Portail HAL de l'Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale
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Laminopathies: natural history and risk prediction of heart failure
No full textInternational audienceBackground and aims: Patients with LMNA gene variants are at high risk for dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF), but no prediction model for severe HF events exists. This study aimed to describe the incidence of severe HF events and develop a prediction model in a large cohort of patients with adult-onset laminopathies.Methods: From a population of 660 patients enrolled in the French LMNA nationwide registry, 470 adults were included in the derivation cohort. An independent international validation cohort included 245 additional patients. Baseline characteristics at genetic testing were assessed and the cumulative incidence of the primary endpoint HF-major adverse cardiac events (HF-MACE) was calculated, defined as HF hospitalization, HF-related death, mechanical circulatory support, or heart transplantation. Predictors of HF-MACE were studied after excluding patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <30% at baseline using a Fine-Gray competing risk model, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), and Harrell's concordance (C-) index. A secondary composite endpoint, without hospitalization, was also studied.Results: Among 470 patients of the derivation cohort, HF-MACE occurred in 65 over a median follow-up of 7.1 years (interquartile range: 3.4-12.1). Four independent predictors of HF-MACE were identified: male sex (aHR 1.86; 95% CI 1.060-3.290), LVEF <50% (aHR 2.18; 95% CI 1.080-4.400), missense variants in head and rod domains (aHR 2.91; 95% CI 1.110-7.630), and complete left bundle branch block (aHR 2.99; 95% CI 1.400-6.400). The C-index of the model was 0.750 (95% CI 0.720-0.780) in the derivation cohort and 0.758 (95% CI 0.720-0.800) in the validation cohort. The 5-year cumulative incidence of HF-MACE was 1.5% (95% CI 0.6-3.6), 5.0% (95% CI 1.8-8.2), and 22.0% (95% CI 15.6-28.4) among patients with 0, 1, and ≥2 risk factors, respectively. In patients with LVEF <30% at baseline, the 1-year incidence of HF-MACE was 50%, and those patients were excluded from the risk score.Conclusions: The first prediction model for severe HF events in adult laminopathies was developed, which may facilitate early and optimal preventive management.Clinical trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT03058185
Saharan Recreation: From a Transformation of Bodily Experiences to a Transformation of Cultural Representations
No full textInternational audienceThis book explores the emerging concept of ‘slow sport’ – recreational movement practices that emphasize mindful engagement over competition. Targeted at philosophers of sport, wellness researchers, physical education specialists, and practitioners of mindful movement disciplines, this collection examines how intentional, non-competitive bodily practices cultivate deeper experiential connections with our environments. From yoga, meditation, and martial arts to Saharan recreational activities, contributors analyze how slowing down physical practice creates space for enhanced well-being, environmental attunement, and phenomenological richness.Ideal for academic readers interested in alternative approaches to physical culture, this book challenges conventional sport paradigms by highlighting how deliberate slowness transforms recreational movement into a philosophical practice – one that prioritizes qualitative experience over quantifiable results, fostering a more contemplative relationship between the human being and the environment
A Latent Representation Learning Framework for Hyperspectral Image Emulation in Remote Sensing
No full textSynthetic hyperspectral image (HSI) generation is essential for large-scale simulation, algorithm development, and mission design, yet traditional radiative transfer models remain computationally expensive and often limited to spectrum-level outputs. In this work, we propose a latent representation-based framework for hyperspectral emulation that learns a latent generative representation of hyperspectral data. The proposed approach supports both spectrum-level and spatial-spectral emulation and can be trained either in a direct one-step formulation or in a two-step strategy that couples variational autoencoder (VAE) pretraining with parameter-to-latent interpolation. Experiments on PROSAIL-simulated vegetation data and Sentinel-3 OLCI imagery demonstrate that the method outperforms classical regression-based emulators in reconstruction accuracy, spectral fidelity, and robustness to real-world spatial variability. We further show that emulated HSIs preserve performance in downstream biophysical parameter retrieval, highlighting the practical relevance of emulated data for remote sensing applications
Les détroits internationaux : une approche pluridisciplinaire
No full textInternational audienceAround 90% of international trade (in terms of tonnage) is carried out by sea, and these flows use the many natural or man-made straits (maritime and transoceanic canals). As both transverse and longitudinal passageways, straits play a fundamental role in maritime relations. This book takes a multidisciplinary and international approach to the Straits: legal, geographical, historical, environmental, economic and geopolitical. It examines their functions and the issues associated with them, both now and in the past, using specific examples: Artics, Dover, Gibraltar, Hormuz, Kerch, Malacca, Messina, Oresund, etc.Environ 90 % du commerce international (en termes de tonnage) s'effectue par voie maritime, et ces flux empruntent les nombreux détroits naturels ou artificiels (canaux maritimes et transocéaniques). En tant que voies de passage tant transversales que longitudinales, les détroits jouent un rôle fondamental dans les relations maritimes. Cet ouvrage adopte une approche multidisciplinaire et internationale des détroits : juridique, géographique, historique, environnementale, économique et géopolitique. Il examine leurs fonctions et les enjeux qui y sont associés, tant aujourd’hui que par le passé, à l’aide d’exemples concrets : l’Arctique, Douvres, Gibraltar, Ormuz, Kertch, Malacca, Messine, l’Öresund, etc
