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    Programming using frameworks

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    Razvoj Interneta započinje u SAD-u šezdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća kao produkt vojnih potreba. Glavni je zadatak bio razvoj slanja paketa podataka preko mreže. Veliki korak koji je doveo do ubrzanog širenja Interneta dogodio se 1990. godine uspostavljanjem jedne od najatraktivnijih mrežnih usluga, World Wide Weba. Daljnjim razvojem Interneta, došlo je do razvoja aplikacija (kojih je svakim danom sve više) i programskih jezika prilagođenih potrebama Interneta. Programski jezik JavaScript u to se vrijeme postavio kao idealno rješenje jer je zadovoljio potrebe komunikacije klijenta i servera. Daljnjim napretkom tehnologije i potrebom korisnika za modernijim sučeljima, JavaScript se dodatno razvija. Nastaju razne biblioteke koje se po potrebi uključuju (dodaju) prilikom programiranja te se ovisno o kombinaciji dodanih biblioteka mijenjaju funkcionalnosti aplikacije, a samim time pružaju i širok spektar novih mogućnosti. Biblioteke su na svom početku bile idealno rješenje, no kasnije su se neke biblioteke u sličnim ili čak istim kombinacijama uključivale u program pa su zbog toga nastali okviri (engl. framework) koji već u sebi imaju uključene najčešće korištene biblioteke. Na taj način je programeru smanjena potreba za odabirom pojedinih biblioteka, ali je za programera osigurano da na početku ima sve što je potrebno, ovisno o području tj. potrebi aplikacije koju razvija. Okviri su danas jako popularni te se velika većina web aplikacija izrađuje pomoću njih, no ipak imaju i neke mane kao što su uporaba drugačije sintakse od čistog JavaScript jezika. Obzirom da svi programeri ne poznaju JavaScript ili neku od njegovih inačica u dovoljnoj mjeri, razvili su se tzv. wrapperi. To su programska okruženja koja omogućuju programeru pisanje koda u već poznatom programskom jeziku, a wrapper, tzv. omotač, doslovno omota sloj oko napisanog koda te ga prevede u JavaScript kod ili neki drugi programski jezik, naravno ovisno o wrapperu. Prednost im je kodiranje u već poznatom jeziku, ali često postoje i mane kao što su ograničenje wrappera koji ima onoliko mogućnosti koliko ih wrapper podržava. Kako bi i studenti bili u tijeku s novim tehnologijama, na fakultetima se osmišljavaju novi kolegiji koji o njima poučavaju. Ipak, satnice na fakultetu su premale da bi se mogla dobiti konkretna znanja o svemu potrebnom za rad u realnim situacijama, ali ipak daju širu sliku što studenta čeka u budućnosti.The history of the Internet began in the USA in the 1960s as a product of military needs. The main task was to develop sending data packages using network. The big step that led to the rapid expansion of the Internet occurred in 1990 by establishing one of the most demanding network services, the World Wide Web. With the further development of the Internet, there has been an increase in the number of applications (more and more each day) and Internetbased programming languages. At that time, the programming language JavaScript was set up as an ideal solution because it met the needs of client and server communication. By further technology developing and user needs for more modern interfaces, JavaScript is evolving. Various libraries are appearing, which are optionally included when programming, and depending on the combination of the added libraries, they change the application's functionality and thus provide a wide range of features. In the beginning, libraries were the ideal solution, but later some libraries were included in the program in similar or even same combinations, which resulted developing frameworks that already include those libraries. With that option, the programmer has fewer choices but in the start has everything that is needed for the application develeoping. Frameworks are very popular today and the majority of web applications use them, but they still have some flaws like different syntax from pure JavaScript language. Since there are developers that don't know or use JavaScript language or some of versions, wrappers have been developed. They are program environments that offer writing code in a known programming language, and that wrapper, literally wrap a layer around the written code and translate it into a JavaScript code or other programming language, of course depending on the wrapper. Theirs great advantage for the programmer is coding in a language they already know, but there are often shortcomings such as wrapper limitations and having as many features as the wrapper has. In order for the students to be in the process of using new technologies, new courses are being set up at the colleges that teach them. However, number of hours are too small to be able to get specific knowledge of everything needed to work in realistic situations but still give a wider picture of what the student is looking forward to in the future

    Hydrological Analysis of Spring Flow on the Left Bank of Cetina: Rumin Mali, Rumin Veliki and Ruda Velika : Undergraduate Thesis

