4 research outputs found
Proyecto estructural de nave industrial de 1780 m2 situado en el polígono industrial de Silla (Valencia) para el uso de instalaciones deportivas de padel
No full text[ES] Este proyecto consiste en la realización de una memoria descriptiva, planos y el cálculo del presupuesto de una nave industrial de tipología pórticos a dos aguas, con una extensión de la nave de dos plantas.
En este caso, la distribución en planta albergará instalaciones para la práctica de padel.
La nave principal constará de la recepción y 3 pistas de padel de 20x10 m2 y la disposición de unas gradas para la pista principal. En la extensión del edificio se encontrarán los vestuarios en la planta baja y una cafetería en la primera planta.Pilato Colomar, A. (2018). Proyecto estructural de nave industrial de 1780 m2 situado en el polígono industrial de Silla (Valencia) para el uso de instalaciones deportivas de padel. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/109302TFG
Evaluación tecno-económica y ambiental de un sistema de desalinización autónomo alimentado con fuentes de energía renovables híbridas y diseño de una planta de ósmosis inversa con una capacidad de 2.000 m³/día
No full text[ES] La escasez de agua dulce es uno de los problemas más importantes a los que se enfrenta el mundo en la actualidad. El rápido crecimiento de la demanda de energía y agua está teniendo un fuerte impacto en el cambio climático y, por tanto, en el agotamiento de las reservas de agua dulce. La desalinización del agua de mar es una solución viable para producir agua dulce, especialmente en las zonas costeras. Sin embargo, su sostenibilidad se ve limitada por el elevado consumo energético de las tecnologías actuales. Las energías renovables son una solución atractiva para alimentar las plantas desalinizadoras y reducir los costes y las emisiones de carbono. El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar una planta desalinizadora de agua de mar por ósmosis inversa con una capacidad de 2.000 m³/día y luego un sistema híbrido de energía renovable para satisfacer la demanda de carga eléctrica de la planta desalinizadora autónoma que estará en la isla de El Hierro, España.
De este modo, se trata de encontrar el dimensionamiento óptimo a través de una evaluación tecno-económica y ambiental de diferentes configuraciones de energía híbrida fuera de la red mediante el software HOMER Pro¿. Se propusieron dos escenarios sin red (con y sin generador diésel) con diferentes configuraciones de sistemas energéticos y se compararon entre sí. En ambos escenarios, los sistemas de energía son una combinación de una fotovoltaica, una turbina eólica y baterías. Por otro lado, es necesario diseñar la planta de ósmosis inversa de agua de mar que consta del pretratamiento donde se realiza la etapa de ultrafiltración con el software WAVE¿, el proceso de ósmosis inversa y el postratamiento mediante el software IMSDesign¿. Además, gracias a la incorporación de un dispositivo de recuperación de energía, el consumo energético específico de la planta se reduce a un valor de 2,18 kWh/m³. Además, los resultados de la optimización de los sistemas híbridos de energía renovable muestran que la mejor configuración que minimiza el coste actual neto estaba formada por el generador diésel de 550 kW, el sistema fotovoltaico de 274 kW, 28 turbinas eólicas, 518 baterías de 1,02 kWh y el convertidor CC/CA de 341 kW, en función de los recursos energéticos del emplazamiento y del perfil de la demanda de electricidad. Además, se ha considerado la posibilidad de implantar un depósito de agua en sustitución de las baterías. Esto dio lugar a una reducción del 10% del CNP. Por último, todo el sistema mostró unos valores de coste de producción de agua reducidos en comparación con otras tecnologías similares.[EN] Freshwater scarcity is one of the most important problems facing the world today. The rapid growth in energy and water demand is having a strong impact on climate change and thus the depletion of freshwater reserves. Seawater desalination is a viable solution to produce fresh water, especially in coastal areas. However, its sustainability is constrained by the high energy consumption of current technologies. Renewable energy is an attractive solution to power desalination plants to reduce costs and carbon emissions. The aim of this work is to design a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant with a capacity of 2,000 m³/day and then hybrid renewable energy system to meet the electrical load demand of the autonomous desalination plant that will be in the island El Hierro, Spain.
In this way, the procedure is to find the optimal sizing through a techno-economic and environmental assessment of different off-grid hybrid energy configurations by means of the HOMER Pro¿ software. Two off-grid scenarios (with and without diesel generator) with different energy system configurations were proposed and compared to each other. In both scenarios, the energy power systems are a combination of a photovoltaic, wind turbine, and batteries. On the other hand, it is necessary to design the seawater reverse osmosis plant which consist of the pre-treatment where the ultrafiltration stage is made with the WAVE¿ software, the reverse osmosis process and post-treatment by means of the IMSDesign¿ software. In addition, thanks to the incorporation of an energy recovery device, the specific energy consumption of the plant is reduced to a value of 2.18 kWh/m³. Besides, the optimization results of the hybrid renewable energy systems shows that the best configuration which minimizes the net present cost consisted of the 550-kW diesel generator, 274-kW photovoltaic system, 28 wind turbines, 518 batteries of 1.02 kWh, and 341-kW DC/AC converter based on the site power resources and the profile of electricity demand. Furthermore, the implementation of a water tank replacing the batteries has also been considered. This resulted in a 10% reduction of the NPC. Finally, the whole system showed reduced water production cost values compared to other similar technologies.Pilato Colomar, A. (2021). Evaluación tecno-económica y ambiental de un sistema de desalinización autónomo alimentado con fuentes de energía renovables híbridas y diseño de una planta de ósmosis inversa con una capacidad de 2.000 m³/día. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/178894TFG
Techno-economic and environmental assessment of an autonomous desalination system powered with hybrid renewable energy sources and design of a reverse osmosis plant with a capacity of 2,000 m3/day
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALELa scarsità di acqua dolce è uno dei problemi più importanti che il mondo deve affrontare oggi. La rapida crescita della domanda di energia e di acqua sta avendo un forte impatto sul cambiamento climatico e quindi sull'esaurimento delle riserve di acqua dolce. La desalinizzazione dell'acqua di mare è una soluzione praticabile per produrre acqua dolce, specialmente nelle aree costiere. Tuttavia, la sua sostenibilità è limitata dall'alto consumo energetico delle tecnologie attuali. L'energia rinnovabile è una soluzione attraente per alimentare gli impianti di dissalazione per ridurre i costi e le emissioni di carbonio. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è quello di progettare un impianto di desalinizzazione ad osmosi inversa dell'acqua di mare con una capacità di 2.000 m3/giorno e poi un sistema ibrido di energia rinnovabile per soddisfare la domanda di carico elettrico dell'impianto di desalinizzazione autonomo che sarà nell'isola El Hierro, Spagna.