Cyclodextrin-in-Liposome for therapy: Advances and challenges
No full textInternational audienceThe concept of drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposomes (DCLs) was introduced to the scientific community thirty years ago by McCormack and Gregoriadis (1994). Since then, there have been ongoing advances in cyclodextrin (CD) and liposome technology. Various CD derivatives and subtypes of liposomes have emerged. CDs are known nowadays as sequestering agents of cholesterol from tissues and as solubilizers of many hydrophobic active compounds. However, CDs have poor bioavailability, which limits their oral administration. Moreover, CD/drug inclusion complexes are limited as controlled delivery systems due to their rapid dissociation in blood. On the other hand, hydrophobic drugs embedded in the lipid bilayer of liposomes may affect the lipid membrane stability and exhibit a low loading rate. This review focuses on the advantages that CD-in-liposomes (CLs) offer to the medical field as carriers that can transport CDs in either their free forms or as CD/drug inclusion complexes. Liposomes can also embed specific molecules on their surfaces, enabling targeting, which remains to date a challenge for modified CDs. This review summarizes the literature on the use of CL- or DCL-based formulations aimed at treating certain diseases and the mechanisms underlying their distribution and function
Switching cell wall-bound polysaccharides to secreted polysaccharides in lactobacilli
No full textInternational audienceBacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are carbohydrate polymers secreted into the environment. EPS produced by lactic acid bacteria have many valuable properties in the food and health sectors. In this study, we isolated spontaneous mutants of lactobacilli that overproduce EPS, using a selection method based on their slow sedimentation rate in a semi-liquid medium. In the mutants selected from several strains, we detected a missense mutation in epsD, which encodes a tyrosine kinase, or an insertion in epsC, which encodes its transmembrane modulator. Both genes were located within a gene cluster involved in Wzy-dependent polysaccharide biosynthesis. We then characterized selected Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus mutants in detail to gain insights into the mechanisms involved in EPS overproduction. We demonstrated that the single mutation D94L in the EpsD catalytic site prevents EpsD autophosphorylation. The chemical structure of the overproduced EPS was established, and consists of heptasaccharide repeating units with pyruvate substituents. In the wild-type parental strain, a polysaccharide with an identical structure was found covalently bound to the cell wall (CW) and covering the bacterial surface. In conclusion, our results indicate that the switch from CW-bound polysaccharides to EPS released into the environment is associated with a defect in autophosphorylation of the EpsD tyrosine kinase
Migration as Translation in Yan Ge’s Elsewhere (2023)
No full textInternational audienceThis article investigates the connection between migration and translation in contemporary Irish writing, drawing on translation and literary theories that prompt a reexamination of the nexus between migration and translation in terms of contiguity, connection and slow transformations, and against the resilient tropes of loss, disruption and the divided self, often associated with the literature of migration. It analyses Yan Ge’s interconnected short stories as examples that illustrate this dynamic, shedding light on the contradictory, yet productive view of translation and self-translation as spaces of conflict, friction and resistance on one hand, and freedom and creativity and on the other. Moving beyond both the adopted language and the mother tongue, as well as the binary dichotomies of original/translation, authenticity/inauthenticity and East/West, Yan Ge’s experimental short stories represent the imaginative and linguistic complexity of the migrant experience, not as something that occurs between Irish culture and something outside it, but as a phenomenon happening within the Irish context, bridging the Irish past and present, while staging various and conflicted processes of transformation and translation
Distinct contributions of suspended and sinking prokaryotes to mesopelagic carbon budget
No full textInternational audienceThe mesopelagic zone, between 100 and 1000 meters depth, is a crucial layer, in which carbon preliminary coming down from the surface is transformed before a portion makes it into the deep ocean. While eddies and their fronts influence surface productivity and carbon export, their effects deeper in the water column remain poorly understood. Here we show the importance and contribution of dark carbon fixation—the conversion of inorganic into organic carbon by prokaryotes—across five contrasting hydrological features in the North Atlantic, using isotopic tracers and quantification of chemoautotrophy genes. The approach allows simultaneous assessment of dark carbon fixation and heterotrophic activity of prokaryotes living suspended in seawater and attached to gravitationally settling particles. Our results highlight that heterotrophic prokaryotes attached to sinking particles contribute up to 21% of the total organic carbon required to sustain prokaryotic metabolism under the influence of eddy fronts. In contrast, dark carbon fixation by suspended prokaryotes can contribute up to half of the total carbon input to the mesopelagic zone in the cyclonic eddy. Our findings challenge the idea that carbon cycling in the mid-depth ocean is uniform, and highlight the need to integrate microbial fractions and physical heterogeneity into ocean carbon model
The Levi problem over generalized Hirzebruch manifolds
No full textWe review classical methods to solve the Levi problem in the presence of symmetries, established by Hirschowitz and by Grauert-Remmert-Ueda. We then illustrate these methods by solving the Levi problem in some new situations, namely generalized Hirzebruch manifolds and primary Hopf surfaces of non-diagonal type