70 research outputs found
Etude des prévalences du paludisme, des IRA, des maladies diarrhéiques et de la malnutrition chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans dans la zone irriguée de Sélingué.
No full textLa présente étude a porté sur les fréquences de la fièvre présumée paludisme, des IRA, des diarrhées et de la malnutrition chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans. Elle avait pour objectif de déterminer la prévalence de ces affections dans deux aires de santé de Sélingué. Pour cela deux types d'études ont été réalisées ; l'une de type rétrospectif concernant les tendances du paludisme, des IRA et des diarrhées en décembre 2010 et l'autre transversale à passage unique en juillet 2011 pour la prévalence de la malnutrition. La population d'étude était constituée de 4490 et 3133 enfants âgés de 0 à 5 ans vus respectivement en consultation au niveau des CSCom de Binko et de Carrière de 2006 à 2010. L'étude transversale concernait 363 enfants de moins de cinq ans pour les deux aires de santé. La fièvre présumée paludisme a constitué la première cause des motifs de consultation à Binko avec (57,44 p.100 ) et à Carrière (63,84 p.100 ). Les IRA occupaient la deuxième place à Binko (17,93 p.100 ), tandis qu'à Carrière elles occupaient la troisième place (13,21 p.100 ). Les diarrhées venaient après les autres maladies (8,66 p.100 ) à Binko et (7,44 p.100 ) à Carrière. Concernant les variations des moyennes mensuelles nous avons observé une différence statistiquement significative des prévalences du paludisme à Binko (p égal 10-3) et à Carrière (p inférieur à 10-3). Il a observé un seul pic à Binko en juillet avec une moyenne de 109 cas/mois, par contre deux pics à Carrière ; le premier en juillet soit 69 cas/mois et le second en novembre soit 45 cas/mois. Par contre nous avons trouvé une variation significative des moyennes mensuelles des IRA (p égal 0,023) et des diarrhées (p inférieur à 10-3) seulement à Carrière où les pics de prévalence se situaient en août. Le taux d'émaciation dans notre zone d'étude était élevé 18,5 p.100, l'insuffisance pondérale concernait 17,6 p.100 des enfants traduisant l'existence d'une zone où la malnutrition était modérée. Dans la tranche d'âge des 6-17 mois, l'émaciation concernait 31 p.100 des enfants et la malnutrition globale 25,4 p.100 d'entre eux. La malnutrition aiguë était plus manifeste à Binko où elle concernait 21,9 p.100 des enfants. La situation nutritionnelle était donc précaire dans notre zone d'enquête et la malnutrition apparaissait précocement
Seasonality and shift in age-specific malaria prevalence and incidence in Binko and Carrière villages close to the lake in Selingué, Mali
No full textBACKGROUND: Malaria transmission in Mali is seasonal and peaks at the end of the rainy season in October. This study assessed the seasonal variations in the epidemiology of malaria among children under 10 years of age living in two villages in Selingué: Carrière, located along the Sankarani River but distant from the hydroelectric dam, and Binko, near irrigated rice fields, close to the dam. The aim of this study was to provide baseline data, seasonal pattern and age distribution of malaria incidence in two sites situated close to a lake in Selingué.METHODS: Geographically, Selingué area is located in the basin of Sakanrani and belongs to the district of Yanfolila in the third administrative region of Mali, Sikasso. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in October 2010 (end of transmission season) and in July 2011 (beginning of transmission season) to determine the point prevalence of asymptomatic parasitaemia, and anaemia among the children. Cumulative incidence of malaria per month was determined in a cohort of 549 children through active and passive case detection from November 2010 through October 2011. The number of clinical episodes per year was determined among the children in the cohort. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for malaria.RESULTS: The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia varied significantly between villages with a strong seasonality in Carrière (52.0-18.9 % in October 2010 and July 2011, respectively) compared with Binko (29.8-23.8 % in October 2010 and July 2011, respectively). Children 6-9 years old were at least twice more likely to carry parasites than children up to 5 years old. For malaria incidence, 64.8-71.9 % of all children experienced at least one episode of clinical malaria in Binko and Carrière, respectively. The peak incidence was observed between August and October (end of the rainy season), but the incidence remained high until December. Surprisingly, the risk of clinical malaria was two- to nine-fold higher among children 5-9 years old compared to younger children.CONCLUSIONS: A shift in the peak of clinical episodes from children under 5-9 years of age calls for expanding control interventions, such as seasonal malaria chemoprophylaxis targeting the peak transmission months.</p
LHCb computing tasks
No full textThis document describes the computing tasks of the LHCb computing system. It also describes the logistics of the dataflow between the tasks and the detailed requirements for each task, in particular the data sizes and CPU power requirements. All data sizes are calculated assuming that the LHCb experiment will take data about 107 s per year at a frequency of 200 Hz, which gives 2 \Theta 109 real events per year. The raw event size should not exceed 100 kB (200 TB per year). We will have to generate about 109 MonteCarlo events per year. The current MonteCarlo simulation program based on the GEANT3.21 package requires about 12 s to produce an average event (all CPU times are normalised to a 1000 MIPS processor). The size of an average MonteCarlo event will be about 200 kB (100 TB per year) of simulated data (without the hits). We will start to use the GEANT4 package in 1998. Rejection factors of 8 and 25 are required in the Level-2 and Level-3 triggers respectively, to reduce the frequency of events to 200 Hz. The goal is to achieve processing times of 10 ms per event for Level-2 and 200 ms per event for Level-3. Current reconstruction of an average MonteCarlo event takes about 2 s processing time. The expected size of a real reconstructed event will be about 70 kB (140 TB per year), the size of a MonteCarlo reconstructed event will be about 150 kB (150 TB per year). The total data volume will be about 0.7 PB per year, including about 2 TB analysis object data per year. The total processing power has to be about 2:7 \Theta 106 MIPS, about half of which will be needed in the Level-2 and Level-3 software triggers.
