11 research outputs found
GEOKIMIA ORGANIK FRAKSI AROMATIK LIGHT OIL PRODUK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA AREA (PIT) BINTANG SANGATTA KALIMANTAN TIMUR
No full textCharacter geochemical of Coal in area (pit) Stars Sangatta, East Kalimantan shows that the coal is classified as steam coal with thermal maturity and have low calories (5768 kcal/kg). The coal is melted in the 1L autoclave for 60 minutes at a temperature of 450°C and a pressure of 12 MPa to obtain a product slurry. Fractionation of slurry product based on boiling point using a vacum distillation apparatus 10 mmHg. Fractions obtained include naphtha, light oil, middle oil, heavy oil and coal liquid bottom. Data show that the weight percentage of the product melting fraction is dominated by heavy oil and coal liquid bottom with percentage of total> 50%. Fraction of light oil in the fractionation further by TLC and the eluent n-hexane in order to obtain an aromatic fraction. The composition of the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction light oil products were characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS). the identification shows that derivative of kadalen compounds, that is compounds norkadalen (C14H16) which is the fraction of oil that can be potentially as diesel fuel
KEMATANGAN MOLEKULER FRAKSI HIDROKARBON AROMATIK CORE BADAK 1/208 MUARA BADAK, KUTAI KARTANEGARA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR: SUATU TINJAUAN KUALITATIF
No full textKajian kualitatif tentang kematangan termal biomarka fraksi hidrokarbon aromatik pada core Badak 1/208 dari kedalaman 10550 kaki telah dilakukan untuk meminimali- sir resiko kegagalan kegiatan eksplorasi minyak di sumur Badak 1/208 Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara-Kalimantan Timur. Sampel core diekstraksi secara berselang seling den- gan campuran pelarut toluena-metanol (3:1) dan kloro- form-metanol (3:1), kemudian difraksinasi dengan metode kromatografi kolom untuk memperoleh fraksi netral, asam, dan polar. Fraksi netral yang diperoleh difraksinasi lebih lanjut dengan kromatografi lapis tipis menghasilkan fraksi hidrokarbon alifatik, aromatik, alkohol, dan keton. Fraksi hidrokarbon aromatik yang diperoleh, selanjutnya diiden- tifikasi menggunakan Kromatografi Gas-Spektrometer Massa (KG-SM) dengan hasil antara lain turunan pisena, alkil fenantrena, dan triaromatik steroid. Biomarka fraksi hidrokarbon aromatik yang teridentifikasi tersebut ditinjau dari pembentukannya selama waktu geologi, menunjuk- kan bahwa core yang ada diduga matang secara termal
Kematangan Molekuler Fraksi Hidrokarbon Aromatik Core Badak 1/208 Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur: Suatu Tinjauan Kualitatif
No full textKajian kualitatif tentang kematangan termal biomarka fraksi hidrokarbon aromatik pada core Badak 1/208 dari kedalaman 10550 kaki telah dilakukan untuk meminimali- sir resiko kegagalan kegiatan eksplorasi minyak di sumur Badak 1/208 Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara-Kalimantan Timur. Sampel core diekstraksi secara berselang seling den- gan campuran pelarut toluena-metanol (3:1) dan kloro- form-metanol (3:1), kemudian difraksinasi dengan metode kromatografi kolom untuk memperoleh fraksi netral, asam, dan polar. Fraksi netral yang diperoleh difraksinasi lebih lanjut dengan kromatografi lapis tipis menghasilkan fraksi hidrokarbon alifatik, aromatik, alkohol, dan keton. Fraksi hidrokarbon aromatik yang diperoleh, selanjutnya diiden- tifikasi menggunakan Kromatografi Gas-Spektrometer Massa (KG-SM) dengan hasil antara lain turunan pisena, alkil fenantrena, dan triaromatik steroid. Biomarka fraksi hidrokarbon aromatik yang teridentifikasi tersebut ditinjau dari pembentukannya selama waktu geologi, menunjuk- kan bahwa core yang ada diduga matang secara termal
Fabrication of bentonite/ZIF-8 composites for photocatalytic removal of congo red in water
No full textThe BNT/ZIF-8 composite had been successfully synthesized in polar acetic acid solvent at room temperature with 10 and 25 % mass percentages of bentonite (BNT). BNT(10)/ZIF-8 shows increased BET surface area compared to ZIF-8, which could enhance the interaction with adsorbate. The higher adsorption capacity could improve the degradation efficiency of the composite. This is demonstrated by BNT(10)/ZIF-8 with the highest degradation efficiency of 95.52 % after 100 minutes of irradiation. Furthermore, BNT(10)/ZIF-8 still showed a high stability performance of up to 86.64 % efficiency after four consecutive cycles. This study provides an alternative reference for photocatalysts for degrading dye waste in water
The Oxygenated Biomarker as an Indicator of Origin and Maturity of Miocene Brown Coal, Sangatta Coal Mines, East Kalimantan
