic current exhibits an 8-fold increase in the presence of hot electrons. The effect disappears when the thickness of the Pt film exceeds the mean free path of the hot electrons. The concept of a hot electron-driven reaction can lead to the development of a novel mechanism for controlling reactivity at liquid–solid interface
РОЛЬ ТЕОРІЙ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ У ФОРМУВАННІ ФІНАНСОВИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ
No full textAccelerating post-war economic recovery processes in Ukraine requires a profound rethinking of the theoretical foundations of economic growth and the development of financial mechanisms capable of ensuring sustainable, inclusive, and technology-oriented development. This study presents a systematic analysis of classical and contemporary theories that underpin key principles of economic growth–including Keynesianism, neoliberalism, institutionalism, endogenous and exogenous growth models, sustainable development, and digital transformation–with the aim of identifying their practical relevance and potential applicability in shaping a strategic model and financial mechanisms for post-war recovery and reconstruction of the national economy. Through a creative reinterpretation of core theoretical concepts and the comprehensive application of comparative analysis, systematization, logical generalization, and expert evaluation methods, the research identifies the main factors influencing the effectiveness of economic policy in the context of post-conflict transformation. Special attention is given to the role of state institutions, investment in human capital, innovation, digitalization, and ecological modernization. The study substantiates the need to combine market incentives with institutional reforms to ensure a balance between economic efficiency, social equity, and environmental sustainability. It outlines pathways for integrating theoretical insights into national financial policy, particularly through fiscal stimulus mechanisms, support for innovative enterprises, development of digital infrastructure, and the implementation of green projects. The research demonstrates that a modern model of economic growth must be interdisciplinary, adaptive to global challenges, and capable of delivering long-term stability. The proposed approaches can be utilized by public authorities to inform strategic decisions in economic planning, financial regulation, and institutional modernization throughout Ukraine’s post-war recovery process.У статті розкрито сутність класичних і сучасних теорій економічного зростання та визначено їх роль у формуванні фінансових механізмів повоєнного відновлення України. На основі творчого переосмислення положень кейнсіанства, неолібералізму, інституціоналізму, теорій ендогенного та екзогенного зростання, сталого розвитку і цифрової трансформації здійснено комплексний аналіз потенційної можливості їх використання в умовах структурної перебудови економіки. Визначено ключові чинники, що забезпечують ефективну організацію процесів реконструкції, модернізації та довгострокового розвитку. Обґрунтовано необхідність поєднання ринкових механізмів з інституційними реформами, інвестиціями в людський капітал, інновації та цифровізацію. Охарактеризовано ризики та виклики реалізації окремих концепцій, а також запропоновано стратегічні підходи до інтеграції їхніх теоретичних положень у державні документи з метою розробки фінансових механізмів. Визначено напрями формування стійкої, інклюзивної та технологічно орієнтованої моделі економічного зростання України
Liquid-phase catalytic reactor combined with measurement of hot electron flux and chemiluminescence
No full textUnderstanding the role of electronically nonadiabatic interactions during chemical reactions on metal surfaces in liquid media is of great importance for a variety of applications including catalysis, electrochemistry, and environmental science. Here, we report the design of an experimental apparatus for detection of the highly excited (hot) electrons created as a result of nonadiabatic energy transfer during the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on thin-film metal-semiconductor nanodiodes. The apparatus enables the measurement of hot electron flows and related phenomena (e.g., surface chemiluminescence) as well as the corresponding reaction rates at different temperatures. The products of the chemical reaction can be characterized in the gaseous phase by means of gas chromatography. The combined measurement of hot electron flux, catalytic activity, and light emission can lead to a fundamental understanding of the elementary processes occurring during the heterogeneous catalytic reaction. © 2016 Author(s)1331sciescopu
The growth function of the adding machine
No full textWe compute the growth function of the generalized adding machine and show that its generating function is not algebraic.The author would like to thank his advisor Ievgen Bondarenko for his help, guidance and time spent during discussions and corrections of this article
The growth function of the adding machine
No full textWe compute the growth function of the generalized adding machine and show that its generating function is not algebraic.The author would like to thank his advisor Ievgen Bondarenko for his help, guidance and time spent during discussions and corrections of this article
The growth function of the adding machine
No full textWe compute the growth function of the generalized adding machine and show that its generating function is not algebraic.The author would like to thank his advisor Ievgen Bondarenko for his help, guidance and time spent during discussions and corrections of this article
Interpretation theories in Ukrainian courts — Past and present
