9 research outputs found
Análisis de la innovación en España y por regiones europeas
No full text[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la situación española en materia de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en el periodo 2004-2016. Además, se va a realizar una comparativa por regiones europeas de su grado de innovación, comparándose con España. El análisis de este trabajo se ha realizado apoyándose principalmente en tres informes que son: Manual de Oslo, Indicadores del sistema español, de ciencia, tecnología e innovación y el Índice de Competitividad Global. El fin principal del análisis es identificar los puntos fuertes y débiles de España en materia de innovación para poder trazar una estrategia que fomente la I+D+I y poder ser un país más competitivo.[EN] The aim of this work is to analyse the Spanish situation in the field of science, technology and innovation in the period 2004-2016. In addition, a comparison will be made by European regions of their degree of innovation, compared with Spain. The analysis of this project has been carried out based mainly on three reports: The Manual de Oslo (2005), The book Indicadores del sistema español, de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (2017) and the Global Competitive Index (2017). The main purpose of the analysis is to identify Spain's strengths and weaknesses in terms of innovation in order to draw up a strategy to promote R&D&I and be a more competitive country.Lopez Claramonte, M. (2019). Análisis de la innovación en España y por regiones europeas. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/122189TFG
Therapeutic encounter: evaluation of an integral approach in patients with functional dyspepsia, randomized controlled clinical trial
No full textINTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar, em pacientes portadores de dispepsia funcional, um tipo de atendimento médico que tem a sustentação de uma base epistemológica mais ampla (encontro terapêutico) comparada com o atendimento médico tradicional embasado no modelo biomédico (consulta médica). Inicia-se com um debate onde são descritas as teorias e definições acerca do tema \"pluralismo epistemológico\". O autor acredita que este é o alicerce capaz de fornecer a necessária sustentação para o exercício crítico da atividade profissional que se quer mais humanizada e humanista e para uma pesquisa em saúde que consiga integrar os múltiplos saberes. Em seguida, descreve os passos que transformam \"consultas\" em \"encontros terapêuticos\". De acordo com o autor essa transformação possibilita o resgate das características de arte da medicina. Arte no sentido de artesanal (de \"feita sob medida\") ao contrário da biomedicina que é técnica (no sentido de sistematizar, generalizar). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado por placebo, registrado no ClinicalTrials.gov. Realizado de novembro de 2007 a fevereiro de 2012. Foram recrutados 131 pacientes com dispepsia funcional a partir de 753 voluntários pertencentes ao Ambulatório de Gastroenterologia da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC. Esses pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos A e B, onde o grupo A (n = 63) foi tratado com consultas médicas tradicionais e o grupo B (n = 68) com encontros terapêuticos. Esses dois grupos foram divididos em 4 subgrupos A1, A2, B1 e B2, onde os subgrupos A1 (n = 31) e B1(n = 34) receberam o medicamento omeprazol, A2 (n = 32) e B2 (n = 34) receberam placebo. A todos os pacientes, foi aplicado o Questionário de Sintomas de Dispepsia Funcional (QSDF) no início do estudo. Aos que terminaram o tratamento, o QSDF foi aplicado no final (seis meses após o inicio). A variável desfecho foi definida como sendo a redução de 50% e mais no escore obtido entre a primeira e a segunda aplicação do QSDF. RESULTADOS: 1) Não houve diferenças entre os grupos e subgrupos com respeito ao número de pacientes, quanto à distribuição por sexo, idade e frequência de uso de medicação de resgate. 2) Dos 131 pacientes do estudo 74 (56,5%) completaram o tratamento e 57 (43,5%) abandonaram antes do término. Não há diferença significativa entre os grupos A (n = 30) e B (n = 44) quanto à proporção de pacientes que terminaram seu tratamento (p = 0,076). 3) Nos subgrupos B1 e B2, 79,5% e 80% dos pacientes, respectivamente, alcançaram a redução de 50% e mais no escore do QSDF, contra apenas 22,2% e 41,7% dos pacientes dos subgrupos A1 e A2. A diferença entre os subgrupos é significante (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Neste estudo o atendimento médico \"encontro terapêutico\" foi (2,65 vezes) mais eficaz do que a \"consulta médica tradicional\". A excelência técnica é fundamental para a boa prática da medicina, mas ela é mais eficaz quando associada à arteINTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate, in patients with functional dyspepsia, a type of medical care that has the support of a larger epistemological basis (therapeutic encounter) compared with standard medical care grounded in the biomedical model (medical consultation). It begins with a discussion where theories and definitions on the topic \"epistemological pluralism\" are described. The author believes that this is the foundation capable of providing the necessary support for the critical exercise of professional activity in a more humane and humanistic basis, and for a health research capable of the integration of multiple areas of knowledge. Then he describes the steps that transform \"consultation\" in \"therapeutic encounters.