18 research outputs found
Ivory soap production at the Procter & Gamble Company
No full textFemale employees working on the Ivory soap production line at the Procter & Gamble Company based in Cincinnati, Ohio. Procter & Gamble was founded by William Procter and James Gamble in 1837. The company began producing Ivory in 1879, and still manufactures it today
Improving the Energy Reconstruction for Low Energy Supernova Neutrinos
No full textabstract: The current observable universe is made of matter due to baryon/antibaryon asymmetry. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment is an international experiment through the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory that will study neutrinos. In this study, the detection efficiency for low energy supernova neutrinos was examined in order to improve energy reconstruction for neutrino energies less than 40 MeV. To do this, supernova neutrino events were simulated using the LarSoft simulation package with and without background. The ratios between the true data and reconstructed data were compared to identify the deficiencies of the detector, which were found to be low energies and high drift times. The ratio between the true and reconstructed data was improved by applying the physical limits of the detector. The efficiency of the improved ratio of the clean data was found to be 93.2% and the efficiency of the improved ratio with the data with background was 82.6%. The study suggests that a second photon detector at the far wall of the detector would help improve the resolutions at high drift times and low neutrino energies
The post-viral fatigue syndrome
Get PDFPost-viral fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis) is a physically debilitating disorder associated with chronic disabling fatigue. This thesis presents two studies which look at the impact of illness from a personal-psychological and from a family perspective. The first investigates the psychological features of the syndrome. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder in 20 patients with the PVFS was determined. Sixty percent satisfied criteria for a current psychiatric disorder. Diagnoses were of neurotic depression and other neuroses. Only 25 % of a comparatively disabled group of 20 arthritis sufferers received similar diagnoses. Diagnoses did not substantially differ in type from a group of 20 subjects with major depressive disorders, although selected differences in symptom profile and the role of previous life-time psychiatric episodes, suggest that the PVFS cannot be regarded as a variant form of depressive disorder. A logistic regression analysis achieved a satisfactory separation of the two disorders on the basis of psychiatric symptoms. The second study investigates 9 school-aged children with mothers suffering from the syndrome, and 9 children with healthy parents. The children in the PVFS group had been exposed to their mother's illness from between 18 months and 14 years. They were found to have significantly more problems in the school environment in comparison to controls, rated as more shy and anxious, less assertive and with more relationship problems with peers. General family orientation was less active with fewer out-of-home family pursuits. Family interactions were somewhat more negative. Child adjustment is discussed in terms of the linkages between family, school and peer-group in the lives of these children. Investigations into the adaptive potential of such linkages and the permeability of the boundaries between the spheres raise important questions for ameliorative work in the counselling of PVFS sufferers and their families
An analysis of two upland organic profiles from the later mesolithic
Get PDFTwo peat profiles have been examined from upland sites In England at Blacklane Brook, Dartmoor and Dozmary Pool, Bodmin Moor. The techniques employed Include pollen analysis, estimation of relative amounts of charcoal present and radiocarbon dating. Both sites have been subject to previous less detailed palaeoecological investigations which gave indications of fluctuations in the extent of open vegetation during prehistory. The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that upland vegetation changes were taking place during the Later Mesolithic period which could be attributed to the activities of man. The results from the radiocarbon dated profile at Blacklane Brook show that during this period irregular increases in the proportions of taxa indicative of open ground took place associated with decreases in tree and shrub species representation. Charcoal is present within the profile indicating that burning may have been the cause of the observed decreases in woody vegetation. The link between vegetational changes and the purposeful use of fire by man is conjectural. However, the possible reasons for such a practice are discussed. Inversions in the sequence of radiocarbon dates at Dozmary Pool suggest profile disturbance and/or discontinuities. Assuming that the part of the profile covered by the Later Mesolithic is undisturbed it gives evidence of fluctuating areas of open vegetation, again accompanied by charcoal within the profile. The limitations of the techniques employed are considered in the light of the implications these have for the Interpretations drawn. The future of studies within the field of vegetation history Is thought to require refinements in the degree of resolution of the technique of vegetation reconstruction accompanied by greater attention being devoted to the statistical and sampling problems of pollen analysis
