42,277 research outputs found
FOXM1 coming of age: Time for translation into clinical benefits?
No full textA decade since the first evidence implicating the cell cycle transcription factor FOXM1 in human tumourigenesis, a slew of subsequent studies revealed an oncogenic role of FOXM1 in the majority of human cancers including oral, nasopharynx, oropharynx, oesophagus, breast, ovary, prostate, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, colon, brain, cervix, thyroid, bladder, uterus, testis, stomach, skin and blood. Its aberrant upregulation in almost all different cancer types suggests a fundamental role for FOXM1 in tumourigenesis. Its dose-dependent expression pattern correlated well with tumour progression starting from cancer predisposition and initiation, early premalignancy and progression, to metastatic invasion. In addition, emerging studies have demonstrated a causal link between FOXM1 and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Despite the well-established multifaceted roles for FOXM1 in all stages of oncogenesis, its translation into clinical benefit is yet to materialise. In this contribution, I reviewed and discussed how our current knowledge on the oncogenic mechanisms of FOXM1 could be exploited for clinical use as biomarker for risk prediction, early cancer screening, molecular diagnostics/prognostics and/or companion diagnostics for per
THE EFFECT OF GREEN TEA IN REDUCING LIVER INJURY CAUSED BY METHOTREXAT WHICH INDICATED BY THE DECREASING OF ALANINE TRANSAMINASE (ALT) OF BALB/C MICE
Get PDFTHE EFFECT OF GREEN TEA IN REDUCING LIVER INJURY CAUSED BY METHOTREXAT WHICH INDICATED BY THE DECREASING OF ALANINE TRANSAMINASE (ALT) OF BALB/C MICE
Background: Cathecin, polyphenols within green tea has been studied can prevent liver injury, indicating in decreased ALT serum in blood. Methotrexate is an antimetabolite used in certain neoplastic diseases treatment, causes severe side effect as hepatotoxicity, fibrosis. In vivo studies are needed to examine the green tea liver injury-preventive effect that caused by methotrexate.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the consumption of 46.8 mg/ day green tea for 25 days can reduce liver injury which induced with 0.065 mg/ day methotrexate for the last 5 day experiment measured with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test.
Design: Healthy male Balb/c mice (20-30 g body weight, 6-8 wk old) were used. A dose of methotrexate (0.065 mg/ day) was administered orally to induce liver injury and green tea (46.8 mg/ day) was administered orally by orogastric tube. The blood sample was taken on day-32 from plexus venousus retro orbitalis to assess the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
Results: The consuming of 46.8 mg/ day green tea for 25 days not significantly proved prevent liver injury in mice that induced with 0.065 mg/ day methotrexate for the last 5 day experiment. Analysis result was considered not significant.
Conclusions: Analysis result was considered not significant.
Key Words: cathecin • green tea • methotrexate • liver injury • ALT serum
Pengaruh Pemberian Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis) Terhadap Jumlah ALT Mencit Balb/c yang diberi Metotreksat
Latar belakang : Katekin, salah satu dari senyawa polifenol teh hijau telah diteliti dapat menghambat kerusakan hepar yang ditandai dengan penurunan serum ALT di dalam darah. Metotrexat adalah obat antimetabolit yang biasa dipakai dalam pengobatan kanker dengan efek samping hepatotoksik dan fibrosis hepar. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memeriksa efek teh hijau dalam menghambat kerusakan hepar yang disebebkan oleh metotrexat.
Objektif: tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatahui apakah pemberian teh hijau dosis 46,8 mg/hari selama 25 hari dapat menghambat kerusakan hepar pada mencit Balb/c yang beri diberi metotreksat dosis 0,065 mg/hari selama 5 hari terakhir yang dinilai dengan serum ALT.
Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan hewan percobaan mencit sehat umur 6-8 minggu dengan berat 20-30 gram. Metotrexat diberikan 0.065 mg per hari secara oral untuk memberikan efek kerusakan hepar. Sedangkan tehijau diberikan secara oral dengan dosis 46,8 mg per hari. Sampel darah diambil pada hari ke-32 melalui plexus venousus retro orbitalis untuk menghitung serum ALT.
