9 research outputs found
DAKWAH POLITIK NABI MUHAMMAD SAW MELALUI SURAT KEPADA RAJA HERAKLIUS, KISRA ABRAWAIZ, MUQAUQIS, DAN NAJASYI
No full textDa'wah must be carried out using the right approach. Among the da'wah approaches is a political approach, called political da’wah. The practice of political da'wah has been exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad in the form of sending da'wah to rulers outside of Islamic rule. In this article, the author discusses the political da’wah of the Prophet Muhammad through a letter to four rulers, namely Heraclius, Kisra Abrawaiz, Muqauqis, and Najasyi. This study concluded that the Prophet Muhammad's political da'wah was a form of the head of state's political da'wah to the head of state. The da'wah method used is writing da'wah (da'wah bi al-qalam) through diplomacy strategies using letter media. Systematic of letters include the beginning of letters, letterhead, topic switching, contents of letters, and letterstamps. The Prophet Muhammad's letter contained an invitation to convert to Islam, good news (tabsyir), warning (tandzir), and also the verses of the Qur'an
PERANCANGAN ENTERPRISE ARHCHITECTURE MENGGUNAKAN TOGAF ADM PADA FUNGSI RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT SANTO YUSUP BANDUNG
No full textRumah Sakit Santo Yusup merupakan rumah sakit umum kelas C di Bandung, yang sudah berdiri sejak tahun 1932. Rumah Sakit Santo Yusup dikelola oleh perkumpulan "Perhimpunan Santo Boromeus" yang selalu terus membangun citra dan meningkatan kualitas pelayanan di bidang kesehatan. Dalam mencapai visi Rumah Sakit Santo Yusup yaitu menjadi Rumah Sakit umum pilihan masyarakat Bandung timur dibutuhkan keselarasan antara bisnis dan teknologi yang ada. Sehingga teknologi informasi yang ada dapat menunjang tujuan bisnis Rumah Sakit khususnya dalam kegiatan operasionalnya seperti pelayanan Rawat Inap.
Pada pelayanan Rawat Inap dibutuhkan pertukaran data yang cepat dan akurat sehingga dapat memberikan keakuratan pelayanan terhadap pasien. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat beberapa kendala seperti lamanya proses pengumpulan berkas medis saat pasien pulang dan adanya duplikasi informasi antara informasi fisik dan informasi elektronik. Salah satu solusi untuk mengorganisir dan mengelola penerapan Teknologi Informasi yaitu dengan merancangan Enterprise Arhchitecture. Enterprise Arhchitecture adalah sebuah pendekatan logis, komperhensif, dan holistic untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem dan komponen sistem sehingga dapat terintegrasi dengan baik untuk mendukung tujuan perusahaan
Dalam merancang Enterprise Arhchitecture dibutuhkan sebuah framework sebagai panduan dalam merancang penyelarasan antara teknologi informasi dan tujuan bisnis. Framework yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah TOGAF ADM. TOGAF ADM adalah metode dalam merancang Enterprise Arhchitecture yang berupa proses teruji dan berulang. Terdapat tujuh fase TOGAF ADM yang digunakan dalam merancang Enterprise Arhchitecture pada Rumah Sakit Santo Yusup yaitu, preliminary phase, architeccture vision, business arhchitecture, information system architecure, technology arhchitecture, oppurtunities and solutions, dan migration planning. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas kondisi arhchitecture Rumah Sakit Santo Yusup saat ini dan juga target yang kemudian menghasilkan IT Roadmap yang bisa dijadikan panduan Rumah Sakit dalam membangung infrastruktur IT
Implementasi Pendidikan Multikultural sebagai Adaptasi Pesantren Bali Bina Insani di Daerah Minoritas Muslim
No full textThere are non-Muslim teachers in the formal education institutions of the BBI Islamic Boarding School. Non-Muslim (Hindu) teachers pass their knowledge on to their students, all of whom are farmers, because the students live in boarding schools. So, in terms of human resources, these farmers do have a multicultural education in various religions. This multicultural education practice is clearly reflected in the management of human resources of the faculty, staff and other educational components. This research is a field study and the author uses a qualitative approach in this research. The authors set the research location in Tabanan, a boarding school in Bina Insani, Bali. The author chose