1,720,961 research outputs found
Essais sur la banque et les institutions
No full textThis dissertation examines the link between institutions and banking. It contributes to a better understanding of how formal and informal institutions shape bank behavior. The first chapter studies the impact of language future tense marking on bank risk taking. Languages that grammatically mark the future lead banks to take higher risk. Chapter two studies how gender marking in language affects financial inclusion. The presence of gender marking in language explains the gender gap in the probability of owning a formal account, having access to a formal credit, as well as having savings in a formal financial institution. Chapter three explores the influence of democratic development on access to credit for firms. Democracy contributes to alleviate firms’ financing constraints. The fourth chapter examines the consequences of corruption on bank efficiency. Banks operating in countries with high corruption are less efficient. Chapter five explores the effect of bank efficiency on firms’ access to credit. Greater bank efficiency improves access to credit for firms. Overall, this dissertation highlights the important role of institutions for financial development.Cette thèse examine le lien entre les institutions et la banque. Elle contribue à une meilleure compréhension de la manière dont les institutions formelles et informelles façonnent le comportement des banques. Le premier chapitre étudie l'impact du marquage du futur du langage sur la prise de risque bancaire. Les langages qui marquent grammaticalement l'avenir conduisent les banques à prendre plus de risque. Le chapitre deux étudie comment le marquage du genre dans la langue affecte l'inclusion financière. La présence du marquage de genre dans la langue explique l'écart entre les sexes dans la probabilité de posséder un compte formel, d'avoir accès à un crédit formel, ainsi que d'avoir une épargne dans une institution financière formelle. Le chapitre trois explore l'influence du développement démocratique sur l'accès au crédit pour les entreprises. La démocratie contribue à alléger les contraintes de financement des entreprises. Le quatrième chapitre examine les conséquences de la corruption sur l'efficacité des banques. Les banques opérant dans des pays à forte corruption sont moins efficaces. Le chapitre cinq examine l’effet de l’efficacité des banques sur l’accès au crédit des entreprises. Une plus grande efficacité bancaire améliore l'accès au crédit pour les entreprises. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse met en évidence le rôle important des institutions pour le développement financier
Regional favoritism in access to credit: Just believe it
No full textWe examine the effect of regional favoritism on the access of firms to credit. Using firm-level data on a large sample of 29,000 firms covering 47 countries, we investigate the hypothesis that firms in the birth regions of national political leaders have better access to credit. Our evidence suggests that firms located in birth regions of political leaders are less likely to be credit constrained. The effect takes place through the demand channel: firms in leader regions face fewer hurdles in applying for loans. We find no evidence, however, of preferential lending from banks to firms in leader regions. Thus, regional favoritism affects access to credit through differences in perceptions of firm managers, not deliberate changes in the allocation of resources by political leaders
The impact of mobile money adoption on firm innovation
No full textInternational audienceUsing firm-level survey data for 16 Sub-Saharan African countries, we find evidence that mobile money adoption increases firms’ innovation. Further analysis shows that mobile money fosters innovation by improving firms’ liquidity through greater access to trade credit and bank loans. Our findings suggest that policy measures to stimulate innovation in developing countries could focus on incentivizing firms to adopt mobile money
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Language gender-marking and borrower discouragement
No full textInternational audienceResearch suggests that sex-based grammatical systems in languages are associated with gender differences in economic behavior. Using cross-country data on firms, we find that gendered languages lead women entrepreneurs to be more discouraged from applying for credit than male entrepreneurs
Democracy and Intra-Africa Trade
No full textDespite numerous efforts by policymakers, trade among African countries remains abysmal. In this paper, we investigate whether democracy influences intra-Africa trade of goods. Using the gravity model on bilateral trade among 48 Sub-Sahara African countries over the period 2000 to 2018, we find that democracy fosters intra-Africa goods trade. This effect is more pronounced in the manufacturing sector. Reversals to autocracy, however, adversely impact intra-Africa trade flows. Our paper therefore highlights democratic development as an important channel for accelerating trade among African countries
Seeing risk, seizing opportunity: How perceived political instability affects firm investment
No full textInternational audienceDoes firm managers’ perception of political instability influence firms’ investment decisions? Using a large firm-level survey data of over 147,000 firms operating in 153 countries, we find evidence that a higher perception of political instability is positively related to firms’ investments. This effect is observed both on the extensive margin (likelihood to invest) and intensive margin (amount invested) and for investment in both land and equipment. Perception of political instability also influence how firms finance their investments: firms hold more cash on hand and borrow more from banks when they perceive political instability to be high. We also document that this effect is only observable for small and medium enterprises and those operating in less democratic regimes. The actual level of political instability in a country, however, has no effect on firm investment. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests
The role of accounting standards in financial inclusion
No full textInternational audienceStudies have shown that the adoption of high-quality accounting standards such as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) induces diverse economic outcomes by enhancing trust, transparency and market discipline. This paper examines the role of accounting standards in enhancing financial inclusion. Using the World Bank Global Findex database and the dataset on IFRS adoption by Song and Trimble (2022), we find that the adoption of IFRS increases the access and use of financial services. Shedding insight into our main findings, we show evidence of two underlying mechanisms through which the adoption of IFRS may foster financial inclusion: (i) enhancing trust and transparency in the financial system and (ii) reducing perceived corruption. Also, the beneficial effect of IFRS adoption on financial inclusion is evident in both developed and developing countries, suggesting that both developed and developing countries can leverage the adoption of IFRS as a tool for promoting greater financial access and usage. Furthermore, the documented increase in financial inclusion is more pronounced in countries with high regulatory and enforcement mechanisms. Robustness tests including instrumental variable approach confirm our findings. By providing evidence of the positive effect of IFRS adoption on financial inclusion, this paper has practical implications for policymakers and standard setters
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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