No full textDOI: 10.17014/ijog.5.2.107-116The Middle to Late Miocene brown coal extracted from Inul area, Sangatta coal mines, East Kalimantan, was studied to recognize the distribution of ketone and acid biomarkers. Samples were extracted using soxhlet method and separated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Acetylation of acid fractions by BF3/MeOH produced an ester compound which is an acid derivative. The distributions of fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The distributions of ketones included compounds in n-alkan-2-one, amyrin-derived ketone, and friedeline derivatives as well as olean-13(18)-en-3-one with oleanane skeleton. Distributions of fatty acids included compounds in the range from n-methylhexadecanoate (n-C16) to n-methyltriacontanoate (n-C30) with dominating compounds from n-methylhexadecanoate (n-C16) to n-methyldococanoate (n-C22). The most obvious feature is predominance of compounds with even-over-odd-carbon-atom-number in a molecule, which come from vascular plant fatty acids. The distributions of these biomarker compounds are used as an indicator of higher plant and oxic depositional environment, as well as the involvement of bacteria in diagenesis stage which indicates immature coals.</p
Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Castor Oil Methyl Ester
No full textThe increasing consumption of biodiesel has led to the continued development of biodiesel production using oils that do not compete with food, for example castor oil. This study aims to synthesize and characterize castor oil methyl ester (COME) as biodiesel. The FFA of castor oil is 0.66%, so that a transesterification reaction with methanol using a KOH catalyst can be carried out. The reaction was characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The highest content of COME is methyl ricinoleate at 65.481%. followed by FFA at 0.4%, a cloud point of -9°C, a pour point of -18°C, and a density at 40°C of 887.2 kg/m3 which is in accordance with SNI. Thus, COME has the potential as a biodiesel candidate
Fabrication and characterization of fly ash-based geopolymer and its performance for immobilization of heavy metal cations
No full textIn this study, the geopolymer from fly ash as based-raw material has been examined on the ability of several heavy metal ions immobilization. The fly ash has been provided from PT IPMOMI which firstly analyzed the physical and chemical properties. Fly ash and heavy metals were mixed with an activator base until homogeneous, then cast into a cylindrical shape mold following ASTM C 39-86 and left for 7 days. After that, the geopolymer was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, compressive strength test and TCLP. The diffractogram of PT. IPMOMI fly ash exhibited the existence of mullite, alumina and iron oxide phase, which were suitable with XRF result. From FTIR spectra, the vibration on finger print area appeared indicating the vibration of T-O-T from geopolymer network. The observation revealed that the addition of Pb2+ cations caused microcracking from SEM image and affected the compressive strength of the geopolymer. Sr2+ was an ion that was very easily
leached compared to other three ions, and it caused a weak interaction between Sr2+ and geopolymer network. The higher amount of metal ions into the geopolymer network reduced the compressive strength of geopolymer. Sr2+-geopolymer had a lower compressive strength compared to Pb2+, Cd2+, and Co2+
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN PEMBUATAN DAN PEMASARAN KECAP BIJI NANGKA: ALTERNATIF BAHAN PENDAMPING MAKANAN DI KEPUTIH SURABAYA
No full textKeputih is one of the areas in Sukolilo District, Surabaya which has considerable human resources. This region is also near Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) and University of Hang Tuah (UHT). As a region that has large human resources, it is unfortunate that this region belongs to the low economic category. Due to its location around campus compounds, the entrepreneurial sector has a lot of potentials that can be used to improve the economy in the region. This community service aimed to provide an introduction to one of the entrepreneurial opportunities through training in producing soy sauce from jackfruit seeds (beton). In this training, the community was trained how to make soy sauce by utilizing jackfruit seeds (beton) which had not been utilized well and were just thrown away. The community would also be given training for packaging so that the produced soy sauce could be marketable. It is expected that the community will be able to make soy sauce from jackfruit seeds (beton) independently. The expected impact of the community service, among others, is to open new jobs for the people of Keputih through making soy sauce from alternative ingredients so as to improve the economy of the community
Biomarka sebagai Indikator Sumber Asal Usul Senyawa Organik Minyak Mentah Blok Cepu, Formasi Wonocolo, Bojonegoro, Jawa Timur
No full textTelah dilakukan kajian geokimia organik pada sampel minyak mentah Blok Cepu untuk mengetahui sumber asal-usul senyawa organiknya sebagai data pendukung proses reaktivasi sumur tua kawasan tersebut. Kajian geokimia organik dilakukan melalui analisa biomarka dengan metode ekstraksi, fraksinasi dan identifikasi struktur menggunakan instrumen Kromatografi Gas-Spektrometer Massa (KG-SM). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan adanya distribusi bimodal pada n-alkana yang mengindikasikan senyawa organik pada sampel minyak Cepu tidak hanya berasal dari satu sumber. Hal tersebut didukung dengan keberadaan kelompok biomarka seskuiterpana (4β(H)-eudesmana, drimana), sterana (trans-trans-trans-bikadinana, 5α(H)-22-kolestena), hopanoid, derivat naftalena (1,2,5-TMN; 1,2,5,6-TeMN; 1,3,6,7-TeMN) serta aromatik triterpenoid pentasiklik sebagai indikator senyawa organik pada minyak Cepu berasal dari tumbuhan tingkat tinggi, bakteri, alga dan fitoplankton