this location because the Bina Insani Islamic Boarding School in Bali is an example of interfaith multicultural education. Based on an analysis of all available literature data, our results show that multicultural education at the Bina Insani Bali Islamic Boarding School aims to instill tolerant attitudes and behaviors among religious people. Pesantren also want to teach students the beauty of tolerance for other religions. Multicultural education at Pesantren Bina Insani (PBBI) Bali is characterized by the presence of elements of education that rely on students and educators as individuals or groups to represent (represent) the community. multiple cultures. Identity is related to the attitude of a person or group of people. They influence each other based on their identity, which includes interactions between different and different cultures
DIALEKTIKA FEMINIS INDONESIA TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG POLIGAMI: Nalar Kritis KH Husein Muhammad Terhadap Kompilasi Hukum Islam dalam Perspektif Tafsir Ahkam
No full textThis study aims to trace Husein Muhammad’s reason thinking, Indonesian feminist Kyai in the case of licensing polygamy according to the Compilation of Islamic Law. Husein Muhammad is one of the pesantren kiai who is intense in gender issues. The idea offered by Husein Muhammad is reinterpretation of gender-biased legal issues in the hope that it can be used as a guide and guide in dealing with particular problems at the present time. This study seeks to unravel the views of KH. Husein Muhammad on gender justice in polygamy permits. This research is a qualitative research literature (library research). The technique used in analyzing the data in this study, using descriptive-analytical method, to describe in general the thoughts of Husein Muhammad. The data for this research are books written by Husein Muhammad and interviews with him. This study concludes that Husein Muhammad's method of thinking in rejecting the rules for licensing polygamy according to the rules of the Compilation of Islamic Law is based on the concepts of selection (intiqo-iy) and exploration (ijtihad). These two concepts are oriented towards the concept of protecting and providing a sense of justice for women which can be integrated into Indonesian positive law.
Keywords: Feminist kyai, Critical reasoning, Polygamy laws
Daftar Pustaka
Al Amin, Habibi. "Guardians Concept in Qur'an Perspective." Shakhsiyah Burhaniyah: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Islam 6.1 (2021): 95-114.
Al Amin, Habibi. "Penciptaan Adam; Mendialogkan TafsiR Marah Labid dengan Teori Keadilan Gender." An-Nuha: Jurnal Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Budaya Dan Sosial 1.1 (2014): 17-44.
Al Amin, Habibi. "Tafsir Sufi Lata’ if al-Isyarat." SUHUF 9.1 (2016): 59-77.
Al-Husaini, Taqiyuddin Abi Bakar Muhammad, Kifayatul Akhyar Fi Halli Ghayatil Ikhtishar, Indonesia: Haramain Jaya Indonesia, 2005.
Al-Kasani, Alauddin Abi Bakar bin Mas’ud, Bada’i Sana’i Fi Tartibi Syara’i, Beirut: Darul Kutub, 2003.
Al-Maliki, Alwi Abbas Ibanah al-Ahkam, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1996.
Al-Qozwaini, Abdullah Muhammad bin Yazid, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Beirut: Darul Fikr, tt.
Al-Syairazi, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Ali, Al-Muhadzdhab, Beirut: Darul Kutub, 1995.
Al-Syarkhasi, Syamsuddin Abu Bakr Muhammad, Al-Mabsuth, Beirut: Darul Makrifah, tt.
Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah, Terj. Agus Effendi dan Bahruddin Fananny, Zakat Kajian Berbagai Madzhab, Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2008.
_________________, Terj. Abdul Hayyie al-Kattani, dkk, Fiqih Islam Wa Adillatuhu, Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2011.
An-Nawawi, Abu Zakaria Muhyiddin bin Syaraf, Al-Majmu’, Beirut: Darul Fikr, tt.
Arikunto, Suharsimi, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2006.
As’at, Kamran dkk, Fiqh Ibadah, Jakarta: Amzah, 2009.
Ash-Sajastany, Abi Dawud Sulaiman Ibn Ash’as, Sunan Abi Dawud, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1994.
Ash-Shiddieqy, M. Hasbi, Pedoman Zakat, Semarang: Pustaka Rizki Putra, 2009.
Ash-Syaukani, Muhammad bin Ali bin Muhammad Nailul Author, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1983.