Hasil : Pemberian teh hijau dosis 46,8 mg/hari selama 25 hari tidak terbukti dapat menghambat kerusakan hepar pada mencit Balb/c yang beri diberi metotreksat dosis 0,065 mg/hari selama 5 hari terakhir.
Kesimpulan : Pemberian teh hijau dosis 46,8 mg/hari selama 25 hari tidak terbukti dapat menghambat kerusakan hepar pada mencit Balb/c yang beri diberi metotreksat dosis 0,065 mg/hari selama 5 hari terakhir. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada ketiga kelompok.
Kata kunci : katekin, Teh hijau, metotreksat, kerusakan hepar, serum AL
Measurement of the ratio of prompt χ c to J / ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
Get PDFThe prompt production of charmonium χ c and J / ψ states is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J / ψ mesons are identified through their decays χ c → J / ψ γ and J / ψ → μ + μ - using 36 pb - 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J / ψ, σ (χ c → J / ψ γ) / σ (J / ψ), is determined as a function of the J / ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p T J / ψ < 15 GeV / c. The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a significant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p T J / ψ region
Pengaruh Perbedaan Cara Pengolahan Teh (Teh Hitam Dan Teh Hijau) Terhadap Kadar Taninnya Yang Ditetapkan Secara Permaganometri
Get PDFTeh (Camellia sinensis L.O.K) yang dikenal di Indonesia sebagai minuman, mengandung banyak senyawa kimia antara lain kafein, tanin, minyak atsiri, teobromin, teofilin. Kegunaan teh bagi tubuh manusia sangat banyak terutama tanin salah satu kandungan dari teh yaitu sebagai antidiare, antidotum pada keracunan logam berat dan alkaloid, sebagai astringen, pada penelitian terbaru digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pasta gigi dan anti kanker.
Berdasarkan pengolahannya teh dibedakan menjadi teh hitam (Black tea /
fermented tea), teh hijau (Green tea / Unfermented tea) dan teh oolong (Oolong tea / Semifermented tea).
Pada waktu daun teh diolah menjadi teh hitam dan teh hijau dapat mengalami
perubahan tanin. Pada proses fermentasi akan terjadi proses oksidasi senyawa polifenol (tanin) dengan bantuan enzim polifenol oksidase. Oleh karena itu ingin diketahui pengaruh perbedaan cara pengolahan teh hitam dan teh hijau terhadap kadar tanin dari empat merek teh yang beredar di daerah Tenggilis Mejoyo Surabaya yang ditetapkan secara permanganometri.
Hasil penetapan kadar tanin teh hitam dan teh hijau untuk merek A (11,79 ±
0,14 ; 21,30 ± 0,15) %, merek B (13,05 ± 0,15 ; 23,22 ± 0,27)%, merek C (10,97 ±
0,02 ; 20,80 ± 0,22)%, dan merek D (12,56 ± 0,32 ; 22,23 ± 0,41)%. Selanjutnya
data tersebut dianalisis statistik menggunakan analisis rancangan dua kelompok
pasangan sepadan (Paired t test) dengan derajat kepercayaan α = 0,01. Hasil perhitungan statistik didapat harga t hitung (69,964) > t tabel (5,841) artinya terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar tanin dalam teh hitam dan teh hijau. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut dapat ditarik kesirnpulan bahwa perbedaan cara pengolahan teh menjadi teh hitam dan teh hijau berpengaruh terhadap kadar taninnya, terlihat dari kadar tanin dalam teh hitam dan teh hijau yang berbeda secara bermakna
Lao Tzu, Tao Teh Ching. Translated by John C. H. Wu. Edited by Paul K. T. Sih
No full textSohier A. Lao Tzu, Tao Teh Ching. Translated by John C. H. Wu. Edited by Paul K. T. Sih. In: Revue Philosophique de Louvain. Troisième série, tome 63, n°78, 1965. p. 317
Letter from Carl T. Hayden to C. H. Gensler, Havasupai Reservation
No full textLetter from Carl T. Hayden to C. H. Gensler, Havasupai Indian Reservation, regarding Hualapai and Cataract Canyons geography
Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes across an elevation gradient in the tropical Peruvian Andes
