26 research outputs found
Primary Schools Teachers’ Licensing and Relicensing Practices in South West Shewa Zone
No full textThe purpose of this study was to examine the practice of teacher licensing and relicensing
implementation for primary school teachers and to identify the challenges related to a low
score in the competency exam in South West Shewa Zone. It was concerned with identifying the
extent of implementing the criteria and process of teachers licensing and relicensing, the
challenges observed in implementing and how teachers and school leaders perceive its
importance as quality assurance and professional development. This study employed the
concurrent mixed research design including both quantitative and qualitative methods by more
focusing on quantitative one. A total of 522 respondents including 339 teachers sampled
through multistage sampling in which simple random sampling techniques were employed and
159 school leaders sampled through comprehensive sampling from the schools’ teachers were
selected; and 24 zone and woreda education office heads and experts, and Woreda and school
teachers’ association representatives selected using purposive sampling techniques were
participated in responding the questionnaires ant interview. Questionnaires, interviews, and
document analysis were used to collect data for the study. The data were analyzed using
descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviations) with the help of
SPSS version 20. Based on the analysis of the data, it was found that the implementation of
both criteria and process of teachers licensing and renewing according the guide and
teachers’ competency exam result were found low. And also teachers’ perception regarding
teachers licensing implementation was low or negatively perceived teachers licensing and
relicensing. The study also found that teachers licensing and relicensing was challenging by
low preparation of teachers for teachers’ competency exam, low awareness of teachers on
standards and different directives of teachers licensing and high workload on teachers and
also connection of teachers licensing with teachers’ career development was low. The study
concluded that teachers licensing and relicensing was not implementing according to the
directives and guideline established and lack of awareness of different parties was challenging
the implementation of teachers licensing. Based on these findings and conclusion drown,
capacitating teachers and other professionals, implementing teachers licensing and relicensing
according to the directives and guidelines and facilitating the online test and assessment
mechanism were suggested
Retraction of Article: Mossie A et al
No full textRetraction of Article: Mossie A et al
The Editorial Board of the Journal has come to know that one of the article published in the journal by Mossie A is also published in another journal. The two publications are not just duplicate publications but are also grossly distorted Making the scientific credibility of the author very doubtful. The distorted duplicates are:
A. Mossie A, Taha H and Tekli Y. Effect of Khat on blood pressure and hear, a community based study. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development
2002;16(3):325-334.
B. Mossie A. The prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of Khat
chewing in Jimma town, South Western Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health
Sciences. 2002;12(2):69-80.
The Editorial Board deeply regrets such happening which resulted due to the failure of the author, Mossie A, to respect the professional responsibility entrusted on him. The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development is a peer-reviewed journal and requires all authors to declare originality of their manuscripts and to fully comply with scientific and ethical standards of publication. Any practice contrary to this is unacceptable. In order to prevent such activity in the future the Editorial Board has taken the following decisions:
1. to retract all publications in the Ethiopian Journal of Health Development in which Andualem Mossie is the primary author;
2. to remove the publications from the journal's electronic database to that they cannot be accessed online;
3. to ban Andualem Mossie from submitting manuscripts either as primary or coauthor to the journal for unlimited period; and
4. to provide announcement of the decision in the Journal.