\" According to the author, this transformation enables the rescue of the characteristics of the art of medicine. Art in the sense of artisanal (the \"tailor made\") instead of biomedicine that is technical (in the sense of systematic, generalized). METHODS: This was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, registered in ClinicalTrials.gov., held from November 2007 to February 2012. 131 patients with functional dyspepsia were recruited from 753 volunteers belonging to the Gastroenterology outpatient clinic of Faculdade de Medicina do ABC. These patients were divided into two groups A and B, where group A (n = 63) was treated with traditional medical consultations and group B (n = 68) with therapeutic encounters. These two groups were divided into 4 subgroups A1, A2, B1 and B2, where the subgroups A1 (n = 31) and B1 (n = 34) received omeprazole, A2 (n = 32) and B2 (n = 34) received placebo. All patients answered the Questionnaire Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia (QSFD) at study entry. Those patients who completed treatment answered the QSFD again in the end (six months after the onset). The outcome variable was defined as a reduction of 50% and more on the score obtained between the first and second application of QSFD. RESULTS: 1) There were no differences between the groups and subgroups with respect to the number of patients, according to the distribution by gender, age and frequency of use of rescue medication. 2) Among the 131 patients in the study 74 (56.5%) completed treatment and 57 (43.5%) dropped out before completion. There is no significant difference between groups A (n = 30) and B (n = 44) as the proportion of patients who completed their treatment (p = 0.076). 3) In subgroups B1 and B2, 79.5% and 80% of patients, respectively, achieved a reduction of 50% and more in the score QSFD, against only 22.2% and 41.7% of patients in subgroups A1 and A2. The difference between the groups is significant (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study the \"therapeutic encounter\" was (2.65 times) more effective than \"traditional medical consultation\". Technical excellence is fundamental to good medical practice, but it is more effective when combined with ar
O processo criativo de D. Pedro II na tradução do Hitopadeça
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2015.O objetivo central desta pesquisa é analisar os manuscritos autógrafos da tradução do livro do Hitopadesa, realizada por Pedro d Alcântara, último imperador brasileiro. Mais especificamente, as análises se fundamentam na metodologia da Crítica Genética com vistas a ilustrar o processo criativo do monarca durante a sua tradução. Para tanto, os movimentos de escritura do autor são evidenciados para se discutir o nascimento da obra e delimitar qual era o seu perfil de tradutor e que papel efetivamente a tradução desempenhava em sua vida e na história do Brasil. Rasuras, intervenções, acréscimos no texto e hesitações servem de fio condutor para mapear o trabalho mental empreendido durante a produção da tradução. Paralelamente a este objetivo, o presente trabalho almeja conferir, a partir da edição genética dos manuscritos, uma maior visibilidade a este material inédito, traduzido do original em sânscrito, e que revela uma faceta pouco explorada de D. Pedro II, a de intelectual preocupado em criar uma identidade nacional, fortalecer a cultura e promover o progresso da nação. Os manuscritos aqui estudados, assim como tantos outros, permaneceram esquecidos (ou ignorados!) durante um longo período nos arquivos do Museu Imperial e graças aos estudos genéticos, passaram a ganhar o estatuto de objeto científico. Dessa forma, o grande público passa a ter acesso a um trabalho que não se pode classificar como a atividade de um diletante, mas que revela o seu gosto peculiar pelas línguas e culturas orientais, além de ser testemunho de um momento histórico representativo para o Brasil. As análises do prototexto permitiram compreender a inserção contraditória de um império sem políticas ou interesses expansionistas no fluxo do movimento orientalista europeu a partir da atividade tradutória do monarca Pedro II. A postura contra-hegemônica do imperador, cujo interesse estava em forjar uma identidade nacional com a mescla de elementos exteriores ao Velho Mundo, teve a tradução como principal ferramenta. Além disso, a Crítica Genética auxiliou também o cotejo da tradução imperial com a versão de Sebastião Rodolpho Dalgado (1897) nos moldes de análise proposto pelos Estudos Descritivos da Tradução.Abstract : The central objective of this research is to analyze the autograph translation manuscripts of Hitopadeça by Pedro d'Alcântara, the last emperor of Brazil. More