961 research outputs found
Jacob Viner’s Reminiscences from the New Deal (February 11, 1953)
No full textThis paper presents and reproduces an unpublished oral history interview given by Jacob Viner in 1953. The interview released by Viner for the Columbia Oral History Project gives us a valuable opportunity to throw light on his advisory activity during the New Deal Era. In our introduction we attempt to make a critical appraisal of Viner's reminiscences and to state the contribution they can provide to our general knowledge of the period. In addition, we also attempt to find out some biographical and interpretative elements useful to understand Viner’s own vision and his contribution to important economic policy processes during the New Deal.
De Maiestate / Praeside M. Jacobo Thomasio, Moralis Philosoph. P. P., publice disputabit Johannes Dunte, R. L. Author & Respon: ad diem 9. Septembr. H L. Q. C.
No full textDE MAIESTATE / PRAESIDE M. JACOBO THOMASIO, MORALIS PHILOSOPH. P. P., PUBLICE DISPUTABIT JOHANNES DUNTE, R. L. AUTHOR & RESPON: AD DIEM 9. SEPTEMBR. H L. Q. C.
De Maiestate / Praeside M. Jacobo Thomasio, Moralis Philosoph. P. P., publice disputabit Johannes Dunte, R. L. Author & Respon: ad diem 9. Septembr. H L. Q. C. (1)
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Johann Jacob Sturz e a nova Alemanha nos trópicos
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em HistóriaEstudo bioblibliográfico sobre o personagem Johann Jacob Sturz (l800 - 1877), destacando sua trajetória de vida no Brasil. No trabalho aborda-se seu projeto civilizador, seus ideais humanitários e a invenção de uma Alemanha além-oceano para atender, principalmente, aos interesses expansionistas dos Estados alemães. Sturz produziu uma imensa literatura na qual apresentou críticas à sociedade brasileira e procurou fazer do cargo de Cônsul Geral do Brasil na Prússia, não um refúgio seguro, e sim propor várias reformas, com destaque para a redistribuição de terras, que acreditava atenuar a fronteira entre a civilização e a bárbarie
Urinary porphyrin excretion in hepatitis C infection
No full textA high prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in porphyria cutanea tarda in some populations suggests a close link between viral hepatitis and alteration of porphyrin metabolism. Moreover, there is evidence of a role of porphyrinopathies in hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of our study was to obtain data on the prevalence and patterns of heme metabolism alterations in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Urinary porphyrin excretion was prospectively studied in 100 consecutive outpatients with chronic hepatitis C infection without signs of photosensitivity, using an ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography method. Increased total porphyrin excretion was found in 41 patients, with predominant excretion of coproporphyrins (whole study group: mean 146 mu g/g creatinine, interquartile range 76-186; normal <150), in 10 patients excretion exceeded 300 mu g/g creatinine. In the majority of all patients studied (75/100) an increased ratio of the relatively hydrophobic coproporphyrin isomer I to isomer III was found. In just one case, urinary porphyrin pattern characteristic for chronic hepatic porphyria was present (uroporphyrin > coproporphyrin, heptacarboxyporphyrin III increased) but the total porphyrin excretion was only slightly elevated in this case. In the whole group, total urinary porphyrin excretion correlated well with serum bilirubin and was inversely correlated with albumin and thrombin time. In conclusion, secondary coproporphyrinuria occurs frequently in heptatitis C infection, whereas in Germany, preclinical porphyria cutanea tarda seems to be rare in these patients
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height
No full textMost common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits(1), but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait(2,3). The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways
Author Correction: Environmental variability supports chimpanzee behavioural diversity
