53 research outputs found
Between fetishism and survival : is the scientific article an academic commodity?
No full textThis article discusses the possible meanings of the intense prevailing concern in academic circles over the notion of research productivity, as reflected in an excess number of articles published in various scientific journals. The numerical accounting of articles published by researchers in scientific journals with renowned academic status serves to legitimize academics in their fields of work, in various ways. In this sense, we suggest that scientific articles take on aspects of merchandise-as-fetish, according to Marx's theory of use-value and exchange-value and Benjamin's exposure value. Meanwhile, the biological notions of selection and evolution are used as metaphorical elements in "bibliographic Darwinism". There are references as to the possibility many of the prevailing bibliometric concerns serve as instruments for econometric analysis, especially to orient and enhance cost-effectiveness analysis in research investments of various orders and types, from the point of view of their economic return
Novel mutations in the toll like receptor genes cause hyporesponsiveness to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection
No full textToll like receptors play a central role in the recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Mutations in TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4 genes may change the PAMP reorganization ability which causes altered responsiveness to the bacterial pathogens. A case control study, performed to assess the association between TLR gene mutations and susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), revealed novel mutations (TLR1 - Ser150Gly and Val220Met; TLR2 - Phe670Leu) that hindered either PAMP recognition or further downstream TLR pathway activation. A cytokine expression experiments (IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ) in the challenged mutant and wild type moDCs (mocyte derived dendritic cells) confirmed the negative impact of these mutations and altered TLR downstream activation. Further In silico analysis of the TLR1 and TLR4 ectodomains (ECD) revealed the polymorphic nature of the central ECD and irregularities in the central LRR motifs. The most critical positions that may alter the pathogen recognition ability of TLR were: the 9th amino acid position in LRR motif (TLR1, LRR10) and 4th residue downstream to LRR domain (exta LRR region of TLR4). The study describes novel mutations in the TLRs and presents their association with the MAP infection
Origin and driving mechanisms of marine litter in the shelf- incised Motril, Carchuna, and Calahonda canyons (northern Alboran Sea)
No full textThe authors wish to thank the captain and crew of R/V Sarmiento
de Gamboa for their dedication and constant support for the execution
of activities onboard, and to the participants of the ALSSOMAR-S2S
expedition for their help during data acquisition. Multibeam
bathymetry and fishing activity data were provided by the
“Ministerio de Pesca, Agricultura y Alimentació n”, Spanish
government. Land use data were provided by the “Consejerı́a de
Agricultura, Ganaderı́a, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Junta de
Andalucı́a”, regional government. JR acknowledges partial support
from the 18-ESMARES2-CIRCA project of the Instituto Español de
Oceanografı́ a (IEO-CSIC), under the framework of the tasks
commissioned to the IEO by the Ministerio de Transición Ecológica
y Reto Demográfico (MITERD) of the Spanish government for the
application of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) in
Spanish waters. IM acknowledges to Fundação para a Ciência e a
Tecnologia for Research Assistant contract DL57/2016/CP1361/
CT0009 and project UID/0350/2020 CIMA. Very constructive and
detailed reviews of an initial manuscript version were provided by two
reviewers and by Guest Associate Editor Veerle Huvenne. We are
grateful to Jean Sanders for correcting the English text.The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online
at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1098927/
full#supplementary-materialIntroduction and methods: Marine litter density, distribution and potential
sources, and the impact on canyon seafloor habitats were investigated in the
Motril, Carchuna and Calahonda canyons, located along the northern margin of
the Alboran Sea. During the ALSSOMAR-S2S oceanographic survey carried out in
2019, canyon floor imagery was collected by a Remotely Operated Vehicle along
5 km in the Motril Canyon, 10 km in the Carchuna Canyon, and 3 km in
Calahonda Canyon, together with 41 surficial sediment samples. Additionally,
coastal uses, maritime traffic and fishing activity data were analyzed. A 50 m
resolution multibeam bathymetry served as base map.
Results: In the Motril and Calahonda canyons, the density of marine litter was low
and the material was dispersed, very degraded and partially buried. In contrast,
the Carchuna Canyon contained a greater amount and variety of litter. The
Carchuna Canyon thalweg exhibited a density of marine litter up to 8.66
items·100 m -1 , and litter hotspots with a density of up to 42 items·m 2 are
found along the upper reaches of the canyon thalweg.