Taufiqurrahman, Zaky Fajar, and Habibi Al Amin. "Desain Pembelajaran Literasi Kitab Kuning Melalui Metode Sorogan dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Agama Islam." Syntax Literate; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6.2 (2021): 1467-1474.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melacak metode berpikir Husein Muhammad, Kyai feminis Indonesia dalam kasus perizinan poligami menurut Kompilasi hukum Islam. Husein Muhammad merupakan salah satu kiai pesantren yang intens dalam isu gender. gagasan yang ditawarkan oleh Husein Muhammad adalah penafsiran ulang (reinterpretasi) terhadap persoalan hukum yang bias gender dengan harapan bisa dijadikan petunjuk dan pedoman dalam menghadapi permasalahan partikular pada masa sekarang. Penelitian ini berusaha mengurai pandangan KH. Husein Muhammad tentang keadilan gender dalam izin poligami. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif kepustakaan (library research). Adapun teknik yang digunakan dalam menganalisa data dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan metode deskriptif-analisis, untuk memaparkan secara umum pemikiran Husein Muhammad. Data penelitian ini adalah buku-buku karangan Husein Muhammad dan wawancara dengannya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa metode berpikir Husein Muhammad dalam menolak aturan perizinan poligami menurut aturan Kompilasi hukum Islam adalah mendasarkan pada konsep seleksi (intiqo-iy) dan eksplorasi (ijtihad). Dua konsep ini berorientasi pada konsep melindungi dan memberikan rasa adil bagi kaum perempuan yang dapat diintegrasikan dalam hukum positif indonesia.
Kata kunci: kyai feminis, Nalar kritis, Undang-undang poligami.
Daftar Pustaka
Al Amin, Habibi. "Guardians Concept in Qur'an Perspective." Shakhsiyah Burhaniyah: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Islam 6.1 (2021): 95-114.
Al Amin, Habibi. "Penciptaan Adam; Mendialogkan TafsiR Marah Labid dengan Teori Keadilan Gender." An-Nuha: Jurnal Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Budaya Dan Sosial 1.1 (2014): 17-44.
Al Amin, Habibi. "Tafsir Sufi Lata’ if al-Isyarat." SUHUF 9.1 (2016): 59-77.
Al-Husaini, Taqiyuddin Abi Bakar Muhammad, Kifayatul Akhyar Fi Halli Ghayatil Ikhtishar, Indonesia: Haramain Jaya Indonesia, 2005.
Al-Kasani, Alauddin Abi Bakar bin Mas’ud, Bada’i Sana’i Fi Tartibi Syara’i, Beirut: Darul Kutub, 2003.
Al-Maliki, Alwi Abbas Ibanah al-Ahkam, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1996.
Al-Qozwaini, Abdullah Muhammad bin Yazid, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Beirut: Darul Fikr, tt.
Al-Syairazi, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Ali, Al-Muhadzdhab, Beirut: Darul Kutub, 1995.
Al-Syarkhasi, Syamsuddin Abu Bakr Muhammad, Al-Mabsuth, Beirut: Darul Makrifah, tt.
Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah, Terj. Agus Effendi dan Bahruddin Fananny, Zakat Kajian Berbagai Madzhab, Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2008.
_________________, Terj. Abdul Hayyie al-Kattani, dkk, Fiqih Islam Wa Adillatuhu, Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2011.
An-Nawawi, Abu Zakaria Muhyiddin bin Syaraf, Al-Majmu’, Beirut: Darul Fikr, tt.
Arikunto, Suharsimi, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2006.
As’at, Kamran dkk, Fiqh Ibadah, Jakarta: Amzah, 2009.
Ash-Sajastany, Abi Dawud Sulaiman Ibn Ash’as, Sunan Abi Dawud, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1994.
Ash-Shiddieqy, M. Hasbi, Pedoman Zakat, Semarang: Pustaka Rizki Putra, 2009.
Ash-Syaukani, Muhammad bin Ali bin Muhammad Nailul Author, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1983.
Taufiqurrahman, Zaky Fajar, and Habibi Al Amin. "Desain Pembelajaran Literasi Kitab Kuning Melalui Metode Sorogan dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Agama Islam." Syntax Literate; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6.2 (2021): 1467-1474.
 
Algoritme Logistic Regression untuk Mendeteksi Ujaran Kebencian dan Bahasa Kasar Multilabel pada Twitter Berbahasa Indonesia
No full textUjaran kebencian semakin meningkat bersamaan dengan banyaknya pengguna media sosial. Twitter merupakan salah satu media sosial yang membantu penyeberan ujaran ujaran melalui fitur twit-nya yang dilakukan berulang-ulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengklasifikasi apakah sebuah twit mengandung ujaran kebencian atau bahasa kasar, dan jika terdeteksi mengandung ujaran kebencian maka akan diukur tingkatannya. Dataset yang digunakan diambil dari Twitter sebanyak 13.126 twit asli. Klasifikasi menggunakan Algoritma logistic Regression dan fitur teks word embedding. Dilakukan beberapa kali percobaan untuk mendapatkan model terbaik agar pengujian didapatkan secara optimal. Rata-rata akurasi yang dari ketiga kelas sebesar 75,59%, untuk kelas hate speech 75,86%,kelas abusive 80,05%, kelas level 70,86% dengan komposisi 90:10.