The Board deeply regrets being associated with such incidence and assures its esteemed readers that necessary actions are taken to prevent such happenings
Synthesis of ZnO and ZnO/PVA nanocomposite using aqueous Moringa Oleifeira leaf extract template: antibacterial and electrochemical activities
No full textThe application of flexible polymer nanocomposites for food packaging to inactivate microorganisms associated with foods is the demand of the present-day food industry to assure quality throughout the packaging operation. The utilization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) assisted zinc oxide nanocomposite for food stuff packaging has been very attractive in the recent past. Nanostructured ZnO was synthesized at optimized pH (10.5) from different ratios of zinc acetate and Moringa oleifeira leaf extract (1:7, 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1). ZnO coated polyvinyl alcohol (ZnO/PVA) nanocomposites were prepared from 5, 9, 13 and 16% by wt of ZnO and PVA using solution casting method. The thermal stability of ZnO synthesized with 1:1 ratio at pH 10.5 was investigated with TGA/DTA. The analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultra-violate visible analysis (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for the characterization of the synthesized ZnO and ZnO/PVA nanocomposites (NCs). The antibacterial activity of the synthesized ZnO and ZnO/PVA NCs were evaluated against gram negative E. coli and gram positive S. aureus bacteria. The electrochemical stability of ZnO/PVA NCs was also investigated by cyclic voltammetric (CV) method. The thermogram of ZnO indicated that the oxide was found to be stable even beyond 500°C. The SEM analysis revealed rod shaped morphology for synthesized ZnO from 1:1 ratio at pH 10.5. But the nanocomposite prepared with 5% of ZnO of (1:1) at the same pH exhibited uniformly dispersed rod-shaped particle on the surface as well as in matrix of polyvinyl alcohol film. According to XRD result, ZnO synthesized with more percentage of plant extract resulted in the small size crystallites while that with low percentage of plant extract resulted in the larger crystallite size. The antibacterial inhibition efficiency of ZnO/PVA NCs was better and found to increase with increase in the amount of ZnO
Partial substitution of feldspar by alkaline-rich materials in the electrical porcelain insulator for reduction of processing temperature
No full textPorcelain is the most widely used overhead power-line insulator. The demands for porcelain insulators have increased dramatically owing to a sharp increase in the electric power demand and supply. Usually, porcelain production demands high sintering temperatures. Herein, an electrical porcelain insulator was produced from Bombowha clay and Arero quartz and partially replaced feldspar with sodium carbonate at a reduced processing temperature. The porcelain samples were prepared by fixing the clay and quartz amount 45 and 10 wt%, respectively, and the portion of feldspar was replaced by 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% of alkaline-rich sodium carbonate. The desired composition was milled, shaped, and finally sintered at 1000, 1100, and 1200 °C. The XRD and SEM results show the early formation of quartz and mullite phases at 1000 °C, which determine the mechanical and dielectric strengths of the porcelains. The dielectric strength of the samples increases with increasing the alkaline-rich sodium carbonate content owing to the vitrification and needle-shaped mullite formation. The porcelain sample with 10 wt% of Na _2 CO _3 content and a sintering temperature of 1200 °C has an optimum dielectric strength of 7.60 kV mm ^−1
Genotype-by-Environment Interaction and Yield Stability Analysis in Finger Millet (<i>Elucine coracana</i> L. Gaertn) in Ethiopia
No full textTrypanosome infection in dromedary camels in Eastern Ethiopia: Prevalence, relative performance of diagnostic tools and host related risk factors
No full textA cross-sectional study was conducted in Chifra and Dewe districts of Afar region, Eastern Ethiopia, to determine the prevalence, agreement between diagnostic tests and host related risk factors of trypanosome infection in camel. An overall prevalence of 2%, 24.1%, 21.3%, 9.5% and 7.8% was recorded with respectively Giemsa stained thin blood smear, CATT/T. evansi, RoTat1.2 PCR, 18S PCR and ITS-1PCR in a cohort of 399 animals. Only one T. vivax infection was confirmed by TvPRAC PCR indicating T. evansi as the predominant species affecting camels in the study area. No single animal was positive when tested with T. evansi type B specific EVAB PCR. There was slight agreement between the CATT/T. evansi and the molecular tests. Among the PCR methods, RoTat 1.2 PCR yielded a significantly higher positivity rate compared to 18S PCR and ITS-1 PCR. There was no significant difference in the positivity rate observed in each gender of camels (p>0.05). The positivity rate was significantly higher in camels with poor body condition and in older animals when tested using the CATT/T.evansi or RoTat 1.2 PCR (p>0.05). Camels that tested positive with all tests had significantly lower PCV's (p<0.05). This study provides further evidence that T. evansi is endemic in the Afar region of Ethiopia. The latent class analysis indicated an estimate overall prevalence of 19% (95% CI: 13-28). Moreover, the model indicated low sensitivity of CATT/T. evansi (43%) and the PCR tests (39-53%) but higher specificity of the PCR tests (86-99%) and low specificity of CATT/T. evansi (80%). This study suggests that improved sensitivity and reliability of the tests would help diagnosis of trypanosomosis. Further studies are required to determine the prevalence of clinical disease and losses due to trypanosomosis.sponsorship: The Ph.D. fellowship of Fikru Regassa was financed by the Belgian Directorate General for Development Cooperation. (Belgian Directorate General for Development Cooperation)status: Publishe
