1,095 research outputs found
Medium access control, error control and routing in underwater acoustic networks: a discussion on protocol design and implementation
No full textThe journey of underwater communication which began from Leonardo’s era took four and a half centuries to find practical applications for military purposes during World War II. However, over the last three decades, underwater acoustic communications witnessed a massive development due to the advancements in the design of underwater communicating
peripherals and their supporting protocols. Successively, doors are opened for a wide range of applications to employ in the underwater environment, such as oceanography, pollution
monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, navigation assistance, monitoring, coastal patrol and surveillance. Different applications may have different characteristics and hence, may require different network architectures. For instance, routing protocols designed for unpartitioned multi-hop networks are not suitable for Delay-Tolerant Networks. Furthermore, single-hop networks do not need routing protocols at all. Therefore, before
developing a protocol one must study the network architecture properly and design it accordingly.
There are several other factors which should also be considered with the network architecture while designing an efficient protocol for underwater networks, such as long propagation delay, limited bandwidth, limited battery power, high bit error rate of the channel and several other adverse properties of the channel, such as, multi-path, fading and refractive behaviors. Moreover, the environment also has an impact on the performance of the protocols designed for underwater networks. Even temperature changes in a single day have an impact on the performance of the protocols. A good protocol designed for any network should consider some or all of these characteristics to achieve better performance.
In this thesis, we first discuss the impact of the environment on the performance of MAC and routing protocols. From our investigation, we discover that even temperature changes within a day may affect the sound speed profile and hence, the channel changes and the protocol performance vary. After that we discuss several protocols which are specifically designed for underwater acoustic networks to serve different purposes and for different network architectures. Underwater Selective Repeat (USR) is an error control protocol designed to assure reliable data transmission in the MAC layer. One may suspect that employing an error control technique over a channel which already suffers from long propagation delays is a burden. However, USR utilizes long propagation by transmitting multiple packets in a single RTT using an interlacing technique. After USR, a routing protocol for surveillance networks is discussed where some sensors are laid down at the bottom of the sea and some sinks are placed outside the area. If a sensor detects an asset within its detection range, it announces the presence of intruders by transmitting packets to the sinks. It may happen
that the discovered asset is an enemy ship or an enemy submarine which creates noise to jam the network. Therefore, in surveillance networks, it is necessary that the protocols have
jamming resistance capabilities. Moreover, since the network supports multiple sinks with similar anycast address, we propose a Jamming Resistance multi-path Multi-Sink Routing
Protocol (MSRP) using a source routing technique. However, the problem of source routing is that it suffers from large overhead (every packet includes the whole path information) with
respect to other routing techniques, and also suffers from the unidirectional link problem. Therefore, another routing protocol based on a distance vector technique, called Multi-path
Routing with Limited Cross-Path Interference (L-CROP) protocol is proposed, which employs a neighbor-aware multi-path discovery algorithm to support low interference multiple paths
between each source-destination pair. Following that, another routing protocol is discussed for next generation coastal patrol and surveillance network, called Underwater Delay-Tolerant
Network (UDTN) routing where some AUVs carry out the patrolling work of a given area and report to a shore based control-center. Since the area to be patrolled is large, AUVs
experience intermittent connectivity. In our proposed protocol, two nodes that understand to be in contact with each other calculate and divide their contact duration equally so that
every node gets a fair share of the contact duration to exchange data. Moreover, a probabilistic spray technique is employed to restrict the number of packet transmissions and for error correction a modified version of USR is employed.
In the appendix, we discuss a framework which was designed by our research group to realize underwater communication through simulation which is used in most of the simulations in this thesis, called DESERT Underwater (short for DEsign, Simulate, Emulate and Realize Test-beds for Underwater network protocols). It is an underwater extension of the
NS-Miracle simulator to support the design and implementation of underwater network protocols. Its creation assists the researchers in to utilizing the same codes designed for the
simulator to employ in actual hardware devices and test in the real underwater scenario
RESPON VARIETAS DAN PEMUPUKAN N, P, DAN K TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN GULMA DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG (ZEA MAYS L.)