Kata kunci: Klasifikasi, Logistic Regression, Ujaran Kebencian, Twitter
Diksi Tentang Makhluk Dalam Teks Lagu Ebiet G. Ade
No full textABSTRAK Zamnur, Muhammad. 2016. Diksi Tentang Makhluk Dalam Teks Lagu Ebiet G. Ade. Skripsi, Jurusan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: Prof. Dr. H. A. Syukur Ghazali, M.Pd. Kata kunci: diksi, makhluk. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bersubjek pada lagu Ebiet G. Ade yang difokuskan untuk mendeskripsikan diksi tentang makhluk dalam teks lagu Ebiet G. Ade. Makhluk tersebut meliputi insani (manusia), hewani (hewan), dan botani (tumbuhan). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data penelitian ini adalah kata yang mengandung makhluk insani (manusia), hewani (hewan), dan botani (tumbuhan). Sumber data penelitian ini berupa teks lagu Ebiet G. Ade yang diperoleh dari hasil mengunduh di internet (youtube) dan kaset rekaman. Prosedur pengumpulan data adalah (1) mengunduh lagu-lagu Ebiet melalui internet (youtube) dan mengambil dari kaset rekaman, (2) mengetik ulang lirik-lirik lagu Ebiet yang ada pada youtube dan teks kaset rekaman. (3) membaca berulang-ulang teks lagu Ebiet G. Ade, (4) melakukan interpretasi dan analisis lagu Ebiet untuk menemukan deskripsi makhluk yang ada di dalamnya. (5) Melakukan identifikasi, klasifikasi, dan pencatatan diksi tentang makhluk berdasarkan interpretasi dan analisis yang telah dilakukan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode hermeneutik. Adapun tahap-tahap penelitian yaitu menyusun rancangan penelitian dengan menentukan latar belakang dan masalah yang hendak diteliti; identifikasi dan klasifikasi data; interpretasi dan analisis data; serta membuat kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan beberapa poin dalam tiga makhluk (insani, hewani, dan botani) dalam Lagu Ebiet G. Ade yang telah dirumuskan. Makhluk insani terbagi atas manusia yang dicintai, manusia yang memiliki ikatan sedarah atau keluarga, manusia yang tersisih. Makhluk hewani digunakan sebagai gambaran perasaan cinta, kedukaan dan kesedihan, sifat manusia, kondisi alam, manusia tersisih, dan harapan. Makhluk botani digunakan sebagai gambaran perasaan cinta, sifat manusia, halangan atau rintangan, kesedihan atau kedukaan, kondisi alam, dan harapan. Penelitian ini merupakan pengajian tentang diksi tentang makhluk dalam teks lagu Ebiet G. Ade. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian bisa digunakan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan sebagai referensi untuk menyusun rencana pemuatan bahan ajar yang berhubungan dengan makhluk. Untuk peneliti selanjutnya, hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi rujukan dalam mengembangkan atau menemukan gagasan baru pada objek yang sama, karena tidak menutup kemungkinan masih banyak hal-hal yang harus dikembangkan pada penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi penulis karya sastra agar menulis atau menyajikan karya sastra yang bermutu dan mengandung nilai pendidikan di dalamnya. Untuk para pembaca setelah membaca penelitian ini agar dapat menambah pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang makhluk. ABSTRACT Zamnur, Muhammad. 2016. Diction About Creature In Text Ebiet G. Ade song. Thesis, Indonesian Literature Departmen, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. Advisor: Prof. Dr. H. A. Syukur Ghazali, M.Pd. Keywords: diction, creature This research is a research be subject to the songs Ebiet G. Ade focused to describe the diction of the creatures in the text songs Ebiet G. Ade. These include human beings (human), animal (pet), and botanical (plant). This research is a qualitative research. This research data is a word that contains a human being (human), animal (pet), and botanical (plant). This research data sources such as text songs Ebiet G. Ade obtained from the download on the internet (youtube) and cassettes. Data collection procedures are (1) download songs Ebiet via the internet (youtube) and took on the tape, (2) re-typing the song's lyrics Ebiet available on youtube and text cassettes. (3) read the text of the song repeatedly Ebiet G. Ade, (4) perform songs Ebiet interpretation and analysis to find descriptions of the creatures in it. (5) Identification, classification, and recording of the diction of the creature based on the interpretation and analysis has been done. Analysis of the data in this study using the hermeneutic method. The stages of the research is to draft the study by determining the background and the issues to be investigated; identification and classification of data; interpretation and analysis of data; and make their conclusions. Based on the results of the research found some points in three beings (human, animal, and botanical) in Ebiet G. Ade songs has been formulated. Human beings are divided into human loved ones, people who have blood ties or family, people marginalized. Animal creature used as