The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
No full textBackground Efforts to quantify the global burden of enteric fever are valuable for understanding the health lost and the large-scale spatial distribution of the disease. We present the estimates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever burden from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, and the approach taken to produce them. Methods For this systematic analysis we broke down the relative contributions of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers by country, year, and age, and analysed trends in incidence and mortality. We modelled the combined incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers and split these total cases proportionally between typhoid and paratyphoid fevers using aetiological proportion models. We estimated deaths using vital registration data for countries with sufficiently high data completeness and using a natural history approach for other locations. We also estimated disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. Findings Globally, 14.3 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 12.5-16.3) cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers occurred in 2017, a 44.6% (42.2-47.0) decline from 25 . 9 million (22.0-29.9) in 1990. Age-standardised incidence rates declined by 54 . 9% (53 . 4-56.5), from 439.2 (376.7-507.7) per 100 000 person-years in 1990, to 197.8 (172.0-226.2) per 100 000 person-years in 2017. In 2017, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi caused 76.3% (71.8-80.5) of cases of enteric fever. We estimated a global case fatality of 0.95% (0.54-1.53) in 2017, with higher case fatality estimates among children and older adults, and among those living in lower-income countries. We therefore estimated 135.9 thousand (76.9-218.9) deaths from typhoid and paratyphoid fever globally in 2017, a 41.0% (33.6-48.3) decline from 230.5 thousand (131.2-372.6) in 1990. Overall, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers were responsible for 9.8 million (5.6-15.8) DALYs in 2017, down 43.0% (35.5-50.6) from 17.2 million (9.9-27.8) DALYs in 1990. Interpretation Despite notable progress, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers remain major causes of disability and death, with billions of people likely to be exposed to the pathogens. Although improvements in water and sanitation remain essential, increased vaccine use (including with typhoid conjugate vaccines that are effective in infants and young children and protective for longer periods) and improved data and surveillance to inform vaccine rollout are likely to drive the greatest improvements in the global burden of the disease. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.N
Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
No full textEpidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances : Global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study
No full textBackground: Past research has shown how fires, heat and hot substances are important causes of health loss globally. Detailed estimates of the morbidity and mortality from these injuries could help drive preventative measures and improved access to care. Methods: We used the Global Burden of Disease 2017 framework to produce three main results. First, we produced results on incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. Second, we analysed these results to measure mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we reported the measures above in terms of the cause of fire, heat and hot substances and the types of bodily injuries that result. Results: Globally, there were 8 991 468 (7 481 218 to 10 740 897) new fire, heat and hot substance injuries in 2017 with 120 632 (101 630 to 129 383) deaths. At the global level, the age-standardised mortality caused by fire, heat and hot substances significantly declined from 1990 to 2017, but regionally there was variability in age-standardised incidence with some regions experiencing an increase (eg, Southern Latin America) and others experiencing a significant decrease (eg, High-income North America). Conclusions: The incidence and mortality of injuries that result from fire, heat and hot substances affect every region of the world but are most concentrated in middle and lower income areas. More resources should be invested in measuring these injuries as well as in improving infrastructure, advancing safety measures and ensuring access to care. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.</p
Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
No full textA double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4 (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4 (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5 in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2 (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0 (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic. © 2020, The Author(s)