No full textM. SAIFUL FAJRI / 0805101050163. Respon Varietas dan Pemupukan N, P,dan K Terhadap Pertumbuhan Gulma dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)dibawah bimbingan Hasanuddin selaku pembimbing utama dan Siti Hafsah selakupembimbing anggota.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan gulma dan hasilbeberapa varietas tanaman jagung pada berbagai taraf pupuk N, P, dan K. Penelitianini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP)Aceh, Lampineung, Banda Aceh, sejak Juni 2012 sampai dengan September 2012.Bahan yang digunakan adalah Jagung varietas Bima 4, Bima 10, Bisma, dan,pupuk Urea, SP-36, KCl. Alat-alat yang digunakan adalah timbangan analitik,cangkul, meteran, jangka sorong dan frame. Rancangan yang digunakan adalahRancangan Petak Terpisah (Split-Plot Design) pola RAK. Petak utama adalahVarietas tanaman jagung yang terdiri dari 3 aras, yaitu V1 = Bima 4, V2 = Bima 10,dan V3 = Bisma. Anak petak adalah Pupuk N, P, dan K terdiri dari 2 aras, yaituP1 = Urea 200 kg ha-1 + SP36 75 kg ha-1 + KCl 25 kg ha-1, dan P2 = Urea 225 kg ha-1+ SP36 100 kg ha-1 + KCl 50 kg ha-1.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas berpengaruh terhadap bobotkering gulma pada 42 HST. Dosis pupuk N, P, dan K berpengaruh terhadap jumlahjenis gulma pada 21 HST, diameter tongkol, dan hasil pipilan kering. Ada interaksiantara varietas dan dosis pupuk N, P, dan K terhadap bobot kering gulma pada 21HST
Publisher Correction: JMJD5 is a human arginyl C-3 hydroxylase
No full textThe originally published version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Md. Saiful Islam, which was incorrectly given as Saiful Islam. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.</jats:p
PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN INTERNET SEBAGAI MEDIA MEMPEROLEH SUMBER BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS II OTOMOTIF PADA MATA DIKLAT MOTOR/ENGINE DI SMKN 2 PENGASIH Oleh: SAIFUL KURNIA ADHY SETIAWAN NIM. 07504244030 ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui intensitas pemanfaatan internet siswa kelas II otomotif di SMK N 2 Pengasih dalam memperoleh sumber belajar alternatif mata diklat engine, serta mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan internet sebagai media memperoleh sumber belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas II otomotif pada mata diklat engine/motor di SMK N 2 pengasih. Jenis penelitian ini adalah ex post facto, menggunakan teknik perbandingan (komparatif). Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMK N 2 Pengasih dengan jumlah 99 siswa. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan teknik Sampling Purposive diperoleh 78 siswa sebagai sampel penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Validitas intrumen melalui pendapat para ahli (expert judgement) dan mengujicobakan instrumen dengan pengujian hasil validitas menggunakan product moment. Reliabilitas instrumen diuji dengan menggunakan Alpha Chronbach. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data hasil penelitian adalah statistik deskriptif komparatif dan uji beda (t-test). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian, terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar antara efektifitas siswa pemanfaatan internet tinggi dengan efektifitas pemanfaatan internet rendah. Diperoleh hasil thitung pemanfaaran internet lebih besar daripada ttabel yaitu 7,076 > 2,024. Sedangkan perolehan nilai thitung prestasi belajar siswa dibandingkan ttabel yaitu 18,333> 2,024. Dengan demikian efektifitas pemanfaatan internet yang tinggi berbeda signifikan dengan efektifitas pemanfaatan internet yang rendah sebagai media sumber belajar terhadap prestasi belajar pada mata diklat engine/motor.
