11 research outputs found
Optimizing Memory Mapping for Dataflow Inference Accelerators: Efficient Memory Utilization on FPGAs
No full textConvolutional Neural Network (CNN) inference has gained a significant amount of traction for performing tasks like speech recognition and image classification. To improve the accuracy with which these tasks can be performed, CNNs are typically designed to be deep, encompassing a large number of neural network layers. As a result, the computational intensity and storage requirements increase dramatically, necessitating hardware acceleration to reduce the execution latency. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) in particular are well-suited for hardware acceleration of CNN inference, since the underlying hardware can be tailored to rapidly and efficiently perform the required operations. To this end, Xilinx introduced the FINN (Fast, Scalable Quantized Neural Network Inference on FPGAs) framework to leverage FPGAs for Neural Network (NN) inference. The FINN end-to-end deep learning framework converts high-level descriptions of CNN models into fast and scalable FPGA inference accelerator designs that are based on a custom dataflow architecture. In this dataflow architecture the input data are streamed in a feed forward fashion through a pipeline of per-layer dedicated compute units, that each have on-chip access to the associated NN parameters. In order to keep the compute units occupied, specific throughput requirements have to be satisfied by the memory subsystem. These throughput requirements directly dictate the shapes of the on-chip buffers that contain the NN parameter values. Especially for accelerators that exploit a high degree of parallelism, these memory shapes map poorly to the available on-chip memory resources of FPGA devices. As a result, these resources are typically underutilized, which leads an On-Chip Memory (OCM) deficiency, and limits the amount of parallelism that can be exploited. In this thesis, a methodology is proposed that improves the mapping efficiency of NN parameter buffers to the embedded Block RAM (BRAM) resources on FPGAs, without negatively impacting the accelerator throughput. To accomplish this, an architecture is proposed where the memory subsystem and compute units are decoupled, and operate as a producer-consumer system. Within this architecture, the memory subsystem functions at a higher clock frequency relative to the compute units, which enables the memory subsystem to match the consumption rate of the compute units when multiple NN parameter buffers are clustered within the same BRAM instance. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm is used to find optimal group arrangements for these clusters such that the mapping efficiency is improved, and the throughput requirements are still met. The proposed methodology has been applied to a number of CNN accelerators, and demonstrates BRAM reductions of up to 30%. The observed BRAM reductions enable existing FINN accelerator designs to be ported to smaller FPGA devices while maintaining the computational throughput.Computer Engineerin
THE ANALYSIS OF GEOGRAPHICAL CONTENT OF THE MAP BY STJEPAN GLAVAČ
No full textStjepan Glavač je sav svoj umni, fizički rad i umjetničku darovitost usmjerio na svoje, po procesu izrade složeno, a po značenju veliko kartografsko djelo. To je geografska karta Hrvatske iz 1673. godine. Ona, kao djelo jednog autora, pripremana i izrađivana u vrijeme velike političke nesigurnosti kao i ograničenih tehničkih mogućnosti, istinski zadivljuje.
Prema tome, na sve nenamjerno počinjene greške, na sva odstupanja od stvarnih geografskih činjenica, što se mogu utvrditi usporedbom sa suvremenim zemljovidima, treba gledati kroz vrijeme, uvjete i prilike u kakvim je Glavač radio. A one su bile izuzetno teške i pogibeljne.
Glavačev zemljovid, kao prvi detaljan prikaz, iako samo dijela današnje Hrvatske, koristan je za paleogeografska, historijska i druga istraživanja. Kao kartografski i općekulturni dokument Glavačev zemljovid predstavlja vrijedan doprinos nacionalnoj baštini Hrvatske.All his intellectual and physical capacities, as well as his artistic talent,
Stjepan Glavač directed to his compound and very significant cartographic work. It is the geographical map of Croatia of 1673. As the work of one author, being done in the of great political unsafety and limited technical possibilities, it really fascinates.
