907 research outputs found
Association of overweight with increased risk of coronary heart disease partly independent of blood pressure and cholesterol levels: A meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies including more than 300 000 persons
No full textRik P. Bogers, Wanda J. E. Bemelmans, Rudolf T. Hoogenveen, Hendriek C. Boshuizen, Mark Woodward, Paul Knekt, Rob M. van Dam, Frank B. Hu, Tommy L. S. Visscher, Alessandro Menotti, Roland J. Thorpe Jr, Konrad Jamrozik, Susanna Calling, Bjørn Heine Strand, Martin J. Shipley for the BMI-CHD Collaboration Investigator
Parametric study of EEG sensitivity to phase noise during face processing
No full text<b>Background: </b>
The present paper examines the visual processing speed of complex objects, here faces, by mapping the relationship between object physical properties and single-trial brain responses. Measuring visual processing speed is challenging because uncontrolled physical differences that co-vary with object categories might affect brain measurements, thus biasing our speed estimates. Recently, we demonstrated that early event-related potential (ERP) differences between faces and objects are preserved even when images differ only in phase information, and amplitude spectra are equated across image categories. Here, we use a parametric design to study how early ERP to faces are shaped by phase information. Subjects performed a two-alternative force choice discrimination between two faces (Experiment 1) or textures (two control experiments). All stimuli had the same amplitude spectrum and were presented at 11 phase noise levels, varying from 0% to 100% in 10% increments, using a linear phase interpolation technique. Single-trial ERP data from each subject were analysed using a multiple linear regression model.
<b>Results: </b>
Our results show that sensitivity to phase noise in faces emerges progressively in a short time window between the P1 and the N170 ERP visual components. The sensitivity to phase noise starts at about 120–130 ms after stimulus onset and continues for another 25–40 ms. This result was robust both within and across subjects. A control experiment using pink noise textures, which had the same second-order statistics as the faces used in Experiment 1, demonstrated that the sensitivity to phase noise observed for faces cannot be explained by the presence of global image structure alone. A second control experiment used wavelet textures that were matched to the face stimuli in terms of second- and higher-order image statistics. Results from this experiment suggest that higher-order statistics of faces are necessary but not sufficient to obtain the sensitivity to phase noise function observed in response to faces.
<b>Conclusion: </b>
Our results constitute the first quantitative assessment of the time course of phase information processing by the human visual brain. We interpret our results in a framework that focuses on image statistics and single-trial analyses
Excitation and dissociation of 3-chloro-3-methyldiazirine and 1-pyrazoline by low-energy electron impact
No full textPT: J; CR: BATES DR, 1950, PHILOS T R SOC LON A, V243, P93 BRIDGE MR, 1969, J CHEM SOC A, P91 BUBERT H, 1971, J PHYS CHEM-US, V75, P769 CRAWFORD RJ, 1965, J AM CHEM SOC, V87, P3023 CRAWFORD RJ, 1966, J AM CHEM SOC, V88, P3959 DOERING JP, 1965, J CHEM PHYS, V42, P395 FINN TG, 1972, J CHEM PHYS, V56, P5632 FUKUI I, 1977, J PHYS CHEM, V81, P1252 FUKUI K, 1972, B CHEM SOC JPN, V45, P2278 FUKUI K, 1975, SHITSURYO BUNSEKI, V23, P105 GRAHAM WH, 1965, J AM CHEM SOC, V87, P4396 HOLLAND RF, 1972, J CHEM PHYS, V56, P5229 KNOWLTON JW, 1949, J RES NBS, V43, P113 LAIDLER KJ, 1955, CHEM KINETICS EXCITE, P21 LAUFER A, 1972, J PHYS CHEM-US, V76, P3504 LIU MTH, 1974, CHEM ENG NEWS 0909, P3 MASSEY HSW, 1931, P R SOC LOND A-CONTA, V132, P605 OCHKUR VI, 1964, SOV PHYS JETP, V18, P503 OPPENHEIMER JR, 1928, PHYS REV, V32, P361 PENNEY WG, 1932, PHYS REV, V39, P467 ROSENSTOCK HM, 1977, J PHYS CHEM REF D S1, V6 VROOM DA, 1969, J CHEM PHYS, V50, P573; NR: 22; TC: 4; J9: J PHYS CHEM; PG: 4; GA: KS409Source type: Electronic(1
The effects of acute temperature change on smooth muscle contractility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) intestine