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    U ovom završnom radu statički su obrađeni hidrološki podaci protoka izvora na lijevoj obali rijeke Cetine: Rumin Mali, Rumin Veliki i Ruda Velika, te meteorološki podaci oborina za postaju Livno za razdoblje od 1.1.2008.-31.12.2014. godine. Na temelju tih podataka izrađena je krivulja trajanja i krivulja učestalosti. Za izvore Rumin Mali, Rumin Veliki i Ruda Velika zadani su podaci od 2008.-2014. godine. Na temelju tih podataka napravljena je krivulja trajanja za svaki izvor kao i dnevne, mjesečne i godišnje korelacijske veze između oborina Livna i zadanih izvora, kao i izvora međusobno.In this final paper, the hydrological data of the flow of springs on the left bank of the Cetina River: Rumin Mali, Rumin Veliki, and Ruda Velika, and meteorological precipitation data for the station Livno for the period from 1.1.2008 to 31.12.2014 were statically processed. year. Based on these data, a duration curve and a frequency curve were created. For the springs Rumin Mali, Rumin Veliki, and Ruda Velika, the data from 2008-2014 is given. year. Based on these data, a duration curve was created for each source, as well as daily, monthly, and annual correlations between the Livno precipitation and the given sources, as well as between the sources

    CO2 Emissions in the Operation of Construction Machinery for Earthworks : Undergraduate Thesis

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    Emisije ugljikovog dioksida izazivaju značajan interes u istraživanju građevinske industrije zbog sve veće svijesti o učincima klimatskih promjena. Građevinarstvo je prepoznato kao jedan od ključnih sektora u Europskom zelenom planu čiji je cilj da do 2050. više nema neto emisija stakleničkih plinova. Ovaj rad analizira faktore koji utječu na emisije CO2 kod građevinskih strojeva za zemljane radove, kao što su vrsta goriva, oprema, operativni i gradilišni faktori. Na temelju učinkovitosti strojeva, prikazani su proračuni emisija CO2 te konkretni primjeri proračuna za rad bagera. Rad također ističe važnost smanjenja emisija CO2 kroz optimizaciju rada i održavanje građevinskih strojeva.Carbon dioxide emissions are a significant concern in construction industry research due to the growing awareness of climate change impacts. Construction is recognized as one of the key sectors in the European Green Deal, which aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This work analyzes the factors affecting CO2 emissions from earthwork construction machinery, including fuel type, equipment, operational, and site factors. Based on machine efficiency, calculations of CO2 emissions are presented, along with specific examples of calculations for excavator operations. This work also highlights the importance of reducing CO2 emissions through the optimization and maintenance of construction machinery

    Comparative Analysis of the Costs of Building Masonry Constructions with Different Material Characteristics : Undergraduate Thesis

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    Ovaj rad analizira troškove i karakteristike zidanja garaže koristeći različite materijale: Porotherm, Ytong, betonski blok, Durisol, Porotherm Izo. Uspoređivani su parametri poput čvrstoće, toplinske provodljivosti i cijene. Rezultati pokazuju da Porotherm Izo pruža najbolji balans između energetske učinkovitosti i čvrstoće, dok su ostali materijali povoljniji u određenim aspektima, ali manje optimalni u cjeliniThis paper analyzes the costs and characteristics of building a garage using different materials: Porotherm, Ytong, concrete block, Durisol, Porotherm Izo. Parameters such as strength, thermal conductivity and price were compared. The results show that Porotherm Izo provides the best balance between energy efficiency and strength, while other materials are more favorable in certain aspects, but less optimal overall

    Analysis of the influence of time dependent strain on the load bearing capacity of aluminium columns exposed to transient heating : doctoral thesis

