14 research outputs found
Roti taboon di tebing barat / Dr. Muhammad Remy Othman
No full textProudly mentioned, the poems featured in this anthology are a testimony to the depth of feelings, spirits, and the tireless solidarity of the authors with the Palestinian people. Each poem written from the depth and breadth of the soul serves as a powerful reminder of the shared humanity that unites us all
Corak taburan spatial serta potensi allelopati Cuscuta campestris Yuncker di Semenanjung Malaysia / Muhammad Remy Othman
No full textGolden dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yuncker) is a problematic weed in abandoned, derelict, open and crop areas in Peninsular of Malaysia. In year 2009-2011, a research was conducted throughout the Peninsular of Malaysia. The objectives of the research are to list down the host of C. campestris, to identify the chemical compounds of active ingredients in C. campestris, to determine the allelopathy level of C. campestris, and to find out the types of protein that exist and the special features of C. campestris. The north part of Peninsular Malaysia had recorded 601.32 cm² of C. campestris population at 59 area involving 56 species of host followed by the East part of Peninsular Malaysia with dispersion of population at 92 area covering 118.32 cm2 involving 49 species and the Middle part of Peninsula Malaysia had recorded 3545.02 cm2 with 59 population area. Not more than 12 types of species of agricultural plant and 70 species of weed species become host of C. campestris. The species of Asystasia gangetica, Mikania micrantha, and Chromolaena odorata are the most common host found whereas C.campestris are usually inhibit cover crop (Calopogonium mucunoides and Pueraria phaseoloides), immature cassava, palm tree, and rubber tree. The TLC measurement and 1H NMR which had been conducted by combining the compounds of kaempferol are the main basis in C. campestris which produce the yellow colour of its stem. An extract from C. campestris is tested to determine the level of inhibition towards selected seeds and reveals that ethanol extract results in the effect of inhibition more than the other extract. SDS protein test reveal Pectin Methylesterase contained in C. campestris and its host was channelled by haustoria
High-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOFMS) analysis on the ethanol:water (80:20) extract of Lawsonia inermis leaves
No full textLawsonia inermis (Henna), (Lythraceae), contains a high amount of phenolic compounds which could activate antioxidants to help reduce free radicals. In this study, the compound content found in the ethanol:water (80:20) extract of local Lawsonia inermis was determined using HPLC-QTOFMS. The 1H-NMR results were used to determine the peak that exists for the group compounds. Chromatographic peaks were detected and integrated by the MassHunter Acquisition B.07.00 for the Agilent TOF and QTOF and MassHunter Qualitative Analysis B.07.00. The ethanol:water (80:20) extract of L. inermis have shown, predominantly, the presence of phenolic compounds (coumarins, flavonoids, naphthalene, and gallic acid) which are highly glycosylated. The presence of compounds such as apiin, lawsone, apigenin, luteolin, cosmosiin, and p-coumaric acid were also found
Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) in Hadith perspective: applications in Malay ethnobotany and its antioxidant activity
No full textHenna, known since ancient years as a plant with multiple usage, has its benefits reported in the Hadith and Malay ethnobotany. Nevertheless, scientific research on henna's potential as an agent for wound healing is still limited Natural antioxidant compounds in plants are very crucial in wound healing process. Generally, an antioxidant functions to slow down skin inflammation and thus prevents the thromboplastin enzyme from being attacked by free radicals in the wound healing process of the human skin system. The objective of this research is to prove the existence of antioxidant compounds in henna extract. The research methodology is to test the antioxidant content in henna by comparing with standard antioxidant compounds, namely, quercetine and gallic acid, using the DPPH Test. The research results show the existence ofantioxidant compounds in henna, which function to assist the wound healing process naturally. Applying henna for wound healing was practised by Prophet Muhammad (PB1,7-1). This experimental finding is vey important for further experiments, such as test on toxicity levels and anti-inflammatory activity of henna extract in rat stomach (gastroprotective)
Penulisan Alasan Penghakiman dan Prosedur di Mahkamah Syariah Berpandukan Hadis: Analisis Pemakaian dan Pengecualian
No full textFakta kes, keterangan dari pihak-pihak, rujukan nas al-Quran dan Hadis serta pendapat fuqaha’ merupakan perkara penting yang perlu diberi perhatian oleh Hakim Syarie sebelum sesuatu alasan penghakiman dibuat. Pemakaian Hadis merupakan antara sumber terpenting di dalam penghakiman kes Syariah dan turut menjadi asas bagi prosedur di Mahkamah Syariah yang terangkum di dalam Enakmen Tatacara Mal Mahkamah Syariah Selangor dan negeri-negeri lain. Hal ini dikuatkan lagi dengan keputusan kes-kes yang diputuskan di Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia. Kertas ini membincangkan pemakaian dan pengecualian Hadis di dalam alasan penghakiman dan prosedur dengan menggunakan kaedah empirical study menerusi peruntukan seksyen dan kes-kes yang diputuskan. Hasil kajian ini mendapati ada beberapa peruntukan seksyen dan kes-kes yang mengguna pakai dan mengecualikan prinsip Hadis ini. Bagi pengecualian, kertas kajian ini menghuraikan rasional bagi pengecualian pemakaian Hadis tersebut
Toxicity of Malaysian Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica
No full textThe insecticidal activities of extracts from 22 Malaysian medicinal plant extracts from 8 botanical families were tested against rice weevil: Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and lesser grain borer: Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). The extracts were obtained using hexane, methanol, and dichloromethane to extract potential biopesticides from dried leaves. The toxicity levels were examined periodically based on antifeedant activity and contact toxicity assays using treated grain assay. Hexane extracts of Alpinia conchigera, Alpinia scabra, Curcuma mangga, Curcuma purpurascens, Goniothalamus tapisoides, Piper sarmentosum , and methanol extracts of Curcuma aeruginosa, C. mangga , and Mitragyna speciosa were the most potent extracts against S. oryzae and R. dominica with lethal concentration (LC50) values of ≤ 0.42 mg/mL and ≤ 0.49 mg/mL, respectively. The contact toxicity test results showed that methanol extracts of C. aeruginosa and C. mangga , dichloromethane extracts of Cryptocarya nigra , and hexane extracts of C. mangga, and C. purpurascens resulted in 100% mortality of both pests within 28 days exposure of 5 mg/cm2 concentration
Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms
No full textBackground: COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory illness; however, many patients present to hospital without respiratory symptoms. The association between non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19 and outcomes remains unclear. We investigated risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients with no respiratory symptoms (NRS) and respiratory symptoms (RS) at hospital admission. Methods: This study describes clinical features, physiological parameters, and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients, stratified by the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms at hospital admission. RS patients had one or more of: cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, runny nose or wheezing; while NRS patients did not. Results: Of 178,640 patients in the study, 86.4 % presented with RS, while 13.6 % had NRS. NRS patients were older (median age: NRS: 74 vs RS: 65) and less likely to be admitted to the ICU (NRS: 36.7 % vs RS: 37.5 %). NRS patients had a higher crude in-hospital case-fatality ratio (NRS 41.1 % vs. RS 32.0 %), but a lower risk of death after adjusting for confounders (HR 0.88 [0.83-0.93]). Conclusion: Approximately one in seven COVID-19 patients presented at hospital admission without respiratory symptoms. These patients were older, had lower ICU admission rates, and had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for confounders
The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC
No full textInternational audienc
At-admission prediction of mortality and pulmonary embolism in an international cohort of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 using statistical and machine learning methods
No full textBy September 2022, more than 600 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported globally, resulting in over 6.5 million deaths. COVID-19 mortality risk estimators are often, however, developed with small unrepresentative samples and with methodological limitations. It is highly important to develop predictive tools for pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 patients as one of the most severe preventable complications of COVID-19. Early recognition can help provide life-saving targeted anti-coagulation therapy right at admission. Using a dataset of more than 800,000 COVID-19 patients from an international cohort, we propose a cost-sensitive gradient-boosted machine learning model that predicts occurrence of PE and death at admission. Logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards models, and Shapley values were used to identify key predictors for PE and death. Our prediction model had a test AUROC of 75.9% and 74.2%, and sensitivities of 67.5% and 72.7% for PE and all-cause mortality respectively on a highly diverse and held-out test set. The PE prediction model was also evaluated on patients in UK and Spain separately with test results of 74.5% AUROC, 63.5% sensitivity and 78.9% AUROC, 95.7% sensitivity. Age, sex, region of admission, comorbidities (chronic cardiac and pulmonary disease, dementia, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, obesity, smoking), and symptoms (any, confusion, chest pain, fatigue, headache, fever, muscle or joint pain, shortness of breath) were the most important clinical predictors at admission. Age, overall presence of symptoms, shortness of breath, and hypertension were found to be key predictors for PE using our extreme gradient boosted model. This analysis based on the, until now, largest global dataset for this set of problems can inform hospital prioritisation policy and guide long term clinical research and decision-making for COVID-19 patients globally. Our machine learning model developed from an international cohort can serve to better regulate hospital risk prioritisation of at-risk patients
Association of Country Income Level With the Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients Hospitalized With Acute Kidney Injury and COVID-19
No full textIntroduction
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been identified as one of the most common and significant problems in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. However, studies examining the relationship between COVID-19 and AKI in low- and low-middle income countries (LLMIC) are lacking. Given that AKI is known to carry a higher mortality rate in these countries, it is important to understand differences in this population.
Methods
This prospective, observational study examines the AKI incidence and characteristics of 32,210 patients with COVID-19 from 49 countries across all income levels who were admitted to an intensive care unit during their hospital stay.
Results
Among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), AKI incidence was highest in patients in LLMIC, followed by patients in upper-middle income countries (UMIC) and high-income countries (HIC) (53%, 38%, and 30%, respectively), whereas dialysis rates were lowest among patients with AKI from LLMIC and highest among those from HIC (27% vs. 45%). Patients with AKI in LLMIC had the largest proportion of community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) and highest rate of in-hospital death (79% vs. 54% in HIC and 66% in UMIC). The association between AKI, being from LLMIC and in-hospital death persisted even after adjusting for disease severity.
Conclusions
AKI is a particularly devastating complication of COVID-19 among patients from poorer nations where the gaps in accessibility and quality of healthcare delivery have a major impact on patient outcomes
