145 research outputs found
Gene loss and lineage specific restriction-modification systems associated with niche differentiation in the Campylobacter jejuni Sequence Type 403 clonal complex
No full textCampylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse species of bacteria commonly associated with infectious intestinal disease of humans and zoonotic carriage in poultry, cattle, pigs, and other animals. The species contains a large number of distinct clonal complexes that vary from host generalist lineages commonly found in poultry, livestock, and human disease cases to host-adapted specialized lineages primarily associated with livestock or poultry. Here, we present novel data on the ST403 clonal complex of C. jejuni, a lineage that has not been reported in avian hosts. Our data show that the lineage exhibits a distinctive pattern of intralineage recombination that is accompanied by the presence of lineage-specific restriction-modification systems. Furthermore, we show that the ST403 complex has undergone gene decay at a number of loci. Our data provide a putative link between the lack of association with avian hosts of C. jejuni ST403 and both gene gain and gene loss through nonsense mutations in coding sequences of genes, resulting in pseudogene formation
Analysis, interpretation, and the local dimension of economic transformation: What went wrong and why?
No full textTransformation has been put in motion by a variety of both endogenous and exogenous forces. Although not any process was under the control of those countries, their choice of goals and instruments was anyway particularly great, at least theoretically. However, transformation was implemented as a rather narrowly defined and technically circumscribed problem-solving process aiming at applying sound general principles of economics and management to reach well-defined goals. It turned out to generate new problems and resulted in different outcomes in different countries and, within individual countries, in different territories. This paper treats transformation as innovation and considers that it had to deal with different dimensions, including both general principles and local features, opportunities, and constraints, and both analysis based on problem-solving, and interpretation of the new situation. These dimensions should have been managed simultaneously, but failed to do so. The paper provides a general explanation for the failure in managing simultaneously the various components of transformation and considers what the 2008 international crisis has revealed of the implementation of 20 years of transformation.Transformation, Local development, Reform, Analysis, Interpretation, Crisis, Washington Consensus, Innovation
Constraint-Driven Deep Learning for N-k Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow
No full textThe transition to green energy is reshaping the energy landscape, marked by increased integration of renewable energy sources, distributed resources, and the electrification of other energy sectors. These changes challenge grid security, particularly regarding the N-1 security criterion, a crucial factor in preventing blackouts. Furthermore, climate change is contributing to the growing frequency of extreme weather events, which constitute the second major cause of blackouts. As grid complexity keeps on increasing, the need for N-k security, where k lines fail simultaneously, and increased resilience against extreme weather events is becoming increasingly evident. This necessitates studying the security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) problem considering multiple line outages (N-k). Current methods exhibit poor scalability as k increases. In response to the challenge of limited scalability, this thesis proposes a constraint-driven machine learning approach to approximate N-k SCOPFs. The proposed approach relies on the linearized direct current optimal power flow. The approach utilizes a neural network to map power system loads to generator setpoints. A feasibility restoration layer is employed to restore base case infeasible predictions. By incorporating line outage distribution factors (LODFs), all post-contingency flows are computed. The loss function utilized to train the neural network draws inspiration from the penalty function method. Lastly, a copula analysis computes joint outage probabilities for k \textgreater 1 enabling a probabilistic security assessment. The first academic contribution of this thesis is the development of a constraint-driven approach to approximate N-k SCOPFs considering all contingencies using LODFs. The second academic contribution is the formulation of a N-k risk based security criterion, providing an alternative to the current deterministic N-1 security criterion.The approach shows promise in its ability to scale effectively to N-k contingencies. Using LODFs, the approach effectively computes all post-contingency flows for up to k = 3. Moreover, case studies show the constraint-driven approach's effectiveness in identifying violating post-contingency cases, with up to 173 speedups and close to optimal dispatch costs. However, the