Therefore, all unintentionally made mistakes and deviations from the
geographic facts which can be ascertained compared to the modern maps, should be observed in the time, conditions and circumstances in which Glavač worked. And they were extremely hard and dangerous. Glavač's map, as the first detailed repesentation of although just a part of present-day Croatia, is useful for paleogeographic, historic and other studies. As a cartographic and general-culture document Glavač's map represents a valuable contribution to the national inheritance of Croatia
Elastic-DF: Scaling Performance of DNN Inference in FPGA Clouds through Automatic Partitioning
No full textCustomized compute acceleration in the datacenter is key to the wider roll-out of applications based on deep neural network (DNN) inference. In this article, we investigate how to maximize the performance and scalability of field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based pipeline dataflow DNN inference accelerators (DFAs) automatically on computing infrastructures consisting of multi-die, network-connected FPGAs. We present Elastic-DF, a novel resource partitioning tool and associated FPGA runtime infrastructure that integrates with the DNN compiler FINN. Elastic-DF allocates FPGA resources to DNN layers and layers to individual FPGA dies to maximize the total performance of the multi-FPGA system. In the resulting Elastic-DF mapping, the accelerator may be instantiated multiple times, and each instance may be segmented across multiple FPGAs transparently, whereby the segments communicate peer-to-peer through 100 Gbps Ethernet FPGA infrastructure, without host involvement. When applied to ResNet-50, Elastic-DF provides a 44% latency decrease on Alveo U280. For MobileNetV1 on Alveo U200 and U280, Elastic-DF enables a 78% throughput increase, eliminating the performance difference between these cards and the larger Alveo U250. Elastic-DF also increases operating frequency in all our experiments, on average by over 20%. Elastic-DF therefore increases performance portability between different sizes of FPGA and increases the critical throughput per cost metric of datacenter inference. Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Computer Engineerin
The motif of growing up in works of Sanja Polak
No full textDječja književnost književno je stvaralaštvo namijenjeno djeci u najranijoj dobi. Pojavom dviju spisateljica početkom 20. stoljeća, Jagode Truhelke i Ivane Brlić-Mažuranić, u hrvatskoj se književnosti počinje govoriti o dječjoj književnosti. Njihova se djela zasnivanju na dječjoj svakodnevnici i imaju autobiografsku podlogu. Sanja Polak jedna je od najčitanijih književnica suvremene hrvatske književnosti, urednica je dječjeg časopisa i spisateljica za djecu. U ovom radu analizirano je pet knjiga ove autorice. To su tri su naslova o Paulini P. (Dnevnik Pauline P., Drugi dnevnik Pauline P., Gorski dnevnik Pauline P.), zbirka pripovijetki Petrica Pričalica i zbirka priča Mali Jan ima plan. Sva su djela napisana u formi dnevnika. U suvremenoj hrvatskoj dječjoj književnosti dnevnik je vrlo zastupljen i neka od najpoznatijih djela hrvatske dječje književnosti napisana su u toj književnoj formi.Children's literature is a literary creation intended for children at the earliest age. With the appearance of two writers at the beginning of the 20th century, Jagoda Truhelka and Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić, Croatian literature began to speak of children's literature. Their works are based on children's everyday life and have an autobiographical background. Sanja Polak is one of the most widely read writers of contemporary Croatian literature, she is the editor of a children's magazine and a writer for children. In this paper, five books by this author are analyzed. These are three titles about Paulina P. (Pauline P.'s Diary, Pauline P.'s Second Diary, Pauline P.'s Mountain Diary), a collection of short stories by Petrica Pričalica and a collection of stories Mali Jan ima plan. All works are written in the form of a diary. In contemporary Croatian children's literature, the diary is a very common form and some of the most famous works of Croatian children's literature are written in the form of a diary
NEUROBLASTOMUL CU DISEMINARE METASTATICĂ, PREZENTARE NEONATALĂ-CASE REPORT