Discussion: Low litter abundances found in the studied canyons most likely
reflect low population densities and the absence of direct connections with
streams in the nearby coasts. The high shelf incision of the Carchuna Canyon and
its proximity to the coastline favor littoral sediment remobilization and capture as
well as the formation of gravity flows that transport the marine litter along the
thalweg toward the distal termination of the channel. Litter hotspots are favored
by the canyon morphology and the occurrence of rocky outcrops. Most debris is
of coastal origin and related to beach occupation and agricultural practices in the adjacent coastal plain. A third origin was represented by fishing gear in the study
area. Fishing activity may be producing an impact through physical damage to
the skeletons of the colonial scleractinians located in the walls of the Carchuna
Canyon. In contrast, the Motril and Calahonda canyons can be considered
passive systems that have mainly acted as depositional sinks in the recent past,
as evidenced by buried marine litter.Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spanish goverment CTM2017-88237-PMinistry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) Spanish Government PID2021-125489OB-I00Cerrillo-Escoriza's PhD project - MCIN/AEI PRE2018-084812FSE Invierte en tu futur
The effect of monetary tightening on local banks
No full textThis study shows that during Paul Volcker’s drastic monetary tightening in the early 1980s, local banks operating in only one county reduced loan supply much more sharply than local subsidiaries of multi-county bank holding companies in similar markets, after controlling for bank (and holding company) size, liquidity, capital conditions, and, most important, local credit demand. The study allows cleaner identification by examining 18 U.S. “county-banking states” where a bank’s local lending volume at the county level was observable because no one was allowed to branch across county borders. The local nature of lending allows us to approximate and control for the exogenous component of local loan demand using the prediction that counties with a higher share of manufacturing employment exhibit weaker loan demand during tightening (which is consistent with the interest rate channel and the balance-sheet channel of monetary policy transmission).The study sheds light on the working of the bank lending channel of monetary policy transmission.Monetary policy
Innate immunity in ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection: contribution of IL8 and CSF2 gene variants to risk of trachomatous scarring in Gambians.
No full textBACKGROUND: Trachoma, a chronic keratoconjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is the world's commonest infectious cause of blindness. Blindness is due to progressive scarring of the conjunctiva (trachomatous scarring) leading to in-turning of eyelashes (trichiasis) and corneal opacification. We evaluated the contribution of genetic variation across the chemokine and cytokine clusters in chromosomes 4q and 5q31 respectively to risk of scarring trachoma and trichiasis in a large case-control association study in a Gambian population. METHODS: Linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping was used to investigate risk effects across the 4q and 5q31 cytokine clusters in relation to the risk of scarring sequelae of ocular Ct infection. Disease association and epistatic effects were assessed in a population based study of 651 case-control pairs by conditional logistic regression (CLR) analyses. RESULTS: LD mapping suggested that genetic effects on risk within these regions mapped to the pro-inflammatory innate immune genes interleukin 8 (IL8) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor (CSF2) loci. The IL8-251 rare allele (IL8-251 TT) was associated with protection from scarring trachoma (OR = 0.29 p = 0.027). The intronic CSF2_27348 A allele in chromosome 5q31 was associated with dose dependent protection from trichiasis, with each copy of the allele reducing risk by 37% (p = 0.005). There was evidence of epistasis, with effects at IL8 and CSF2 loci interacting with those previously reported at the MMP9 locus, a gene acting downstream to IL8 and CSF2 in the inflammatory cascade. CONCLUSION: innate immune response SNP-haplotypes are linked to ocular Ct sequelae. This work illustrates the first example of epistatic effects of two genes on trachoma
John Cage e a poética do silêncio
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-graduação em LiteraturaEsta tese se propõe a analisar o silêncio a partir da obra de John Cage (especialmente a literária e a musical). Esse silêncio, inicialmente compreendido por Cage como um empírico (a pausa em música), revela-se gradualmente um transcendente: não mais uma substância nem a simples ausência de som, mas um modo da ação (modo de silêncio), aparecendo como estilo, profundidade, aura, dimensão, verticalidade, densidade. Esse silêncio implica modos de percepção e temporalidade próprios, descritos aqui a partir das noções de Gelassenheit (Heidegger) e Awareness (Gestalt) e estabelecendo conexões com as noções de Invisível em Merleau-Ponty e de Nada no Zen-budismo
Stratified medicine for mental disorders