No full textThe original version of the Supplementary Information associated with this Article included an incorrect Supplementary Data 1 file, in which three columns (L, M and P) had slightly different variable names from those written in the code. The HTML has been updated to include a corrected version of Supplementary Data 1; the correct version of Supplementary Data 1 can be found as Supplementary Information associated with this Correction.Additional co-authors: Mattia Bessone, Gregory Brazzola, Valentine Ebua Buh, Rebecca Chancellor, Heather Cohen, Charlotte Coupland, Bryan Curran, Emmanuel Danquah, Tobias Deschner, Dervla Dowd, Manasseh Eno-Nku, J. Michael Fay, Annemarie Goedmakers, Anne-Céline Granjon, Josephine Head, Daniela Hedwig, Veerle Hermans, Sorrel Jones, Jessica Junker, Parag Kadam, Mohamed Kambi, Ivonne Kienast, Deo Kujirakwinja, Kevin E. Langergraber, Juan Lapuente, Bradley Larson, Kevin C. Lee, Vera Leinert, Manuel Llana, Sergio Marrocoli, Amelia C. Meier, David Morgan, Emily Neil, Sonia Nicholl, Emmanuelle Normand, Lucy Jayne Ormsby, Liliana Pacheco, Alex Piel, Jodie Preece, Martha M. Robbins, Aaron Rundus, Crickette Sanz, Volker Sommer, Fiona Stewart, Nikki Tagg, Claudio Tennie, Virginie Vergnes, Adam Welsh, Erin G. Wessling, Jacob Willie, Roman M. Wittig, Yisa Ginath Yuh, Klaus Zuberbühler & Hjalmar S. Küh
A pilot study on the role of intravenous Vitamin C, Thiamine and Steroids in the treatment of Sepsis in the ICU, Kathmandu, Nepal
No full textDegree Project, Programme in Medicine “A pilot study on the role of intravenous vitamin C, thiamine and steroids in the treatment of sepsis in the ICU, Kathmandu, Nepal” Author: Jacob Kjellberg, Student of Medicine, 2020 Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy Supervisors: Göran Kurlberg, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy Dr. Subhash P. Acharya, MD, Consultant Intensivist and Clinical Coordinator, TUTH
Background
Sepsis is estimated to cause 5 million deaths from 19 million cases each year making it one of the world’s most deadly disease. In low-income countries, such as Nepal, the mortality rate can be as high as 49%. This pilot study was conducted in at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Current treatment for sepsis consists of aggressive fluid treatment and broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, research has shown that addition of Vitamin C, Thiamine and Steroids might have a positive effect on the outcome.
Objective
To evaluate if a treatment protocol consisting of Vitamin C, Thiamine and Steroids has a positive effect on the outcome for patients in the ICU with sepsis and/or septic shock.
Jacob Kjellberg 2020-02-17
2
Methods
Medical records of patients treated for sepsis and/or septic shock were obtained from the surgical and medical ICU as controls. Patients arriving to the ICU were given a treatment protocol consisting of Vitamin C, Thiamine and Steroids along the standard treatment. In order to compare outcomes, the data from patients receiving the protocol were to be compared with the historical controls treated conventionally.
Results
51 patients were included of whom four had received the treatment protocol. The mean age were 56.7 years. 52.9% of the patients admitted to the ICU were male. 51% of the patients were diagnosed with pneumonia. 43.1% of the patients did not survive.
Conclusion
Due to the limited amount of data in this study, no conclusions can be drawn on Vitamin C, Thiamine and Steroids effect on sepsis. However, previous studies have shown that early administration of Vitamin C, Thiamine and Steroids has a positive effect on the outcome for patients with sepsis and/or septic shock. For patients that has developed severe sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, Vitamin C has no effect on SOFA score. This indicates that early administration of the protocol is necessary to obtain desired effect. More randomised controlled studies must be made to determine the role of Vitamin C in the treatment of sepsis.Sepsis, tidigare kallad blodförgiftning, är en allvarlig sjukdom som drabbar 19 miljoner människor och orsakar fem miljoner dödsfall världen över varje år. Sepsis beror på att kroppen reagerar överdrivet på en infektion vilket innebär att immunförsvaret orsakar skada på de egna organen. Detta kan leda till att patientens blodtryck sjunker på grund av att vätska tränger ut från blodkärlen till vävnaden, och även till lungorna, vilket kan vara dödligt. Idag finns ingen definitiv bot för sepsis, istället ges vätskebehandling direkt i blodet för att höja blodtrycket i kombination med antibiotika som täcker ett stort antal bakterier, så kallad bredspektrumantibiotika. Innan antibiotika ges tas prover och blododlingar för att försöka ta reda på vilken bakterie som ligger bakom infektionen och vilken antibiotika den är känslig för. När provsvaren kommit sätts en antibiotika med smalare spektrum in i syfte att undvika resistensutveckling.