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    U ovoj disertaciji analizira se utjecaj deformacije od puzanja na kritičnu brzinu i temperaturu otkazivanja aluminijskih stupova legure EN AW 6082 T6 izloženih nestacionarnom zagrijavanju. Nestacionarni model zagrijavanja predstavlja porast temperature uslijed konstantnoga opterećenja te na taj način simulira stvarnu situaciju prilikom požara. Trenutni propisi i norme za projektiranje aluminijskih konstrukcija na djelovanje požara ne uključuju detaljan prikaz razvoja deformacije od puzanja ni njezin utjecaj na redukciju nosivosti i brzinu otkazivanja stupova. S obzirom na znatan porast primjene aluminija i aluminijskih legura u građevinarstvu posljednjih pedesetak godina, potrebno je dodatno istražiti puzanje aluminijskih stupova jer oni spadaju u najosjetljiviji dio konstrukcije. U prilog potrebi za istraživanjem ide i činjenica da je najveća mana aluminija osjetljivost na visoke temperature jer njegove materijalne karakteristike opadaju već pri temperaturama iznad 100 °C. U uvodnom dijelu istraživanja prikazanoga u ovoj disertaciji kalibrirani su eksperimentalni rezultati na epruvetama aluminijske legure EN AW 6082 T6 kako bi se dobili parametri za odabrani model puzanja. Kalibrirani model puzanja primijenjen je na eksperimentalno-numeričku analizu dominantno tlačno opterećenih aluminijskih stupova izloženih nestacionarnom zagrijavanju. U nestacionarnim ispitivanja, upotrijebljena je niska brzina zagrijavanja jer simulira postojanje nekoga oblika protupožarne zaštite koji je zbog strogih propisa nužan u današnjim konstrukcijama. Na kraju rada provedena je parametarska analiza utjecaja niskih brzina zagrijavanja (1 °C/min – 5 °C/min) na stupove jednostavne aluminijske konstrukcije i analiziran je utjecaj deformacije od puzanja na vrijeme otkazivanja stupova. Navedena parametarska analiza provedena je na temelju usvojenoga modela puzanja utemeljenoga na rezultatima analize na aluminijskim epruvetama i na aluminijskim stupovima.This dissertation presents the analysis of the influence of creep strain on the critical speed and failure temperature of EN AW 6082 T6 aluminium columns exposed to transient heating. The model of transient heating represents an increase in temperature due to a constant load and thus simulates the real situation caused by fire. Current regulations for the design of aluminium structures exposed to fire do not include a detailed description of the development of creep strain and its influence on the reduction of load-bearing capacity and the rate of failure of the columns. Considering the significant increase in the use of aluminium and aluminium alloys in construction over the last fifty years, it is necessary to obtain a solid conclusion on the influence of creep on aluminium columns which stands for the most sensitive part of the structure. The biggest disadvantage of aluminium is its sensitivity to high temperatures since its material characteristics decrease already at temperatures above 100 °C, supporting the idea of this research. In the opening section of the research presented in this dissertation, the calibration of experimental results was carried out on test coupons of aluminium alloy EN AW 6082 T6 with the aim of obtaining parameters for the selected creep model. The calibrated creep model was applied to the experimental-numerical analysis of dominantly pressure-loaded aluminium columns exposed to transient heating. For transient tests, a low heating rate was applied because it simulates the existence of some form of fire protection that is obligatory in today's constructions due to strict regulations. The final part of the dissertation includes a parametric analysis of the influence of low heating rates (1 °C/min – 5 °C/min) of regular columns of simple aluminium construction and a comparison of the influence of creep strain on the failure time of the columns. The aforementioned parametric analysis was performed on the basis of the adopted creep model based on the results of the study carried out on aluminium test tubes and aluminium columns

    Preparation of Proof of Measures and a Bill of Cost : Master's Thesis

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    U ovom završnom radu bilo je potrebno na osnovu projektne dokumentacije izraditi dokaznicu mjera i troškovnik s kojim su obuhvaćeni grubi i završni građevinski radovi.In this final paper, it was necessary to draw up a proof of measure and a bill of cost based on the project documentation which includes rough and finished construction works

    LINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ITALIAN NEOSTANDARD POLITICAL DISCOURSE: THE CASE OF MATTEO RENZI

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    L’italiano neostandard è una variante della lingua italiana standard in una forma meno formale, più semplice e in qualche modo colloquiale che spesso non è accettata o semplicemente viene ignorata dalle tradizionali grammatiche, sebbene sia già ben consolidata e accettata nella pratica, e si riferisce principalmente alla popolazione istruita che ha una buona conoscenza sia del vocabolario che delle strutture colloquiali e colte. La nuova variante della lingua mostra in quale direzione si svilupperà la lingua in futuro, e il futuro punta alla semplicità e all’accessibilità, al punto che anche argomenti professionali, come un’intervista politica a Matteo Renzi, potranno essere espressi funzionalmente in modo più semplice e al di fuori dello schema dello standard che consideriamo una lingua prestigiosa.Neostandardni talijanski jezik je varijacija talijanskog standardnog jezika u manje formalnoj, jednostavnijoj, donekle kolokvijalnoj formi koje dosadašnje tradicionalne gramatike često ne prihvaćaju ili jednostavno ignoriraju, iako je u praksi već dobro ukorijenjen i prihvaćen, pritom se misli primarno na obrazovano stanovništvo koje se dobro služi i kolokvijalnim i učenim leksikom i strukturama. Nova varijacija jezika pokazuje u kojem će se smjeru jezik razvijati u budućnosti, a budućnost teži jednostavnosti i dostupnosti, do te mjere da se i stručne teme, kao što je politički intervju Mattea Renzija mogu funkcionalno jednostavnije izraziti i van okvira standarda kojeg smatramo prestižnim jezikom