No full textThe effects of altered temperature in vivo on in vitro smooth muscle contractility of rainbow trout intestine were investigated. Initial analysis of the data revealed a seasonal variation in the maximal tension of intestinal smooth muscle attainable with 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), carbachol, KCl, and transmural stimulation in vitro. Peaks occurred in spring and troughs in autumn. There was no seasonal cycling of the potency of the stimulants. All data regarding the efficacy of the stimulants were subsequently corrected for seasonal variation. The response of smooth muscle depends on the temperature of the water in which the fish are placed (2-degrees-C-20-degrees-C). There was a marked linear increase in efficacy and a slight increase in potency of the stimulants with increasing temperature. Changes in responsiveness of the intestinal smooth muscle occurred within 30 min of moving the fish between tanks. Smooth muscle reactivity returned to pretreatment values by 48h. Any changes in responsiveness with regards to time were unlikely to be as a consequence of water temperature, but may have been a result of handling stress.PT: J; CR: ALOIA RC, 1989, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V988, P123 BRINK C, 1981, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V217, P592 BURKA JF, 1989, CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM, V67, P477 BURKA JF, 1990, CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM, V68, P700 BURKA JF, 1992, AQUACULTURE, V100, P321 BURKA JF, 1992, P CAN FED BIOL SCI, V35, P118 BURNSTOCK G, 1958, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V141, P35 BURNSTOCK G, 1959, Q J MICROSC SCI, V100, P199 CARPENTER JR, 1986, J PHARMACOL METHOD, V15, P283 COOK DA, 1977, FED PROC, V36, P2584 DARNELL J, 1990, MOL CELL BIOL DUSTON J, 1986, FISH PHYSIOL, V2, P35 EALES JG, 1991, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V48, P2443 ELLIOTT JM, 1981, STRESS FISH, P209 GREENE DHS, 1987, PROG LIPID RES, V26, P53 HAYNES RC, 1990, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR, P1431 HENDERSON RJ, 1987, PROG LIPID RES, V26, P281 KENAKIN TP, 1987, PHARM ANAL DRUG RECE KITAZAWA T, 1989, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V98, P781 KITCHEN I, 1984, TXB IN VITRO PRACTIC MAZEAUD MM, 1981, STRESS FISH, P49 PICKERING AD, 1982, J FISH BIOL, V20, P229 PICKERING AD, 1991, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V83, P86 PROSSER CL, 1991, ENV METABOLIC ANIMAL, P109 SIZER IW, 1943, ADV ENZYMOL REL S BI, V3, P35 THORPE JE, 1987, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V65, P19 WOLOWYK MW, 1987, J THERM BIOL, V12, P87; NR: 27; TC: 3; J9: FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM; PG: 8; GA: LV168Source type: Electronic(1
Hippocampal activation for autobiographical memories over the entire lifetime in healthy aged subjects: An fMRI study
No full textInternational audienceWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the cerebral structures required during the recollection of episodic autobiographical memories according to 5 time periods covering the whole lifespan to test the 2 concurring models of memory consolidation, which propose either a temporary (standard model) or a permanent (multiple-trace model) role of the hippocampus in episodic memory retrieval. The experimental paradigm was specially designed to engage subjects (67.17 +/- 5.22 years old) in the retrieval of episodic autobiographical memories, whatever the time period, from personally relevant cues selected by questioning a family member. Moreover, the nature of the memories was checked at debriefing by means of behavioral measures to control the degree of episodicity. Behavioral data showed that recollected memories were characterized by specificity and details whatever their remoteness. Main neuroimaging data (Statistical Parametric Mapping 99) revealed the activation of a network including the left superior frontal gyri, bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate and lingual gyri, left angular gyrus, and left hippocampus, although the subtraction analyses detected subtle differences between certain time periods. Small volume correction centered on the hippocampus detected left hippocampal activation for all time periods and additional right hippocampal activation for the intermediate periods. Further confirmation was provided by using a 3-way analysis of variance on blood oxygen level-dependent values, which revealed hippocampal activation whatever the time interval. The present data challenge the standard model of memory consolidation and support the multiple-trace model, instead. The comparison with previous literature stresses the idea that a bilateral involvement of the hippocampus characterizes rich episodic autobiographical memory recollection
Post-typhoon prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder in a Vietnamese sample
No full textIn 2006, typhoon Xangsane disrupted a multiagency health needs study of 4,982 individuals in Vietnam. Following this disaster, 798 of the original participants were reinterviewed to determine prevalence and risk factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), panic disorder (PD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Posttyphoon prevalences were PTSD 2.6%, MDD 5.9%, PD 9.3%, and GAD 2.2%. Of those meeting criteria for a disorder, 70% reported only one disorder, 15% had two, 14% had three, and 1% met criteria for all four disorders. Risk factors for posttyphoon psychopathology differed among disorders, but generally were related to high typhoon exposure, prior trauma exposure, and in contrast to Western populations, higher age, but not gender