consideration of N-k contingencies holds combinatorial complexity, and more efficient methods need to be developed for the computation and storage of all LODFs, and for the computation of all post-contingency flows. Additionally, the proposed constraint-driven approach can not enforce any post-contingency constraints, necessitating post-contingency feasibility checks when security against specific contingencies is required. Next, by incorporating probabilities, the approach shows promise in improving power systems security and resilience, but further research is necessary.In this thesis, only line outages are considered. In the future, the approach could be modified to additionally account for other equipment outages (e.g. generator outages). Furthermore, future research could investigate the adoption of this approach in corrective control settings, where it is employed in the restorative phase of a contingency event. Another suggestion is centered around the incorporation of graph neural networks in the proposed approach, which could provide a more scalable alternative to fully connected linear neural networks. Furthermore, more scalable methodologies could be explored to construct the matrix containing all LODFs, and a more scalable methodology for computing all post-contingency flows could be developed. Finally, future work could investigate how to utilize the proposed approach under varying conditions like network topology changes or changing outage probabilities.Double degree in Electrical Engineering and Wind Engineering.European Wind Energy Masters (EWEM)Aerospace EngineeringElectrical Engineerin
First observation of the decay Bs0→K*0K*0
No full textThe first observation of the decay B0s→K∗0K∗0 is reported using 35 pb−1 of data collected by LHCb in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. A total of 49.8±7.5 B0s→(K+π−)(K−π+) events are observed within ±50 MeV/c2 of the B0s mass and 746 MeV/c2 < mKπ < 1046 MeV/c2, mostly coming from a resonant B0s→K∗0K∗0 signal. The branching fraction and the CP-averaged K∗0 longitudinal polarization fraction are measured to be B(B0s→K∗0K∗0)=(2.81±0.46(stat.)±0.45(syst.)±0.34(fs/ fd))×10−5 and fL =0.31±0.12(stat.)±0.04(syst.)
Author Correction: Integrating digital gait data with metabolomics and clinical data to predict outcomes in Parkinson’s disease (npj Digital Medicine, (2024), 7, 1, (235), 10.1038/s41746-024-01236-z)
No full textCorrection to: npj Digital Medicinehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01236-z, published online 06 September 2024 In this article, NCER-PD consortium members Dr. Stefano Sapienza and Prof. Dr. Jochen Klucken meet the authorship criteria. Therefore, their names have been included in the author list. The original article has been corrected.8
Religiosity as self-enhancement: a meta-analysis of the relation between socially desirable responding and religiosity
No full textIn a meta-analysis, the authors test the theoretical formulation that religiosity is a means for self-enhancement. The authors operationalized self-enhancement as socially desirable responding (SDR) and focused on three facets of religiosity: intrinsic,extrinsic, and religion-as-quest. Importantly, they assessed two moderators of the relation between SDR and religiosity. Macrolevel culture reflected countries that varied in degree of religiosity (from high to low: United States, Canada, United Kingdom). Micro-level culture reflected U.S. universities high (christian) versus low (secular) on religiosity. The results were generally consistent with the theoretical formulation. Both macro-level and micro-level culture moderated the relation between SDR and religiosity: This relation was more positive in samples that placed higher value on religiosity (United States > Canada >United Kingdom; christian universities > secular universities). The evidence suggests that religiosity is partly in the service of self-enhancement
Extension operators for smooth functions on compact subsets of the reals
No full text[EN] We introduce sufficient as well as necessary conditions for a compact set K such that there is a continuous linear extension operator from the space of restrictions C-infinity (K) = {F vertical bar(K) : F is an element of C-infinity (R)} to C-infinity (R). This allows us to deal with examples of the form K = {a(n) : n is an element of N} boolean OR{0} for a(n) -> 0 previously considered by Fefferman and Ricci as well as Vogt.The research of all authors was partially supported by GVA AICO/2016/054 . The