No full textThe article is devoted to the analysis of the issue of legal interpretation, and in particular to its aspect of being an art, and the way the three main interpretation theories fit into the artistic concept of interpretation. This concept is also used to analyze the state of legal interpretation conducted by Ukrainian courts, as well as tendencies of its development. The author first provides a brief overview of the concept of interpretation generally, and legal interpretation particularly. Then he elaborates briefly on the issue of the artistic nature of interpretation as a skill of a human being. This is followed by an analysis of the Ukrainian legal system supported by the example of a recent case, and the author concludes with his ideas on the working practical combination of the theories of interpretation to be beneficial for both the Ukrainian and other legal systems
Деякі міркування про постправду в праві
No full textThe article presents an attempt of the author to address the issue of post-truth in the legal reality. It tries to cover the issues of post-truth genesis as a term, its interrelation within philosophical, religious, journalistic discourse, and its essence and role in law. The author concludes that post-truth cannot be viewed as a newly established term and that it has continuously been used before. It has been used by different ancient nations’ educated citizens, and continued on with being used by religious leaders and European philosophers afterwards. The idea of post-truth can be traced in most classic philosophic works, and it keeps getting attention by legal, philological, and philosophical researchers, as well as the researchers in other fields. Post-truth is currently one of the most addressed topics around the world due to its tight links with the current highly debatable political occurrences (annexation of Ukrainian Crimea, subsequent military operations in Eastern Ukraine, Brexit, recent United States’ presidential elections, as well as many other aspects being clear only to a certain point. The main goal of post-truth as a term is to divert the attention of its object from applying rational decision making to applying emotional decision making even if one is not fully substituted by the other. It urges the object to be guided by emotions more than by common sense and rational choice while it does not fully dwell on emotions thus leaving room for certain rational choice decisions made under strict control of the newly created reality it is a basis of. This reality is also not a unique accomplishment. Virtual reality has been a subject of research for the whole of human history. It was well addressed by religious leaders (and still is), by scientists, psychologists, novelists, medical researchers, journalists, philosophers, as well as lawyers. The article specifically focuses on the role of post-truth in law, and makes a conclusion that this term is not new for law and legal practice, while there is a long evidence of post-truth ideas having been used in almost all court hearings, and by almost all participants. The article also points out the fact that due to its long history of co-existence with post-truth, law has developed a comprehensive set of borderlines partly aimed at dealing with post-truth negative outcome. It includes legal norms, procedural norms, legal knowledge, and common sense. The article also stresses the fact that posttruth methods may not always be used in a negative context. It is not uncommon of post-truth methods to have outcome positive for society or for certain individuals.Article received 13.05.2018Статтю присвячено роздумам про актуальне на сьогодні поняття постправди у всій різноманітності його сприйняття. Автор робить спроби оцінити його з погляду релігії, журналістики та передусім права. Здійснено аналіз історії виникнення явища, його позитивних та негативних характеристик, а також подано рекомендації щодо боротьби з його можливими негативними проявами.Матеріал надійшов 13.05.201
FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF FINANCIAL METAVERSE PLATFORMS
No full textAn important direction in the formation and development of a decentralized economy is the creation of a financial metaverse as a hybrid physical-virtual ecosystem, based on a combination of centralized and decentralized mechanisms of financial market activity. This article aims to reveal the features of the formation and functioning of digital financial platforms to ensure effective financial services for metaverse users, considering the benefits and drawbacks of using individual types and forms of digital money.
Based on a comparative analysis, the authors identify the main technological and economic properties, competitive advantages and disadvantages of individual types and forms of digital money in the metaverse’s payment and financial systems, taking into account potential economic and social consequences. This promotes a balanced approach to selecting financial services instruments for metaverse users. The decentralized nature of the financial metaverse, combined with centralized monetary systems and financial markets, deepens our understanding of how digital financial ecosystems function and how business operates in the virtual space. The authors argue that the centralization degree of financial services for metaverse users depends on the level of regulation of the circulation and use of digital currencies. The practical focus is on developing a tentative organizational structure for the financial metaverse, justifying potential models for digital financial platforms, and providing recommendations for using CBDCs for financial services in the metaverse. The conclusions and recommendations formulated in the article can be used in making political and regulatory decisions to form and develop financial metaverse platforms
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