Da ideia de infância em Jean-Jacques Rousseau ou do "sono da razão"
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciencias da Educação. Programa de Pós-Graduação em EducaçãoOs pensamentos expostos no século XVIII pelo genebrino Jean-Jacques Rousseau influenciaram de maneira decisiva a forma como o Ocidente passou a perceber a infância. Este autor provocou uma verdadeira divisão de águas ao publicar Emílio ou Da Educação (1762). Com este feito, mais que balançar os alicerces educacionais da época, ele delega à criança um lugar no mundo. A infância passa a ter um valor em si mesma, e a ser vista como etapa fundamental na constituição humana. Ao destacar este período da vida, além de romper definitivamente com o que vigorava em seu tempo, no qual a criança era tida como um erro passageiro - um infante (aquele que não fala); um "adulto em miniatura"; ou mero objeto de paparicação e prazer - Jean-Jacques cria uma ótica inovadora de conceber a criança. Dizia que: "A natureza quer que as crianças sejam crianças antes de serem homens." Ao elaborar um conceito de infância, Rousseau afirma que "a infância é o sono da razão". O que nos surpreende devido este autor ter vivido em pleno "Século das Luzes", justamente quando a razão era evocada como o guia seguro para o pensamento e para ação em todas as idades. Ao contrário do que possa parecer, Rousseau não desmerece o período infantil, associando-o à escuridão ou a inferioridade primeira da humanidade. Ele é considerado o "inventor da infância". Retomar pensamentos que versam sobre essas ideias rousseaunianas, inaugurais da concepção moderna de Infância, por meio de pesquisa teórica, é o objetivo traçado aqui, com intuito de avançar nas compreensões estabelecidas em torno das contribuições de Jean-Jacques Rousseau para temática em exame.The thoughts exposed in the eighteenth century by the genevan, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, influenced in a decisive way the West has to realize his childhood. This author has caused a real division of the waters or publish Emile, or On Education (1762). With this done more than shake the foundations of educational time, it leaves the child a place in the world. The child is given a value in itself, and be seen as key step in the human constitution. By highlighting this period of life, and the final break with that which prevailed in his time, in which the child was seen as a mistake passenger - an infant (who does not speak), a "miniature adult" or mere object of pampering and pleasure - Jean-Jacques creates a new perspective to conceive a child. He said: "Nature wants children to be children before being men." In developing a concept of childhood, Rousseau says that "childhood is the sleep of reason". What surprises us because this author has lived in the middle of "Age of Enlightenment", just when the reason was mentioned as the sure guide for thought and action in all ages. Contrary to what may seem, Rousseau does not diminish the infantile period, associating him to the darkness or the inferiority of humanity first. He is considered the "inventor of childhood." Resume thoughts that talk about these ideas Rousseau, the inaugural modern conception of childhood, through theoretical research, stroke is the goal here, with the aim to advance the understandings established around the contributions of Jean-Jacques Rousseau to thematic examination
First observation of Bs → J/ψf0(980) decays
No full textUsing data collected with the LHCb detector in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, the hadronic decay is observed. This CP eigenstate mode could be used to measure mixing-induced CP violation in the system. Using a fit to the π+π− mass spectrum with interfering resonances gives . In the interval ±90 MeV around 980 MeV, corresponding to approximately two full f0 widths we also find , where in both cases the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively
An evaluation of ‘Families for Health’ : a new family-based intervention for the management of childhood obesity
No full textObjectives - To develop and pilot a community-based family programme,
‘Families for Health’, for intervention with overweight and obese children aged
7-11 years.
Intervention – ‘Families for Health’ is a 12-week programme, with parallel
groups for parents and children, combining support for parenting, lifestyle
change, as well as social & emotional development.