No full textPENGARUH PEMANFAATAN INTERNET SEBAGAI MEDIA
MEMPEROLEH SUMBER BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR
SISWA KELAS II OTOMOTIF PADA MATA DIKLAT MOTOR/ENGINE DI
SMKN 2 PENGASIH
Oleh:
SAIFUL KURNIA ADHY SETIAWAN
NIM. 07504244030
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui intensitas pemanfaatan
internet siswa kelas II otomotif di SMK N 2 Pengasih dalam memperoleh sumber
belajar alternatif mata diklat engine, serta mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan
internet sebagai media memperoleh sumber belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa
kelas II otomotif pada mata diklat engine/motor di SMK N 2 pengasih.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah ex post facto, menggunakan teknik perbandingan
(komparatif). Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMK
N 2 Pengasih dengan jumlah 99 siswa. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan teknik
Sampling Purposive diperoleh 78 siswa sebagai sampel penelitian. Teknik
pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket dan
dokumentasi. Validitas intrumen melalui pendapat para ahli (expert judgement) dan
mengujicobakan instrumen dengan pengujian hasil validitas menggunakan product
moment. Reliabilitas instrumen diuji dengan menggunakan Alpha Chronbach.
Analisis data yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data hasil penelitian adalah statistik
deskriptif komparatif dan uji beda (t-test).
Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian, terdapat perbedaan prestasi
belajar antara efektifitas siswa pemanfaatan internet tinggi dengan efektifitas
pemanfaatan internet rendah. Diperoleh hasil thitung pemanfaaran internet lebih
besar daripada ttabel yaitu 7,076 > 2,024. Sedangkan perolehan nilai thitung prestasi
belajar siswa dibandingkan ttabel yaitu 18,333> 2,024. Dengan demikian efektifitas
pemanfaatan internet yang tinggi berbeda signifikan dengan efektifitas
pemanfaatan internet yang rendah sebagai media sumber belajar terhadap prestasi
belajar pada mata diklat engine/motor
Microbiologically Documented Infection And Antimicrobial Sensitivities In Pediatric Malignancy Patients With Febrile Neutropenia At Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
No full textAbstract
Abstract. Background: Febrile neutropenia in malignancy children increase the risk of infection, morbidity and mortality. Microbiologically documented infection in pediatric malignancy has not been studied in Saiful Anwar Hospital. Purpose: Determine profile of blood, urine, sputum, and wound bed culture and antimicrobial sensitivities pattern in pediatric malignancy patients with febrile neutropenia. Methods: Pediatric malignancy patients with febrile neutropenia and microbiologically documented infection admitted to dr Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang, were studied from 2016 to 2019. Bacterial and fungal etiology were identified, along with antimicrobial sensitivities patterns. Results: 53 (17%) of 307 pediatric malignancy patients with febrile neutropenia experienced 75 episodes of microbiologically documented infection. 40 (53,3%) gram-negative and 34 (45,3%) gram-positive isolated from 75 isolated pathogens. The most common gram-negative were Klebsiella pneumonia (n=15) and Escherichia coli (n=8). The most common gram-positive were Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (n=14) and Enterococcus faecalis (n=7). Escherichia coli, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus were 100% sensitive to all tested antimicrobials. Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumanni were 100% sensitive to almost all tested antimicrobials. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found less sensitive (0-80%) to all tested antimicrobials. Conclusion: Investigation of antimicrobial sensitivities of these organisms may guide successful antimicrobial therapy and improve quality of pediatric malignancy care
Planetary stewardship in an urbanizing world: beyond city limits
No full textCities are rapidly increasing in importance as a major factor shaping the Earth system, and as such must take corresponding responsibility. With currently over half of the world population, cities are supported by resources originating from primarily rural regions that are often located around the world far distant from the urban loci of use. The multiple and complex environmental and social challenges the world faces require interconnected solutions and a coordinated governance approach to planetary stewardship. There is a new opportunity to conceptualize a key component of planetary stewardship as a global system of cities that develop sustainable processes and policies in concert with its non-urban areas. The potential for cities to cooperate as a system and with rural connectivity could not only increase their capacity to effect change and foster stewardship at the planetary scale but also increase their resource security