C-plus-plus coding conventions
No full textThe purpose of this document is to define one style of programming in C++. It contains LHCb naming conventions for all C++ entities, such as classes, data members, functions etc. It also contains practical and useful guidelines, including examples, which should be followed when writing C++ code. This will help to ensure understandable and good quality code. Support for training in the form of courses, recomended books and other documentation is also described. This document will be updated regularly as more experience is gained using the C++ language.
The INTEGRAL Ground Segment
No full textAstronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series 2004Authors: - R. Walter, A. Aubord, P. Bartholdi, M. Beck, V. Beckmann, P. Binko, J. Borkowski, M. Chernyakova, T. Contessi, T. Courvoisier, P. Dubath, K. Ebisawa, P. Favre, M. Gaber, D. G¨otz, T. Jaffe, D. Jennings, P. Kretschmar, D. Landriu, I. Lecoeur, L. Lerusse,T. Lock, M. Meharga, S. Mereghetti, N. Morisset, N. Mowlavi, S. Paltani, J. Peachey, K. Pottschmidt, B. O’Neel, N. Produit, R. Rohlfs, A. Sauvageon, S. Shaw, M. TurlerThe INTernational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), an observatory mission of the European Space Agency, was launched on October 17, 2002. Since then, nominal operations have been conducted successfully and scientific alerts and products are made available to the science community with a short delay. Here we briefly describe the 3 centres responsible for the INTEGRAL operations, with emphasis on the system built at the INTEGRAL Science Data Centre and conclude on the performance of the ground segment.https://aspbooks.org/custom/publications/paper/314-0432.htm
The BaBar detector: Upgrades, operation and performance
No full textContains fulltext :
121729.pdf (Author’s version preprint ) (Open Access
A systematic approach to the Planck LFI end-to-end test and its application to the DPC Level 1 pipeline
No full textThe Level 1 of the Planck LFI Data Processing Centre (DPC) is devoted to the handling of the scientific and housekeeping telemetry. It is a critical component of the Planck ground segment which has to strictly commit to the project schedule to be ready for the launch and flight operations. In order to guarantee the quality necessary to achieve the objectives of the Planck mission, the design and development of the Level 1 software has followed the ESA Software Engineering Standards. A fundamental step in the software life cycle is the Verification and Validation of the software. The purpose of this work is to show an example of procedures, test development and analysis successfully applied to a key software project of an ESA mission. We present the end-to-end validation tests performed on the Level 1 of the LFI-DPC, by detailing the methods used and the results obtained. Different approaches have been used to test the scientific and housekeeping data processing. Scientific data processing has been tested by injecting signals with known properties directly into the acquisition electronics, in order to generate a test dataset of real telemetry data and reproduce as much as possible nominal conditions. For the HK telemetry processing, validation software have been developed to inject known parameter values into a set of real housekeeping packets and perform a comparison with the corresponding timelines generated by the Level 1. With the proposed validation and verification procedure, where the on-board and ground processing are viewed as a single pipeline, we demonstrated that the scientific and housekeeping processing of the Planck-LFI raw data is correct and meets the project requirements
CERN RD45 STATUS REPORT - A PERSISTENT OBJECT MANAGER FOR HEP
No full textRD45 is a CERN project to investigate the issues concerning the storage and manip-
ulation of persistent objects for LHC era HEP experiments. There are a number of
existing efforts committed to the exploration of Object Oriented (00) techniques in a
wide variety of key areas for HEP computing in the LHC era. All of these projects will
need to handle persistent objects but none of them are addressing this question directly.
The goal of the RD45 project is to address the requirements of these projects and of
the LHC experiments themselves in terms of object persistency. An important theme of
the project is the use of standards. We start by identifying the standards involved, we
explain their interaction and examine their suitability for HEP computing environments.
We then describe the various prototyping activities that we have undertaken and present
the results that have been obtained so far. Finally, we examine future directions and
discuss the impact of the proposed technologies on HEP computing in general
A persistent object manager for HEP
No full textWe propose to perform research in the area of a Persistant Object Manager for HEP. Persistant Objects are those which continue to exist upon process termination and may be accessed by other processes. It is expected that any system based upon this research will work primarily but not necessarily exclusively in an Object Oriented environment. Target applications include follow on or replacement products for existing packages such as GEANT, HEPDB, FATMEN, BHBOOK, experiment specific code event storage. In this respect, it is expected that more functionality will be required than simple persistance. It will be one of the goals of the of the project to define this extra layer of functionality. Strong emphasis will be placed on the use of standards and/or existing solutions wherever possible
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