No full textThere is recognition that biomedical research into the causes of mental disorders and their treatment needs to adopt new approaches to research. Novel biomedical techniques have advanced our understanding of how the brain develops and is shaped by behaviour and environment. This has led to the advent of stratified medicine, which translates advances in basic research by targeting aetiological mechanisms underlying mental disorder. The resulting increase in diagnostic precision and targeted treatments may provide a window of opportunity to address the large public health burden, and individual suffering associated with mental disorders. While mental health and mental disorders have significant representation in the "health, demographic change and wellbeing" challenge identified in Horizon 2020, the framework programme for research and innovation of the European Commission (2014-2020), and in national funding agencies, clear advice on a potential strategy for mental health research investment is needed. The development of such a strategy is supported by the EC-funded "Roadmap for Mental Health Research" (ROAMER) which will provide recommendations for a European mental health research strategy integrating the areas of biomedicine, psychology, public health well being, research integration and structuring, and stakeholder participation. Leading experts on biomedical research on mental disorders have provided an assessment of the state of the art in core psychopathological domains, including arousal and stress regulation, affect, cognition social processes, comorbidity and pharmacotherapy. They have identified major advances and promising methods and pointed out gaps to be addressed in order to achieve the promise of a stratified medicine for mental disorders
Novos olhares: de trabalhadores assalariados a trabalhadores cooperados. Um estudo sobre a caminhada de luta dos trabalhadores das empresas recuperadas do Brasil
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política, Florianópolis, 2014.A década de 1990 se caracterizou por importantes mudanças na vida social, política e econômica na maioria dos países de América Latina. A adoção de medidas de inspiração neoliberal, dentre as quais podemos destacar a abertura dos mercados internos ao capital internacional, resultou em transformações na indústria, levando a um retrocesso das conquistas trabalhistas e ao aumento dos índices de desemprego. Essas mudanças impulsionaram o surgimento de diversos movimentos sociais, com diferentes reivindicações. É dentro deste contexto que se situa o surgimento das Empresas Recuperadas Pelos Trabalhadores (ERTs), que se encontram inseridas também no ressurgimento do cooperativismo no âmbito global.A seguinte pesquisa busca analisar luta dos operários com base em diferentes experiências de ERTs do Brasil. A ênfase será colocada nas estratégias sociais implementadas pelos trabalhadores no cotidiano dos processos de recuperação a fim de sustentar as conquistas e direitos adquiridos. Este processo implica a realização de alianças e de parcerias com diferentes sujeitos sociais, tais como os dirigentes sindicais e políticos; organizações sociais; comunidade; e pesquisadores, com o objetivo de que as empresas recuperadas sobrevivam e alcancem sustentabilidade e legitimidade, levando em conta que estão inseridas num contexto adverso. Nesse sentido, destacamos a importância das alianças estabelecidas com outras experiências de ERTs na Argentina e no Uruguai, de forma a mostrar, assim, que se trata de um movimento social internacional.Abstract : The 1990s were characterized by important changes in the social, political and economic life in most of the countries of Latin America. The adoption of measures with a neoliberal inspiration, among which we may highlight the opening of the domestic markets to international capital, resulted in big transformations in the field of industry, leading to regression in the labor achievements and to the increase of unemployment rates. These changes promoted the emergence of many different social movements, with diverse claims. It is in this context that we may situate the development of the companies recovered by workers (CRWs), that are also inserted in the resurgence of cooperativeness at a global scale.This research intents to recover the struggle of these workers, based in different experiences of CRWs in Brazil. We shall emphasize the social strategies implemented by the workers, aiming to sustain their achievement and rights, in the daily life of these recovering processes. These processes imply the establishment of alliances and partnerships with different social actors, such as political and syndical directors; social organizations; communities; and researchers. Their main goal is enhancing the survival, sustainability and legitimacy of the recovered companies, considering that these are inserted in an adverse context. I this sense, we foreground the importance of the alliances established with other experiences of CRWs from Argentina and Uruguay, pointing out that this consists in an international social movement
Justicia restaurativa en Colombia: aplicaciones desde la academia
No full textEn la actualidad se promueve de forma universal la justicia restaurativa, lo que la hace un modelo y método prometedor; ¿pero en qué consiste? ¿Por qué se diferencia de otros mecanismos alternativos de solución alternativa de conflictos? ¿Cómo se adapta al contexto colombiano? ¿Ofrece beneficios jurídicos y psicológicos? ¿Qué aplicaciones tiene a las problemáticas delincuenciales y procesos de reconciliación?
El libro Justicia restaurativa en Colombia. Aplicaciones desde la academia responde todos estos cuestionamientos. Es un documento que recopila investigaciones científicas realizadas durante seis años en la Maestría de Psicología Jurídica de la Universidad Santo Tomás, de forma que presenta hallazgos sobre elementos favorecedores y obstáculos para la reparación, en casos de lesiones personales, motines en población privada de libertad, prevención de reclutamiento forzado y homicidio en la idiosincrasia colombiana
Stratification of non-hypothermia and hypothermia groups in relation to age comparing complication rates.
No full textStratification of non-hypothermia and hypothermia groups in relation to age comparing complication rates.</p
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