    Construction of Parking Lot : Undergraduate Thesis

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    U radu je obrađen hipotetski slučaj izgradnje parkirališta za kojeg je potrebno odrediti sve tehnološke procese, odabrati strojeve za svaku od aktivnosti u pojedinim procesima, te uskladiti njihov rad pri skidanju humusnog, širokom iskopu, zaštiti pokosa i izgradnji parkirališta s asfaltnom površinom. Cilj je postizanje što veće učinkovitosti poštujući sve norme i standarde pri gradnji.This paper discusses a hypothetical case of constructing a parking lot, for which it is necessary to determine all technological processes. Select machines for each of the activities within the individual processes and coordinate their work in removing topsoil, wide excavation, slope protection, and parking lot construction with asphalt surfacing. The goal is to achieve maximum efficiency while adhering to all construction norms and standards

    Bacterial resistance to antibiotics in Acinetobacter isolates from wastewater treatment plants in Croatia

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    Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati fenotipsku osjetljivost izolata roda Acinetobacter na različite antibiotike. Uzorci vode su prikupljeni u uređajima za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda (UPOV) Katalinića brig i Stupe u Splitu, te na pripadajućim podmorskim ispustima. Ukupno je identificiran 91 izolat, među kojima su najzastupljeniji bili A. baumannii i A. pittii, dok su ostale vrste bile manje prisutne. Rezultati su pokazali značajnu razinu rezistencije na karbapeneme (meropenem, imipenem) i peniciline s inhibitorima β-laktamaze (piperacilin/tazobaktam, tikarcilin/klavulanska kiselina). A. baumannii je pokazao najveću učestalost rezistencije, dok je A. sichuaensis bio najosjetljiviji na testirane antibiotike. Najviša stopa rezistencije zabilježena je kod izolata iz influenta UPOV-a Katalinića brig, što može biti posljedica ulijevanja bolničkih otpadnih voda u ovaj UPOV. Naime, prethodne studije su pokazale da značajan selekcijski pritisak u takvim uvjetima povećava udio višestruko rezistentnih sojeva. Ovo istraživanje naglašava ulogu otpadnih voda kao rezervoara rezistentnih oportunističkih patogena, uključujući patogena kritičnog prioriteta, karbapenem-rezistentnog A. baumannii, kao i potrebu njihovog rigoroznog praćenja u cilju smanjenja javnozdravstvene prijetnje.The aim of this study was to examine the phenotypic sensitivity of isolates of the genus Acinetobacter to different antibiotics. Samples were collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Katalinić brig and Stupe in Split, including their submarine outfalls. A total of 91 isolates were identified, among which A. baumannii and A. pittii were the most abundant, while other species were less present. Results showed a significant level of resistance to carbapenems (meropenem, imipenem) and penicillins with β-lactamase inhibitors (piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid). A. baumannii showed the highest resistance rate whereas A. sichuaensis was the most sensitive to the antibiotics used. The highest resistance rate was recorded for isolates from the influent of UPOV Katalinić brig, which could be attributed to the presence of hospital wastewater. It was previously found that the selection pressure under such conditions increases the proportion of multiple resistant strains. The study highlights the role of wastewater as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogens, including the WHO critical-priority pathogens, the carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, as well as the need for their rigorous monitoring to reduce the public health threat

    LANGUAGE RIPETITION IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE

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    Il discorso politico ricorre spesso alla ripetizione linguistica come strumento per rafforzare i messaggi, costruire un’identità comunicativa e aumentare l’impatto retorico. Questo studio analizza i modelli di ripetizione nel discorso di due politiche italiane contemporanee – Giorgia Meloni ed Elly Schlein – sulla base delle classificazioni teoriche proposte da Bazzanella, Ponzi e De Roberto. Il corpus si fonda su interviste selezionate e gli esempi sono stati classificati in base alla funzione e al ruolo della ripetizione nel discorso politico. L’analisi mostra che Giorgia Meloni utilizza la ripetizione soprattutto per consolidare e affermare le proprie posizioni, mentre Elly Schlein si distingue per un uso più variegato, mirato alla coesione e alla strutturazione del discorso. Il lavoro offre uno sguardo sui modi in cui la ripetizione politica contribuisce alla chiarezza, alla credibilità e al ritmo del discorso, fornendo una panoramica delle diverse strategie impiegate nella comunicazione politica contemporanea.Political speech frequently employs linguistic repetition as a tool to emphasize messages, construct a communicative identity, and strengthen rhetorical impact. This study analyzes repetition patterns in the discourse of two contemporary Italian politicians – Giorgia Meloni and Elly Schlein – based on the theoretical classifications proposed by Bazzanella, Ponzi, and De Roberto. The corpus is built on selected interviews, and examples are categorized according to the function and role of repetition in the political discourse. The analysis shows that Giorgia Meloni mainly uses repetition to reinforce and affirm her positions, whereas Elly Schlein demonstrates a more varied use, emphasizing cohesion and structured speech. The study offers insight into how political repetition contributes to clarity, credibility, and the rhythm of speech, providing an overview of different strategies used in contemporary political communication

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