Some reactions of a-phenyl-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazole
Get PDFThe reactivity of the above compound, hereafter referred to as phenyl dithiadiazole, (PhCN(_2)S(_2))(_2), toward the following transition metal carbonyl species has been investigated: V(CO)(_6), Mo(CO)(_6), W(CO)(_6), Mn(_2)(CO)(_10), Re(_2)(CO)(_10). Fe(CO)(_5), Fe(_2)(CO)(_9), Fe(_3)(CO)(_12), Co(_2)(CO)(_8), CpV(_CO)(_4), [CpMo(CO)(_3)](_2), CpMn(CO)(_3), [CpFe(CO)(_2)](_2), CpCo(CO)(_2) and the following new compounds characterised: Mn(_2)(CO)(_8)PhCN(_2)S(_2), Fe(_2)(CO)(_6)PhCN(_2)S(_2)*, [CpV(PhCN(_2)S(_2)](_2), [CpCo(PhCN(_2)S)](_2) and Cp(_2)Ni(_2)(PhCN(_2)S(_2))*; those marked with an asterisk by X-ray analysis (W Clegg). Reactivity studies of (PhCN(_2)S(_2))(_2) with the following transition metal phosphine and halogeno- compounds were also carried out: MC1(_2) (M=Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Pd,Cu), FeBr(_2), TiC1(_4)(+Mg), Cp(_2)TiC1(_2)(+Mg) and NiC1(_2)(+Mg). MoC1(_4)(CH(_3)CN)(_2), CuC1, (Ph(_3)P)(_4)M (M=Pd,Pt) and (Ph(_3)P)(_3)RhC1 and the following new complexes prepared: [PhCN(_2)S(_2)](_2)PdC1(_4), [PhCN(_2)S(_2))(_2)CuC1(_2), PhCN(_2)S(_2)(CuC1)(_2). (Ph(_3)P)(_2)M(PhCN(_2)S(_2))(_2) (M=Pd,Pt) and [(Ph(_3)P)Pt(PhCN(_2)S)](_2). Also, the reactivity of phenyl dithiadiazole toward R(_3)P (R=Ph.Me), Ph(_3)As, S(_8), M(_3)NO, N(_3)(^-), Me(_n)NH(_3)(_-n) (n=0-3), MeX (X=I,OSO(_2)F). MeCOBr, Me(_3)SiX (X=C1,Br), HX (X=C1,BF(_4)), NO, N(_2)O(_4), N(_2)F^, (Me(_3)Sn)(_2), AgF(_2) and TCNQ has been studied and gave rise to the following novel species: [PhC(NHMe)(_2)](_2)S(_6), [PhC(NH(_2))(_2)][S(_2)N(_3)S., [PhC(NH)(_2)s(_2)]X (X=C1,BF(_4)), [PhCN(_2)S(_2)]SO(_2)F(_3). [PhCN(_2)S(_2)](_3)F. PhCN(_2)S(_2)F and PhCN(_2)S(_2)(TCNQ)(_2). Finally,[MoC1(_2)(PhCN(_2)S(_2))(thf)](_2) and [Na(C(_12)H(_24)O(_6))]PhCN(_2)S(_2) are reported as are the unusual magnetic properties of some of the above transition-metal complexes
Permian productidina of Britain and Malaysia
Get PDFThe British Permian Productidina have not been revised in detail since 1858. In the present study some 2000 specimens from 29 localities in north east of England have been collected and prepared in the laboratory and used together with museum collections. The fauna consists of four species of Strophalosia, one new species of Eostrophalosia, six species of Heteralosia (four new), three species of Craspedalosia (one new), two species of Howseia, four species of Horridonia (one new) and two species of Spinohorridonia new genus. The Strophalosiacea and Horridoniinae are divided according to a new classification produced in this research. British Permian productidinid species are often strongly variable. Some variants suggest possible sexual dimorphism while others are probably of ecological forms. The fauna as a whole is unique and exclusive to the Upper Permian Zechstein Sea. The British Permian fauna shows major radiation periods during the early EZla Ca and early EZlb Ca. In conjunction with these radiations, the Productidina become divided into two distinct assemblages, marking two biozones introduced in this thesis, the Horridonia horrida and Strophalosia excavata biozones. Little is known of the Malaysian Permian Productidina. They comprise one species each of Strophalosia, Craspedalosia, Institella, Antiquatonia, Reticulatia, Echi- noconchus, Linoproductus, Siepanoviella, Striatifera, Liosotella (with new species), Marginifera?, Paucispinifera, Retimarginifera (with new species) and Costispinifera, two species of Dictyoclostus, Waagenoconcha and Echinauris and three species of Cancrinella. Lower Permian productidinids are associated with Artinskian fusulines and show links with the South Tethyan cold water fauna. Upper Permian producti dinids contain a mixture of North Cathaysian elements and the warm South Tethyan lyttoniid fauna. Variation occurs within some of the Malaysian species, but owing to lack of material, no final deductions can be made. Similarly, although significant differences are observed in Malaysian productidinid distributions, tabulation of biostratigraphic zonation is left until more data is available
VEGFA gene locus (6p12) amplification and colorectal cancer : implications for patients' response to therapy