Design of the Evaluation – Pilot study using mixed-methods comprising:
process evaluation; outcome evaluation involving a ‘before and after’ evaluation
and triangulation with interview data; economic evaluation (cost-outcome
description); users and providers perspectives.
Setting – Leisure Centre, Coventry, England
Participants – 27 overweight or obese children aged 7-13 years (18 girls, 9
boys) and their parents, from 21 families.
Process Evaluation – Two groups were run, and were delivered as planned.
Recruitment was difficult, although most effective via the media. Attendance
rate was 62%, with 18(67%) children completing the programme.
Outcome Evaluation – Primary outcome was change in the BMI z-score from
baseline. For 22 children with follow-up data, BMI z-score was significantly
reduced by -0.18 (95% CI -0.30 to -0.05, p=0.008) at the end of the programme,
and was sustained to 9-months (-0.21) and 2-years (-0.23). There were also
significant improvements in the children’s quality-of-life, eating and activity
environment, child-parent relationships and parent’s mental health. Fruit and
vegetable consumption, participation in moderate/vigorous exercise, and
children’s self-esteem did not change significantly. Interview data illustrated the
changes made by the families, particularly to their eating environment.
User and Provider Perspectives – The group-based parenting approach was
received well, providing the ‘tools’ for parents to become ‘agents of change’ in
the family. Suggested changes to the programme include providing follow-up
sessions and a greater focus on physical activity.
Economic Evaluation - Costs to run ‘Families for Health’ were £517 per family
or £402 per child, in-line with other group-based obesity management or
parenting interventions.
Conclusion - ‘Families for Health’ is a promising new intervention for the
management of childhood obesity
Thermal preference and activity thresholds in populations of Argia-Vivida (Odonata, Coenagrionidae) from habitats with different thermal regimes
No full textID: 5215; PT: J; DT: Article; C1: UNIV CALGARY,DEPT BIOL,2500 UNIV DR NW,CALGARY T2N 1N4,ALBERTA,CANADA.; CR: CHAPMAN RF, 1982, INSECTS STRUCTURE FU COUTANT CC, 1977, J FISH RES BOARD CAN, V34, P739 COWLES RB, 1944, B AM MUS NAT HIST, V83, P265 DEAL J, 1941, J ANIM ECOL, V10, P323 FRAENKEL GS, 1940, ORIENTATION ANIMALS FRY FEJ, 1947, PUBL ONTARIO FISH RE, V68, P1 GARTEN CT, 1976, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V49, P206 GAUFIN AR, 1972, RM7245 U UT PROGR RE HALL LW, 1978, J FISH RES BOARD CAN, V35, P1464 HOCHACHKA PW, 1973, STRATEGIES BIOCH ADA IVANOVA LV, 1940, MED PARASITOLOGY MOS, V9, P58 KEISTER M, 1974, PHYSL INSECTA, V6 LEGGOTT M, 1985, CAN J ZOOL, V63, P2578 LEGGOTT MA, 1984, THESIS U CALGARY LINLEY JR, 1971, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V14, P319 MAGNUSON JJ, 1979, AM ZOOL, V19, P331 MARTIN WJ, 1974, USAEC730505 NAT TECH MAY ML, 1976, ECOL MONOGR, V46, P1 MAY ML, 1977, ECOLOGY, V58, P787 MAY ML, 1979, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V24, P313 OMARDEEN JA, 1957, B ENT RES, V48, P349 PATTEE E, 1955, B BIOL FR BELG, V4, P370 PRECHT H, 1973, TEMPERATURE LIFE PRITCHARD G, 1982, ADV ODONATOLOGY, V1, P227 PROSSER CL, 1973, COMP ANIMAL PHYSL REYNOLDS WW, 1979, AM ZOOL, V19, P211 SCHOTT RJ, 1980, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V61, P261 SHELLY TE, 1982, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V55, P335 SWEENEY BW, 1978, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V23, P461 SWEENEY BW, 1978, SCIENCE, V200, P444 VANNOTE RL, 1980, AM NAT, V115, P667 WIGGLESWORTH VB, 1972, PRINCIPLES INSECT PH; NR: 32; TC: 3; PA: SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS; J9: HYDROBIOLOGIA; PG: 8; GA: E6653; UT: ISI:A1986E665300008Source type: Print(0)http://ecommons.uwinnipeg.ca/archive/00000037
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