Studi Penggunaan Obat Neuroprotektan Pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik (Penelitian Di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang)
No full textStroke is a neurological disease caused by a blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain. Stroke is the number one cause of disability in the world, the second leading killer worldwide and the third leading cause of death in the United States. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke that occurs 88%. The goal of acute stroke treatment are to reduce the ongoing neurologic injury and decrease mortality and long-term disability. Neuroprotectan is one of therapy that intended to reduce the occurrence of cell damage due to impaired blood flow to supply oxygen.The study aims to determine patterns of neuroprotectan utilization in patient with ischemic stroke and to examine the relationship neuroprotectan therapy related to the dose, route of administration, frequency of administration, duration and timing of administration associated with clinical data at the Hospital of Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. The study is a retrospective observational with consecutive sampling method in ischemic stroke patients from october to december 2012. This study showed there were 95 patients (93.14%) received citicoline, 2 patients (4.90%) received piracetam, and 5 patients (4.90%) received combination of citicoline-piracetam. Neuroprotectan used by i.v and oral administration dominated with (2x1g)/iv citicoline then (2x1g)/p.o as 27 patients (26,47%). The use of neuroprotectan dose, route of administration, interval of administration, and duration of administration that given in ischemic stroke patients in inpatient Dr. Saiful Anwar was appropriate according to some existing guidelines.
Key words: neuroprotectan, inpatients, ischemic stroke
Assessing risk management maturity for construction projects in Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) / Saiful Jumali
No full textUnder the Ninth Malaysia Plan (9MP), Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) was burdened by too many projects. Therefore, financial and time losses sometimes occurred during the process of building procurement until project implementation when managing risks not properly. The aim of this study was to assess the maturity of risk management for construction projects in JKR. In order to achieve this aim, three objectives have been outlined in this study; to establish the relationship between attributes, to identify the high influence indices of risk management attributes for construction projects in JKR and to identify the current overall risk management maturity for construction projects in JKR. In this study, four attributes were chosen for JKR risk management maturity model. The four attributes namely culture/ awareness, experiences, processes and practices. Therefore, in this study had used four levels of maturity namely level 1: Initial, level 2: Established, level 3: Managed and level 4: Optimized. This study was conducted using a questionnaire survey among professional in all JKR branches which cover business sector, management sector, expert sector and JKR state. A total of 133 out of 580 completed questionnaires were returned. This research found a strong and positive relationship between processes attribute and experiences attribute [r=0.781,N=133, p=0.0005]. The high influence indices of risk management attributes for construction projects in JKR was the acceptance of risk management in JKR. The empirical research findings showed that the overall risk management maturity levels for construction projects in the JKR were 2.52. The four (4) attributes to assess risk management maturity for construction projects in JKR namely culture/ awareness, experiences, processes and practices were achieved between level 2 and level 3 or between “managed" and “optimized” based on the JKR Risk Management Maturity Model proposed in this research
OPTIMALISASI PERAWATAN CYLINDER HEAD GUNA MENJAGA PERFORMA MESIN INDUK DI MV. SINAR SABANG
No full textABSTRAKSI
Saiful Anjas Putra, NIT. 52155760 T, 2019 “Optimalisasi Perawatan Cylinder Head
Guna Menjaga Performa Mesin Induk Di Kapal MV. Sinar Sabang Dengan
Metode Fishbone Dan Fault Tree Analysis” Program Diploma IV, Teknika,
Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang, Pembimbing I: H.Mustholiq.MM,
Pembimbing II: Budi Joko Raharjo.MM.
Mesin induk merupakan bagian terpenting dari sebuah kapal sebagai
tenaga pendorong, dimana kelancaran pengoprasian sebuah mesin induk sangat
dipengaruhi oleh perawatan dan perbaikan yang optimal terutama komponenkomponen
dalam mesin induk. Dan bagaimana mengatasi apabila terjadi
kerusakan tersebut agar tidak terulang kembali, sehingga mesin selalu dalam
kondisi yang prima dalam prosesi pelayaran.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah metode penelitian Fault
Tree Analysis dan Fishbone Analysis. Dengan menggunakan gabungan dua
metode yang dapat mencari penyebab suatu masalah yang terjadi dan mengetahui
akar dari permasalahan yang terjadi.
Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, bagianbagian
dari cylinder head yang rusak antara lain, patahnya baut cylinder head,
kompressi yang besar akibat pengkabutan injector yang tidak sesuai, sistem
pendinginan bocor, rusaknya exhaust valve dan buruknya manajemen perawatan
dan perbaikan. Berikut adalah faktor yang menyebabkan menurunnya kinerja dari
mesin induk di atas kapal MV. Sinar Sabang.
ABSTRACT
Saiful Anjas Putra, NIT. 52155760 T, 2019 "Optimization of Cylinder Head Care to
Maintain the Performance of Master Machines in MV Ships. Sinar Sabang
With Fishbone Method And Fault Tree Analysis "Diploma IV Program,
Teknika, Marchan Marine Polytechnic Of Semarang, Supervisor I:
H.Mustholiq.MM, Supervisor II: Budi Joko Raharjo.MM.
The main engine is the most important part of a ship as a driving force,
where the smooth operation of a main engine is strongly influenced by optimal
maintenance and repair, especially the components in the main engine. And how
to overcome if there is damage so that it does not happen again, so that the
machine is always in prime condition in the cruise procession.
The research method used by the author is the Fault Tree Analysis and
Fishbone Analysis research methods. By using a combination of two methods
that can find the cause of a problem that occurs and know the root of the problem
that occurs.
The results obtained from this study indicate that, the damaged parts of
the cylinder head include broken cylinder head bolts, large compression due to
unsuitable injectors, leaky cooling systems, exhaust valve damage and poor
maintenance and repair management. The following are the factors that cause a
decrease in the performance of the main engine aboard the MV. Sinar Sabang
Perbedaan Sisa Makanan Pada Berbagai Bentuk Makanan Menggunakan Metode Digital Imaging Di Rsud Dr. Saiful Anwar Kota Malang
No full textAsupan makanan yang kurang di Rumah sakit akan menyebabkan adanya sisa makanan pada alat saji pasien. Bentuk makanan yang ada di rumah sakit terdiri dari bentuk makanan biasa, lunak, saring dan cair. Pasien yang mendapatkan bentuk makanan modifikasi memiliki sisa makanan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bentuk makanan biasa. Metode digital imaging adalah sebuah alternatif untuk mengestimasi sisa makanan pada bentuk makanan biasa dan modifikasi apabila dibandingkan dengan metode estimasi visual lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan sisa makanan pada berbagai bentuk makanan (biasa, lunak, saring dan cair) di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. Studi cross sectional observasional dilakukan dengan melakukan digital imaging pada pre dan post makanan pasien kemudian dilakukan estimasi sisa menggunakan metode comstock 7 poin (utuh, dimakan sesuap, sisa 1/4, sisa 1/2, sisa 3/4, sisa sesuap dan habis). Sampel dipilih dengan metode acak sederhana untuk dibagi dalam 4 kelompok bentuk makanan, yaitu makanan biasa (n = 40), makanan lunak (n = 40), makanan saring (n = 40) dan makanan cair (n = 40). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sisa makanan pada bentuk makanan biasa, lunak, saring dan cair memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna (Kruskal wallis, p <0,05). Perbedaan terjadi pada makanan biasa – cair, makanan lunak – saring dan makanan saring - cair (uji Mann Whitney, p <0,05). Perbedaan sisa makanan dapat terjadi karena perbedaan usia pada responden, kelas perawatan, dan jenis diet yang diberikan kepada pasien. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan sisa makanan pada berbagai bentuk makanan di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan agar dilakukan inovasi untuk meningkatkan asupan pasien dengan bentuk makanan cair
- …