Get PDFThe aims of this study was to assess the presence of VEGFA genomic alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) and clarify how these genomic alterations can modulate CRC patients’ response to BV treatment in addition to first line therapy (5fluorouracil, leucovorin, capecitabine, oxaliplatin, mephedrone). Among our goals we aim to find out predictive biomarkers to improve anti-angiogenic therapy efficacy and possibly to develop new therapeutic approaches by setting out new rational drug combinations. Of importance, this study allowed us to contribute to the improving patient’s treatment efficiency as well as reducing the economic cost of ineffective therapy. To conclude, we believe that CRC patients will greatly benefit from our research activities. Altogether, our study helped the setting of personalized therapeutic strategies by: i) identifying those patients who really will profit of BV treatment, ii) sparing unnecessary side effects and costs for the non-responder CRC patients especially and iii) planning future alternative and/or combination treatments for CRC patients based on the functional results
Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA): achievements in 10 years and future needs
Get PDFAllergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma represent global health problems for all age groups. Asthma and rhinitis frequently coexist in the same subjects. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) was initiated during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999 (published in 2001). ARIA has reclassified AR as mild/moderate-severe and intermittent/persistent. This classification closely reflects patients' needs and underlines the close relationship between rhinitis and asthma. Patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are confronted with various treatment choices for the management of AR. This contributes to considerable variation in clinical practice, and worldwide, patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are faced with uncertainty about the relative merits and downsides of the various treatment options. In its 2010 Revision, ARIA developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of AR and asthma comorbidities based on the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. ARIA is disseminated and implemented in more than 50 countries of the world. Ten years after the publication of the ARIA World Health Organization workshop report, it is important to make a summary of its achievements and identify the still unmet clinical, research, and implementation needs to strengthen the 2011 European Union Priority on allergy and asthma in children
Preface
Get PDFBecause this university, formerly under the well known title of Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy, has contributed so much to the nation’s and world’s mineral supplies through the work of its well trained graduates, it was considered appropriate that a major symposium be held during its Centennial Year on one of the last major mineral frontiers of the United States......Alaska.
Preliminary planning for the symposium on “Alaska, Its Mineral Potentials and Environmental Challenges” began in the fall of 1969. In January, 1970, Robert E. Carlile and Paul Dean Proctor visited Alaska to meet with some of the petroleum and mineral industry personnel. The purpose of the journey was to personally invite some of the experts who could directly relate to this Centennial Symposium. The warm hospitality, graciousness, and suggestions of industry and government leaders gave much impetus to the finalization of the program and the plans.
Formal invitations were extended to various individuals who had in-depth experience in Alaska or direct interest in the Arctic areas to participate in this Centennial Symposium. Objectives were to give platform presentation and audience discussion to important aspects of the petroleum-solid mineral potential of this frontier state of America and the adjacent arctic lands and continental shelf. Because of the unusual climatic setting other speakers were invited to discuss the challenges of this environment in discovering, recovering, and transporting the potential mineral wealth of Alaska. The state consists mainly of public domain and state lands, hence other speakers were invited to present the government’s views on oil and gas developments on these lands and the Alaskan business communities viewpoint on the possible future progress of Alaska.
Special recognition has been given the various authors of the papers, but exceptional efforts were extended by the moderators who so ably assisted in the symposium presentation. Short biographical and alphabetically listed sketches are included for each of the external moderators with our sincere thanks for their considerable help. Similar concise biographical information on each of the authors is included at the end of each of the papers.