Get PDFThe authors acknowledge the agencies that funded this research; the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; joint grant references NE/H006583, NE/H007849 and NE/H006753) and the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad; via a sub-contract to Yit Arn Teh managed by the Amazon Conservation Association). Pete Smith is a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award holder and Patrick Meir is supported by an Australian Research Council Fellowship (FT110100457).Remote sensing and inverse modelling studies indicate that the tropics emit more CH4 and N2O than predicted by bottom-up emissions inventories, suggesting that terrestrial sources are stronger or more numerous than previously thought. Tropical uplands are a potentially large and important source of CH4 and N2O often overlooked by past empirical and modelling studies. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated spatial, temporal and environmental trends in soil CH4 and N2O fluxes across a long elevation gradient (600-3700 m a.s.l.) in the Kosñipata Valley, in the southern Peruvian Andes, that experiences seasonal fluctuations in rainfall. The aim of this work was to produce preliminary estimates of soil CH4 and N2O fluxes from representative habitats within this region, and to identify the proximate controls on soil CH4 and N2O dynamics. Area-weighted flux calculations indicated that ecosystems across this altitudinal gradient were both atmospheric sources and sinks of CH4 on an annual basis. Montane grasslands (3200–3700 m a.s.l.) were strong atmospheric sources, emitting 56.94 ± 7.81 kg CH4-C haĝ̂'1 yrĝ̂'1. Upper montane forest (2200-3200 m a.s.l.) and lower montane forest (1200-2200 m a.s.l.) were net atmospheric sinks (ĝ̂'2.99 ± 0.29 and ĝ̂'2.34 ± 0.29 kg CH4-C haĝ̂'1 yrĝ̂'1, respectively); while premontane forests (600-1200 m a.s.l.) fluctuated between source or sink depending on the season (wet season: 1.86 ± 1.50 kg CH4-C haĝ̂'1 yrĝ̂'1; dry season: ĝ̂'1.17 ± 0.40 kg CH4-C haĝ̂'1 yr−1). Analysis of spatial, temporal and environmental trends in soil CH4 flux across the study site suggest that soil redox was a dominant control on net soil CH4 flux. Soil CH4 emissions were greatest from habitats, landforms and during times of year when soils were suboxic, and soil CH4 efflux was inversely correlated with soil O2 concentration (Spearman's ρ Combining double low line −0.45,P< 0.0001) and positively correlated with water-filled pore space (Spearman's ρ Combining double low line 0.63,P<0.0001). Ecosystems across the region were net atmospheric N2O sources. Soil N2O fluxes declined with increasing elevation; area-weighted flux calculations indicated that N2O emissions from premontane forest, lower montane forest, upper montane forest and montane grasslands averaged 2.23 ± 1.31, 1.68 ± 0.44, 0.44 ± 0.47 and 0.15 ± 1.10 kg N2O-N haĝ̂'1 yrĝ̂'1, respectively. Soil N2O fluxes from premontane and lower montane forests exceeded prior model predictions for the region. Comprehensive investigation of field and laboratory data collected in this study suggest that soil N2O fluxes from this region were primarily driven by denitrification; that nitrate (NO3−) availability was the principal constraint on soil N2O fluxes; and that soil moisture and water-filled porosity played a secondary role in modulating N2O emissions. Any current and future changes in N management or anthropogenic N deposition may cause shifts in net soil N2O fluxes from these tropical montane ecosystems, further enhancing this emission source.Peer reviewe
A possible mechanism of superconductivity in high-T-c cuprates
No full textThis paper derives a generic T-c formula by using the long-range phase coherence condition in quantum phase fluctuation of the order parameter. Taking the two-local-spin-mediated interaction (TLSMI) proposed by Liu and Chen [Phys. Rev. B 58 (1998) 8812] as a Cooper pair potential, and the T-c formula, this paper explains five basic experimental facts in high-T-c cuprates. The aim of this paper is to show that TLSMI is a possible pairing mechanism of superconductivity in high-T-c cuprates. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Physics, AppliedSCI(E)EI0ARTICLE4276-28434
Memorandum from A. E. Demaray to E. C. Finney
No full textFour letters of correspondence about the purchase of Bright Angel Trail between A. E. Demaray, Acting Director of the Grand Canyon National Park; E. C. Finney, Department of the Interior First Assistant Secretary; Carl T. Hayden, Representative (AZ); and Stephen T. Mather, Director of the National Park Service
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