No full textNeuroblastoamele sunt tumori cu origine in celule sușe ale sistemului nervos simpatic, derivate din crestele neurale, reprezentând70% dintre tumorile cu localizare la nivelul glandei suprarenale. Neuroblastomul este cea mai frecventă tu- moră solidă la sugar, cu o prevalență de 1:70000 de nou-născuți, insumând aproximativ 20% din cancerele neonatale. Rata de mortalitate se situează la 15%, având ca factor cauzal dificultățile de diagnostic precoce. 1-2% din cazuri prezintă istoric familiar. Neuroblastoamele caracteristici genetice, biologice și morfologice heterogene si un comportament clinic divers.Lucrarea prezintă cazul unui nou-născut de sex feminin, 8 ore de viată, provenit din sarcină nedispensarizată, naștere dificilă cu aplicare de forceps, transferat in sectia de Chirurgie cu suspiciunea diagnostică de hemoperitoneu. Explorările imagistice efectuate in urgență confirmă diagnosticul de hemoperitoneu și relevă prezența unei tumori de glandă suprare- nală dreaptă, multiple diseminări hepatice si hepatomegalie importantă. La internare pacienta prezintă stare generala gravă, abdomen mărit de volum pe seama hepatomegaliei, circulație colaterală abdominală. Se intervine chirurgical, dupa stabilizarea hemodinamică a pacientei, practicându-se laparotomie subcostală dreaptă. Se constată prezența unei rupturi de lob drept hepatic, fără hmoragie activă pe tranșa de ruptură și se practică biopsie metastază tumorală hepatică, tumorsu- prarenalectomie dreaptă, controlul hemostazei. Evoluția postoperatorie este lent nefavorabilă pacienta prezentând anemie importantă, edeme generalizate, oligoanurie și in ciuda tratamentului suportiv maximal dezvoltă stop cardiocircultator ce nu răspunde la manevrele de resuscitare.Neuroblastomul este una dintre cele mai enigmatice tumori în perioada neonatală, putând regresa spontan sau progre- sa fulminant in absența unui plan terapeutic adecvat sau in prezența unui stadiu avansat. Diagnosticul precoce reprezintă o provocare in practica medicală curentă, ca in cazul prezentat in care afecțiunea a debutat in utero, iar pacienta nu a beneficiat de ecografie antenatală. Descoperirea unui neuroblastom fetal crează oportunitatea fie a unui tratament in utero, fie a unor precauții in ceea ce privește momentul nașterii
A book within a book : medieval Iconography in Marko Ristić's illustrated Bez mere (1936)
No full textMarko Ristić, a leading figure among Belgrade surrealists, illustrated a copy of his first novel Bez mere (Without Measure, 1928) as a gift to his friend Miroslav Krleža, a well-known Croatian author, following the release of the latter’s influential Balade Petrice Kerempuha (The Ballads of Petrica Kerempuh) in the same year. In the production of this copy, Ristić used a personal archive of cutouts from the illustrated press and scientific literature, as well as reproductions of medieval art and architecture, to construct several complex full-page collages and introduce numerous visual interventions into his pre-existing publication. This article analyses some of that visual material, observing a self-reflexive use of printed matter, an ironic criticism of European politics of the day, and a distinct interest in the specificity of the local socio-political context in the Balkans as its main characteristics. In addition, the article considers the intellectual alliance between Ristić and Krleža that this gift embodied, vis-à-vis their shared commitment to the class struggle and in relation to their collaborative work on Socialist Yugoslavia’s cultural identity building after the Second World War
Regionalizam ili jezična integracija nacionalne samosvijesti
No full textIn 1936 Krleža raised the Kajkaviandialect of Croatian to the standard language of national literature. It did not happen without precedents. In 1914 Fran Galovic published his collection of poems with the title Z mojih bregov in the same dialect. From 1929 onwards several Dalmatian and Istrian poets rehabilited the Kajkaviandialect. Among the authors of the most significant volumes of poetry we find Mate Balota, Drago Gervais, Pero Ljubic and Marin Franicevic. The reestablishment of dialectical poetry was a straightway protest against the Serbianization of the previous standard Croatian language of literature called the Štokaviandialect. Krleža came to know the Zagreb as well as the Varasd variant of the Kajkavian(he heard the latter from his grandmother) as early as a child. While he was making preparations for the writing of his ballads, he enriched his knowledge of the Kajkavian. Its text and its supplementary allusions or references clearly signify the influence of Juraj Habdelic, Ivan Belostenec and Andrija Jambrešic. In his volume of poetry Krleža wrote about the fateful tragedy of the Croatian nation. He could only express his feelings by way of conscious linguistic archaization. In the process of rendering the text of his poems archaic the Hungarian poet, Endre Ady set an example for him. Previously, he published two studies on Ady. He underpinned his statements in the studies by translating Ady's poems. The lingusitic solutions in his translation of the Hungarian poet represent Ady's influence. Certain stanzas in his ballads almost paraphrase Ady. The author of the two studies tried to underpin this process of paraphrasing by the linguistic analysis of Ady's poems. Thus he emphasizes the role of Ady's protestantism in the conception of the Ballads of Petrica Kerempuh. His collection of ballads written in the kaj dialect strongly supported the maintenance of Croatian patriotism in the 1930s