The paper presentations includes an introductory paper on Arctic Ecology, by Dr. John Schindler, Assistant Director of the Naval Research Laboratory, Point Barrow, Alaska. Regrettably, Dr. Max Brewer, Director, Naval Research Laboratory was unable to include his presentation on “What We Should Know About the Arctic Environment”. Following the ecological paper, George Gryc and A1 Weissenborn of the U.S. Geological Survey present data on the energy fuels and solid mineral potentials of Alaska. Dr. Earl Hayes, Chief Scientist of the U.S. Bureau of Mines then relates to the environmental challenges of Alaskan mineral resources. Co-authors, Drs. R. G. McCrossan and R. Procter, of the Canadian Geological Survey, review the mineral potential of Arctic Canada. Dr. A. J. Eardley’s paper on Oil and Gas Reserves in the Siberian Shelf extends the prognostications on the Arctic basin. The latter author specifically asked that it be indicated he was substituting for Russian authors who had been invited but could not attend.
With the good potential for petroleum which exists, consideration was then given to physical exploration by drilling and to the unique problems encountered in the handling of equipment under the rigorous arctic conditions. Robert L. Parker, President of the Parker Drilling Company discusses problems in such an environment. Charles C7 Norris of William Brothers Engineering Company describes the maintenance and operation of facilities and equipment in the Arctic. William Pearn discusses details of “Pipeline Design for Arctic and Subarctic Regions”, and A. V. Cardin, Chief Engineer, TAPS, specifically relates to the environmental challenges facing construction of TAPS. Russell Venn, Vice President, Humble Oil Company, expertly discussed details of the epic voyage of the S. S. Manhattan through the Northwest passage. With the possibility that oil might be transported by ship or submarine from northern Alaska, Robert L. McCollom and William Moore present interesting views on arctic marine terminals and their environmental and engineering considerations.
The practicalities and experience of handling petroleum products under conditions varying from arctic conditions to almost temperate conditions and some of the problems related to pipeline construction and pumping of oil products is dynamically presented by Colonel Frederic Johnson, Chief, Petroleum Supply, U.S. Army. Don Simasko gives his views on the place of the independent operator in this developing region with its attendent problems. Thomas R. Marshall, representing the State of Alaska, succinctly and expertly discusses the regulatory controls on oil and gas in the state.
Mr. W. H. Scott, President of the Alaskan Chamber of Commerce, concisely describes the Alaskan business communities view on the petroleum mineral resource development of his state. The final paper, by C. O. Banks, representing the Anchorage Chamber of Commerce, spells out the optimism of the good people of a great state as it moves into its stride in the 20th century.
These thoughts, views and warnings on “Alaska - Its Mineral Potentials - Its Environmental Challenges” are, therefore, presented in the hope that the reader will gain a deeper appreciation and awareness of Alaska - truly one of the last frontiers of today where, most appropriately, the words of J. Robert Oppenheimer apply:
“Both the man of science and the man of action live always at the edge of mystery, surrounded by it.”
Paul Dean ProctorR. E. Carlil
Novel Approach Identifies SNPs in SLC2A10 and KCNK9 with Evidence for Parent-of-Origin Effect on Body Mass Index
Get PDFThe phenotypic effect of some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) depends on their parental origin. We present a novel approach to detect parent-of-origin effects (POEs) in genome-wide genotype data of unrelated individuals. The method exploits increased phenotypic variance in the heterozygous genotype group relative to the homozygous groups. We applied the method to >56,000 unrelated individuals to search for POEs influencing body mass index (BMI). Six lead SNPs were carried forward for replication in five family-based studies (of ~4,000 trios). Two SNPs replicated: the paternal rs2471083-C allele (located near the imprinted KCNK9 gene) and the paternal rs3091869-T allele (located near the SLC2A10 gene) increased BMI equally (beta = 0.11 (SD), P<0.0027) compared to the respective maternal alleles. Real-time PCR experiments of lymphoblastoid cell lines from the CEPH families showed that expression of both genes was dependent on parental origin of the SNPs alleles (P<0.01). Our scheme opens new opportunities to exploit GWAS data of unrelated individuals to identify POEs and demonstrates that they play an important role in adult obesity. © 2014 Hoggart et al