specifically, the analysis is methodologically based on Genetic Criticism in order to illustrate the creative process during translation. By rendering visible the translator's writing process, the genesis of the translation can be studied and the emperor s translator profile defined as well as the role translation has played in his life and in the history of Brazil. Erasures, interventions, additions in the text as well as hesitations allow to map the mental work undertaken during the translation process. Beside the main objective, the doctoral thesis aims to give greater visibility to this hitherto inedited manuscript consisting of the translation from the original Sanskrit into Portuguese. The research contributes to reveal a little-explored facet of D. Pedro II as an intellectual preoccupied with creating a national identity, with strengthening Brazilian culture and promoting the nation s progress. The manuscript studied, as well as many others, remained forgotten (or ignored!) for a long period in the Imperial Museum of Petropolis. Thanks to the genetic study they are gaining the status of object of scientific research, making them accessible to the general public. It is clear by now that the translation manuscripts of Dom Pedro II reveal the emperor s peculiar taste for oriental languages and cultures. As such, they are important testimonies of a significant moment in the history of the country and that they cannot be classified as the activity of a dilettante. The analysis of the proto-text allows us to understand, through the translation activity of the monarch Pedro II, the contradictory participation of Brazil - an empire without expansionist politics or interests- in European Orientalism. For the emperor, who was interested in forging a national identity not exclusively based on references to the Old World, a main tool of creating such a counterhegemonic identity was translation. In addition, in this thesis we offer a comparative study of the translation of Hitopadesa by Emperor Pedro II with the earlier translation of the same work by Sebastian Rodolpho Dalgado (1897), based on the methodology of Genetic Criticism combined with Descriptive Translation Studies
The artistic patronage Of Gil De Albornoz (1302-1367), a cardinal in context
No full textThis thesis examines the artistic patronage of Gil de Albornoz (d. 1367), Archbishop of Toledo (1338-1350), Cardinal priest of S. Clemente (1350-1366) and Cardinal bishop of Sabina (1356-1367). The first chapter delineates his early career in Spain until he left for Avignon in 1350. The analysis of documentary and archaeological evidence re-defines his input in the cathedral of Toledo, and the importance of his Augustinian foundation in Villaviciosa del Tajuña. The second chapter concentrates on the legations of Albornoz in Italy, and the fortified palaces and castles he commissioned along the Lands of St. Peter as he achieved success in his mission. This thesis focuses on a limited number of the most representative fortresses and palaces. The third chapter analyses Albornoz’s artistic patronage on a private basis, and concentrates on his burial chapel of St. Catherine in the Lower Church of San Francesco in Assisi and the Collegio di Spagna in Bologna. The fourth chapter dissects his will and the surviving objects in Toledo. Comparison with the testamentary donations of contemporary cardinals provides a parameter within which to measure his relevance as an artistic patron. Finally, the fifth chapter concentrates on the important sepulchre in the chapel of St. Ildefonso in the Cathedral of Toledo and its context
Brain neuromarkers predict self- and other-related mentalizing across adult, clinical, and developmental samples
No full textAbstract Human social interactions rely on the ability to reflect on one’s own and others’ internal states and traits—a psychological process known as mentalizing. Impaired or altered self- and other-related mentalizing is a hallmark of multiple psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. Yet, replicable and easily testable brain markers of mentalizing have so far been lacking. Here, we apply an interpretable machine learning approach to multiple datasets (total N =281) to train and validate fMRI brain signatures that predict 1) mentalizing about the self, 2) mentalizing about another person, and 3) both types of mentalizing. We test their generalizability across healthy adults, adolescents, and adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The classifier trained across both types of mentalizing showed 98% predictive accuracy in independent validation datasets. Self-mentalizing and other-mentalizing classifiers had positive weights in anterior/medial and posterior/lateral brain areas respectively, with accuracy rates of 82% and 77% for out-of-sample prediction. Classifier patterns across cohorts revealed better self/other separation in 1) healthy adults compared to individuals with schizophrenia and 2) with increasing age in adolescence. Together, our findings reveal consistent and separable neural patterns subserving mentalizing about self and others—present at least from the