In questo modo, la procedura è quella di trovare il dimensionamento ottimale attraverso una valutazione tecnico-economica e ambientale di diverse configurazioni di energia ibrida off-grid per mezzo del software HOMER ProTM. Sono stati proposti e confrontati tra loro due scenari off-grid (con e senza generatore diesel) con diverse configurazioni di sistema energetico. In entrambi gli scenari, i sistemi di alimentazione energetica sono una combinazione di fotovoltaico, turbina eolica e batterie. D'altra parte, è necessario progettare l'impianto di osmosi inversa dell'acqua di mare che consiste nel pre-trattamento dove la fase di ultrafiltrazione è fatta con il software WAVETM, il processo di osmosi inversa e il post-trattamento per mezzo del software IMSDesignTM. Inoltre, grazie all'incorporazione di un dispositivo di recupero energetico, il consumo energetico specifico dell'impianto è ridotto a un valore di 2,18 kWh/m3. Inoltre, i risultati dell'ottimizzazione dei sistemi ibridi di energia rinnovabile mostrano che la migliore configurazione che minimizza il costo attuale netto consisteva in un generatore diesel da 550 kW, un impianto fotovoltaico da 274 kW, 28 turbine eoliche, 518 batterie da 1,02 kWh e un convertitore DC/AC da 341 kW in base alle risorse energetiche del sito e al profilo della domanda elettrica. Inoltre, è stata considerata anche l'implementazione di un serbatoio d'acqua in sostituzione delle batterie. Questo ha portato a una riduzione del 10% dell'NPC. Infine, l'intero sistema ha mostrato valori di costo di produzione dell'acqua ridotti rispetto ad altre tecnologie simili.Freshwater scarcity is one of the most important problems facing the world today. The rapid growth in energy and water demand is having a strong impact on climate change and thus the depletion of freshwater reserves. Seawater desalination is a viable solution to produce fresh water, especially in coastal areas. However, its sustainability is constrained by the high energy consumption of current technologies. Renewable energy is an attractive solution to power desalination plants to reduce costs and carbon emissions. The aim of this work is to design a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant with a capacity of 2,000 m3/day and then hybrid renewable energy system to meet the electrical load demand of the autonomous desalination plant that will be in the island El Hierro, Spain.
In this way, the procedure is to find the optimal sizing through a techno-economic and environmental assessment of different off-grid hybrid energy configurations by means of the HOMER ProTM software. Two off-grid scenarios (with and without diesel generator) with different energy system configurations were proposed and compared to each other. In both scenarios, the energy power systems are a combination of a photovoltaic, wind turbine, and batteries. On the other hand, it is necessary to design the seawater reverse osmosis plant which consist of the pre-treatment where the ultrafiltration stage is made with the WAVETM software, the reverse osmosis process and post-treatment by means of the IMSDesignTM software. In addition, thanks to the incorporation of an energy recovery device, the specific energy consumption of the plant is reduced to a value of 2.18 kWh/m3. Besides, the optimization results of the hybrid renewable energy systems shows that the best configuration which minimizes the net present cost consisted of the 550-kW diesel generator, 274-kW photovoltaic system, 28 wind turbines, 518 batteries of 1.02 kWh, and 341-kW DC/AC converter based on the site power resources and the profile of electricity demand. Furthermore, the implementation of a water tank replacing the batteries has also been considered. This resulted in a 10% reduction of the NPC. Finally, the whole system showed reduced water production cost values compared to other similar technologies
Global, regional, and national disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990‐2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) 2015 Study
No full textBackground
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development.
Methods
We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate.
Findings
Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs offset by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates due to several high-burden NCDs (including osteoarthritis, drug use disorders, depression, diabetes, congenital birth defects, and skin, oral, and sense organ diseases) either increased or remained unchanged, leading to increases in their relative ranking in many geographies. From 2005 to 2015, HALE at birth increased by an average of 2·9 years (95% uncertainty interval 2·9–3·0) for men and 3·5 years (3·4–3·7) for women, while HALE at age 65 years improved by 0·85 years (0·78–0·92) and 1·2 years (1·1–1·3), respectively. Rising SDI was associated with consistently higher HALE and a somewhat smaller proportion of life spent with functional health loss; however, rising SDI was related to increases in total disability. Many countries and territories in central America and eastern sub-Saharan Africa had increasingly lower rates of disease burden than expected given their SDI. At the same time, a subset of geographies recorded a growing gap between observed and expected levels of DALYs, a trend driven mainly by rising burden due to war, interpersonal violence, and various NCDs