Idag pågår intensiv forskning om nya behandlingar för sepsis. På senaste tiden har C-vitamin fångat forskarnas intresse. Forskning har visat att C-vitamin kan dämpa den kraftiga reaktionen från immunförsvaret och hjälpa till att få undan vätskan ifrån lungorna. De flesta djur kan bilda C-vitamin själva, människan har dock förlorat denna funktion till följd av en förändring i vårt DNA. Detta gör att C-vitamin är en så kallad essentiell vitamin vilket innebär den måste tillföras via kosten.
Jacob Kjellberg 2020-02-17
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I studien har C-vitamin getts till patienter med sepsis eller septisk chock (en allvarlig form av sepsis med bland annat väldigt lågt blodtryck) tillsammans med Tiamin (även kallat vitamin B1) och steroider (även kallat kortison). Tiamin är, precis som C-vitamin, en essentiell vitamin som är viktig för vår ämnesomsättning samt för utvecklingen av fostrets nervsystem. Steroider har en kraftfull dämpande effekt på immunförsvaret och har visats ha en positiv effekt på utkomsten vid sepsis.
Tyvärr fanns inget C-vitamin tillgängligt när studien genomfördes på intensivvårdsavdelningen i Kathmandu, Nepal. Data från patienter som tidigare behandlats för sepsis samlades in och jämfördes med andra studier som gjorts på området. Det har visats att C-vitamin har en positiv effekt på dödligheten i sepsis om det ges tidigt i sjukdomsförloppet och vidare under minst fyra dagar. Mer forskning behövs inom området och flera studier genomförs idag som kommer undersöka C-vitaminets roll i behandlingen för sepsis
Two problems on cycles in random graphs
No full textWe prove three results. First, an old conjecture of Zs. Tuza says that for any graph G, the ratio of the minimum size, τ3(G), of a set of edges meeting all triangles to the maximum size, ν3(G), of an edge-disjoint triangle packing is at most 2. Disproving a conjecture of R. Yuster [40], we show that for any fixed, positive α there are arbitrarily large graphs G of positive density satisfying τ3(G) > (1 − o(1))|G|/2 and ν3(G) < (1 + α)|G|/4. Second, write C(G) for the cycle space of a graph G, Cκ(G) for the subspace of C(G) spanned by the copies of Cκ in G, Tκ for the class of graphs satisfying Cκ(G) = C(G), and Qκ for the class of graphs each of whose edges lies in a Cκ. We prove that for every odd κ ≥ 3 and G = Gn,p, max p Pr(G ∈ Qκ Tκ) → 0; so the Cκ’s of a random graph span its cycle space as soon as they cover its edges. For κ = 3 this was shown in [12]. Third, we extend the seminal van den Berg–Kesten Inequality [9] on disjoint occurrence of two events to a setting with arbitrarily many events, where the quantity of interest is the maximum number that occur disjointly. This provides a handy tool for bounding upper tail probabilities for event counts in a product probability space.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Jacob D. Baro
Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
No full textMultiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis
No full textUsing the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 potentially associated regions (P < 1.0 × 10−4). In a replication phase, we combined these data with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from an independent 14,802 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 26,703 healthy controls. In these 80,094 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 48 new susceptibility variants (P < 5.0 × 10−8), 3 of which we found after conditioning on previously identified variants. Thus, there are now 110 established multiple sclerosis risk variants at 103 discrete loci outside of the major histocompatibility complex. With high-resolution Bayesian fine mapping, we identified five regions where one variant accounted for more than 50% of the posterior probability of association. This study enhances the catalog of multiple sclerosis risk variants and illustrates the value of fine mapping in the resolution of GWAS signals
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