age of adolescence and functionally altered in severe neuropsychiatric disorders. These mentalizing signatures hold promise as mechanistic neuromarkers to measure social-cognitive processes in different contexts and clinical conditions. Author Note This work was funded by a Starting Grant from the European Research Council (ERC, 101041087) to LKo, a German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) doctoral grant and a Network of European Neuroscience Schools (NENS) exchange fellowship to DA, an R01 grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Mental Health (R01MH125414-01) to JAH and DAS, a Junior Leader Fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (LCF/BQ/PR22/11920017) to PFC, a Consolidator Grant from the European Research Council (ERC, 648082) to LKr, R37 and R01 support from the U.S. National Institutes of Mental Health (R37MH076136 to TDW, MH116026 to TDW and L. Chang [PI], R01EB026549 to TDW and M. Lindquist [MPIs]). LvdM acknowledges a European Science Foundation EURYI grant (044035001) that funded her doctoral studies (PI: A. Aleman). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. The funders had no role in study design, data analysis, manuscript preparation, or publication decisions. Matlab code for all analyses is available at: canlab.github.org
Practice patterns and clinical outcomes in acute appendicitis differ in the elderly patient
No full textBackground: Appendicitis is the most frequent global abdominal surgical emergency. An ageing population, who often exhibit atypical symptoms and delayed presentations, challenge conventional diagnostic and treatment paradigms. Objectives: This study aims to delineate disparities in presentation, management, and outcomes between elderly patients and younger adults suffering from acute appendicitis. Methods: This subgroup analysis forms part of ESTES SnapAppy, a time-bound multi-center prospective, observational cohort study. It includes patients aged 15 years and above who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy during a defined 90-day observational period across multiple centers. Statistical comparisons were performed using appropriate tests with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The study cohort comprised 521 elderly patients (≥65 years) and 4,092 younger adults (18–64 years). Elderly patients presented later (mean duration of symptoms: 7.88 vs. 3.56 days; p < 0.001) and frequently required computed tomography (CT) scans for diagnosis (86.1% vs. 54.0%; p < 0.001). The incidence of complicated appendicitis was higher in the elderly (46.7% vs. 20.7%; p < 0.001). Delays in surgical intervention were notable in the elderly (85.0% operated within 24 h vs. 88.7%; p = 0.018), with longer operative times (71.1 vs. 60.3 min; p < 0.001). Postoperative complications were significantly higher in the elderly (27.9% vs. 12.9%; p < 0.001), including severe complications (6.9% vs. 2.4%; p < 0.001) and prolonged hospital stays (7.9 vs. 3.6 days; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings highlight significant differences in the clinical course and outcomes of acute appendicitis in the elderly compared to younger patients, suggesting a need for age-adapted diagnostic pathways and treatment strategies to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population
Drotrecogin alfa (Activated) in adults with septic shock
No full textThere have been conflicting reports on the efficacy of recombinant human activated protein C, or drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DrotAA), for the treatment of patients with septic shock.In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, we assigned 1697 patients with infection, systemic inflammation, and shock who were receiving fluids and vasopressors above a threshold dose for 4 hours to receive either DrotAA (at a dose of 24 μg per kilogram of body weight per hour) or placebo for 96 hours. The primary outcome was death from any cause 28 days after randomization.At 28 days, 223 of 846 patients (26.4%) in the DrotAA group and 202 of 834 (24.2%) in the placebo group had died (relative risk in the DrotAA group, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.28; P=0.31). At 90 days, 287 of 842 patients (34.1%) in the DrotAA group and 269 of 822 (32.7%) in the placebo group had died (relative risk, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.19; P=0.56). Among patients with severe protein C deficiency at baseline, 98 of 342 (28.7%) in the DrotAA group had died at 28 days, as compared with 102 of 331 (30.8%) in the placebo group (risk ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.17; P=0.54). Similarly, rates of death at 28 and 90 days were not significantly different in other predefined subgroups, including patients at increased risk for death. Serious bleeding during the treatment period occurred in 10 patients in the DrotAA group and 8 in the placebo group (P=0.81).DrotAA did not significantly reduce mortality at 28 or 90 days, as compared with placebo, in patients with septic shock. (Funded by Eli Lilly; PROWESS-SHOCK ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00604214.)