research of the second author was partially supported by the project MTM2016-76647-P.Frerick, L.; Jorda Mora, E.; Wengenroth, J. (2020). Extension operators for smooth functions on compact subsets of the reals. Mathematische Zeitschrift. 295(3-4):1537-1552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00209-019-02388-5S153715522953-4Bos, Len P., Milman, Pierre D.: Sobolev–Gagliardo–Nirenberg and Markov type inequalities on subanalytic domains. Geom. Funct. Anal. 5(6), 853–923 (1995)Bierstone, Edward, Milman, Pierre D.: Geometric and differential properties of subanalytic sets. Ann. Math. (2) 147(3), 731–785 (1998)Bierstone, Edward, Milman, Pierre D., Pawłucki, Wiesław: Composite differentiable functions. Duke Math. J. 83(3), 607–620 (1996)DeVore, Ronald A., Lorentz, George G.: Constructive approximation, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften [Fundamental Principles of Mathematical Sciences], vol. 303. Springer, Berlin (1993)Fefferman, Charles: extension by linear operators. Ann. Math. (2) 166(3), 779–835 (2007)Frerick, Leonhard, Jordá, Enrique, Wengenroth, Jochen: Tame linear extension operators for smooth Whitney functions. J. Funct. Anal. 261(3), 591–603 (2011)Frerick, Leonhard, Jordá, Enrique, Wengenroth, Jochen: Whitney extension operators without loss of derivatives. Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 32(2), 377–390 (2016)Fefferman, Charles, Ricci, Fulvio: Some examples of extension by linear operators. Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 28(1), 297–304 (2012)Frerick, Leonhard: Extension operators for spaces of infinite differentiable Whitney jets. J. Reine Angew. Math. 602, 123–154 (2007)Goncharov, Alexander: A compact set without Markov’s property but with an extension operator for -functions. Studia Math. 119(1), 27–35 (1996)Hörmander, Lars: The analysis of linear partial differential operators. I, second ed., Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften [Fundamental Principles of Mathematical Sciences], vol. 256, Springer, Berlin, Distribution theory and Fourier analysis (1990)Malgrange, Bernard: Ideals of differentiable functions, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Studies in Mathematics, No. 3, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay; Oxford University Press, London, (1967)Merrien, Jean: Prolongateurs de fonctions différentiables d’une variable réelle. J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 45, 291–309 (1966)Mitjagin, B.S.: Approximate dimension and bases in nuclear spaces. Uspehi Mat. Nauk 16(4 (100)), 63–132 (1961)Meise, Reinhold, Vogt, Dietmar: Introduction to functional analysis, Oxford Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 2. The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York (1997). Translated from the German by M. S. Ramanujan and revised by the authorsPawłucki, Wiesław: On the algebra of functions -extendable for each finite. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 133(2), 481–484 (2005). (Electronic)Pawłucki, Wiesław, Pleśniak, Wiesław: Extension of functions from sets with polynomial cusps. Studia Math. 88(3), 279–287 (1988)Stein, Elias M.: Singular integrals and differentiability properties of functions, Princeton Mathematical Series, vol. 30. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1970)Tidten, Michael: Fortsetzungen von -Funktionen, welche auf einer abgeschlossenen Menge in definiert sind. Manuscripta Math. 27(3), 291–312 (1979)Vogt, Dietmar: Restriction spaces of . Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 30(1), 65–78 (2014)Vogt, Dietmar, Wagner, Max Josef: Charakterisierung der Quotientenräume von und eine Vermutung von Martineau. Studia Math. 67(3), 225–240 (1980)Wengenroth, Jochen: Derived functors in functional analysis. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1810. Springer, Berlin (2003)Whitney, Hassler: Analytic extensions of differentiable functions defined in closed sets. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 36(1), 63–89 (1934)Whitney, Hassler: On ideals of differentiable functions. Am. J. Math. 70, 635–658 (1948
New governance modes for Germany's financial reporting system
No full textThe question raised in this paper is whether changes over the last 20 years in the German financial accounting system signal a retreat of the nation state from this policy field. Using a comprehensive perspective on accountancy we consider the steps in the accounting process, i.e. standard setting, enforcement and disclosure, and analyse whether significant privatisation tendencies can be observed in accounting, whether and how the state safeguards its scope for interventions in the public interest and how these changes compare to the ongoing globalisation in accounting. We find that changes in all these areas are first of all driven by the application of European legislation, but also by voluntary harmonisation and an increased involvement of private actors. Altogether, a shift towards a (more) societal governance mode can be witnessed. However, the State increases its interventions at the same time by regulating arenas in which it was previously not active. --
Far Infrared FT Spectroscopy of
No full text) M. Carlotti et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 123, 135 (1987)Author Institution: Institute of Optoelectronics, German Aerospace. Research Est.In the framework of atmospheric trace gas Investigations the far infrared spectrum of has been observed with a high resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. In the regime of the vibrational ground state, some 100 new rotational transitions were identified. These date help to improve the rotational constants obtained by Carlotti et al.
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