Body politics between sublimation and subversion: critical perspectives on twentieth-century all male performances of Shakespeare's As You Like It
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente
Distinction of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>recrudescence and re-infection by MSP2 genotyping: A caution about unstandardized classification criteria
No full textAbstract Background Plasmodium falciparum genotyping with molecular polymorphic markers is widely employed to distinguish recrudescence from re-infection in antimalarial drug efficacy monitoring programmes. However, limitations occur on agarose gel DNA measurements used to resolve the polymorphisms. Without empirical data, the current distinction of pre- and post-treatment bands, as persistent or new infection, is subjective and often varying by author. This study measures empirical tolerance limits for classifying different-sized bands as same or different alleles during MSP2 genotyping. Methods P. falciparum field samples from 161 volunteers were genotyped by nested PCR using polymorphic MSP2 family-specific primers. Data were analysed to determine variability of band size measurements between identical MSP2 alleles randomized into different agarose lanes. Results The mean (95% CI) paired difference in band size between identical alleles was 9.8 bp (1.48 – 18.16 bp, p = 0.022) for 3D7/IC and 2.54 (-3.04 – 8.05 bp, p = 0.362) for FC27. Based on these findings, pre- and post-treatment samples with 3D7/IC alleles showing less than 18 bp difference corresponded to recrudescence, with 95% confidence, while greater difference indicated new infection. FC27 allele differences were much narrower. For both 3D7/IC and FC27 amplicon, allele detection sensitivity was significantly higher with 13 μl compared to 20 μl or 30 μl lane loading volumes. Conclusion During MSP genotyping, it is useful to standardize classifications against measurement of background variability on identical alleles, in order to obtain reliable findings. It is critical to use a fixed optimal lane loading volume for constant allele patency, to avoid the disappearance or false appearance of new infection.</p
Aquatic influence on mobility of a child with duchenne muscular dystrophy : case study
No full textThe study was initiated because one of the authors had a child in the family with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The author was concerned about what could be done to improve the quality of life of this child. The hypotheses explored whether hydrotherapy could bring any relief or advantage in functional mobility to an individual with DMD and whether a water environment facilitates mobility, pleasure, and joy for a young child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our sample had three individuals, all of them boys, 9-11 years of age. Two were the control group and didn’t practice any kind of physical activity and the other one was our two-year longitudinal case study during which he experienced hydrotherapy practice two times a week for forty-five minutes each. We applied the Egen Klassifikation (EK) scale to quantify the degree of movement limitation present at each of five measurement points over the two years. The variables analyzed were the physical activity issues and the EK scale values. The descriptive results showed that all three individuals increased their EK scale values over time, showing the inevitable progression of the disease. The individual who participated in the water activity sessions had the slower increase that we inferred, meant less deterioration in functional movement. No inferences can be drawn from these limited data, especially because only one individual experienced the water activities. This study does provide the impetus for subsequent, larger controlled studies to see if they could replicate these initial case study results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