Use of resorcinarenes as neurotransmitter chemosensors
No full textilustracionesEl mundo evoluciona a pasos agigantados, la industria química no ha sido la excepción a ese desarrollo, y en una de sus ramas más importantes (supramolecular) cada vez se involucran más esfuerzos al reconocimiento de nuevos modelos, esto es posible gracias a la variedad de aplicaciones y a la versatilidad de las moléculas para adaptarse a un gran número de tareas dentro de los diferentes campos de la industria química, farmacéutica y ambiental. En ese sentido, en el presente estudio tiene por objeto caracterizar el uso de resorcinarenos como quimiosensores de neurotransmisores, dónde, en búsqueda de cumplir a entera cabalidad dicho objetivo, se ha empleado una metodología de investigación de tipo cualitativo, bajo un enfoque descriptivo, analítico y documental, pues se realizó una búsqueda y selección de información, con ayuda de diferentes bases de datos y gestores bibliográficos, como son Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scielo, EBSCO, Medline y similares, empleando criterios de búsqueda en palabras clave: resorcinarenes, resorcinarenes choline, resorcinarenes neurotrasmitters, chemosensor y chemosensor resorcinarene, y para ello, se ha tenido en cuenta el año de publicación de los artículos, ya que estos fueron ordenados, dependiendo de la función de los resorcinarenos dentro de los mismos, así como las particularidades con respecto a los neurotransmisores y técnicas trabajadas por los autores. (Texto tomado de la fuente)The world evolves by leaps and bounds, the chemical industry has not been the exception to this development, and in one of its most important branches (supramolecular) more and more efforts are involved in the recognition of new models, this is possible thanks to the variety of applications and the versatility of molecules to adapt to a large number of tasks within the different fields of the chemical industry, pharmaceutical and environmental. In this sense, the purpose of this study is to characterize the use of resorcinarenos as chemosensors of neurotransmitters, where, in search of fully fulfilling this objective, a qualitative research methodology has been used, under a descriptive, analytical and documentary approach, since a search and selection of information was carried out, with the help of different databases and bibliographic managers, such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scielo, EBSCO, Medline and similar, using search criteria in keywords: resorcinarenes, resorcinarenes choline, resorcinarenes neurotrasmitters, chemosensor and chemosensor resorcinarene, and for this, the year of publication of the articles has been taken into account, since these were ordered, depending on the function of the resorcinarenes within them, as well as the particularities with respect to neurotransmitters and techniques worked by the authors.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias - QuímicaPara la realización del presente documento, se ha empleado una metodología de investigación de tipo cualitativo bajo un enfoque descriptivo, analítico y documental, pues se ha determinado mediante la investigación como el uso de resorcinarenos puede ser utilizado como quimiosensores de neurotransmisores, sin embargo, llegar a esa hipótesis ha demandado un análisis y síntesis de información extenso, sin mencionar que en el proceso de investigación, ha sido imprescindible utilizar únicamente fuentes que sean garantes de lo que publican para la temática involucrada, resaltando el uso de sitios web oficiales y de gobiernos nacionales, páginas certificadas y con dominios competentes.
Asimismo, se ha empleado el uso de bases de datos científicas, siendo libres o por suscripción, resaltando entre ellas Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, EBSCO host, Scielo, Redalyc entre otras.
El método de búsqueda de artículos e información ha funcionado bajo el uso de filtro de búsqueda por terminología MESH teniendo en cuenta palabras claves como (“resorcinarenes” AND “choline”), (“resorcinarenes” AND “neurotrasmitters”), (“chemosensor” AND “resorcinarene”), una vez se han obtenido los resultados, se procede a leer el título y aquellos que sean viables o que aporten al proyecto, se procede a leer su respectivo resumen, esto, con el fin de validar la utilidad del artículo, y si está orientada hacia el cumplimiento del objetivo del presente documento.
Cabe resaltar que se aplican diversos filtros de las posibles investigaciones a utilizar respecto a las que no, por ejemplo, todos los artículos fueron tomados en cuenta respecto a su fecha de publicación, empleando solo aquellos que permitan agregar valor a la investigación, con datos actualizados o funcionales hasta la época, descartando aquellas publicaciones retrógradas o sin actualización.
Los artículos cuyas temáticas tenidas en cuenta van desde las generalidades de los neurotransmisores y macrociclos, los usos y aplicaciones de resorcinarenos funcionalizados, sus características y forma de síntesis hasta sus sistemas de análisis, control y cuantificación de diferentes moléculas con grupos tetra-alquil amonio en sus estructuras, características de los quimiosensores, sus aplicaciones, así como artículos del trabajo experimental de análisis químico, las técnicas usadas y algunas recomendaciones dadas por los autores de los artículo