a picture of the feelings of love, grief and sorrow, human nature, natural conditions, humans excluded and expectations. Botanical creature used as a picture of the feelings of love, human nature, hindrance or obstacle, sadness or grief, natural conditions, and expectations. This research is a study about the diction of the creatures in the text songs Ebiet G. Ade. Therefore, the results can be used teachers and education staff as a reference to plan the loading of teaching materials related to the creatures. For further research, the results of this study can be a reference in developing or finding new ideas to the same object, since it is possible there are many things that must be developed in this research. The results of this study can be a reference to the author of a literary work in order to write or present literary works quality and contain educational value in it. For readers after reading this study in order to increase knowledge and understanding of the creature.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF TRANSACTIONS IN E-COMMERCE FROM A SHARIAH ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
No full textTechnology development has become an important issue in recent decades. Technology has become an important necessity for humans in life. Like transactions in the market that have adopted technology by creating e-commerce so that transactions become effective and efficient. This study aims to analyze the development of research on e-commerce transactions from an Islamic economic perspective, addressing critical issues such as the integration of shariah principles in digital transactions and the impact of technology on Islamic finance. This research uses a bibliometric approach, utilizing data from scientific databases such as Web of Science and Scopus to identify relevant publications and analyze citation patterns. The methodology includes data collection, processing and descriptive statistical analysis to uncover trends in the literature from 2015 to 2025. Key findings revealed a significant increase in publications, with over 1,000 papers and a total of 1,156 citations, indicating a growing interest in this field. The analysis highlighted a shift towards qualitative research methods, as evidenced by the prevalence of keywords related to user experience and empirical validation. In addition, emerging themes such as sustainability and risk management in e-commerce transactions are gaining traction, reflecting contemporary concerns within an Islamic economic framework. The study concludes that the research landscape is evolving, with each author contributing significantly to the discourse. The interconnectedness of concepts such as fairness, trust and adherence to Shariah principles underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of consumer behavior in shariah-compliant e-commerce
MARARI SABTU DALAM UGAMO MALIM PADA KOMUNITAS PARMALIM DI KOTA MEDAN
No full textThis study aims to determine the process of the Marari Saturday ritual ceremony and to find out the impact or influence of Marari Saturday in the lives of the people of Ugamo Malim adherents. In this study, the author uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. And the theory used in this study uses the structural-functional theory proposed by Bronislaw K. Malinowski. The process of collecting data using observation, direct interviews accompanied by documentation. From the results of the research, it is known that the Saturday Marari process is an action that is usually carried out by Parmalim people to honor Ompung Debata Mulajadi Nabolon. Every Saturday, Parmalim parishioners gather at a predetermined place in the Medan City branch, namely Bale Parsantian to worship and be grateful for Ompung Debata Mulajadi Nabolon and at that time these individuals are given poda or directions to be more firm in their behavior in carrying out their Ugamo . In the ritual ceremony of Marari Saturday, it is influential in the life of the people of Ugamo Malim followers. Which is influential in social life, such as, influencing social ties or solidarity that exists between fellow adherents and local residents and can be useful for those around them, in religious life it affects the life of community harmony and blessings in carrying out the life given by Ompung Debata Mulajadi Nabolo, especially the community. Parmalim. In economic life, it affects the lives of its adherents, and in Parmalim's teachings, Patik ordered his followers to work hard, think logically, and not expect the mercy of others. And in the field of education, the ritual ceremony of the Saturday Marari has a fairly important influence, because Parmalim always emphasizes that knowledge is very much needed in the development of the education of its adherents
Islamic financial contracting forms in Saudi Arabia: Law and practice
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel UniversityThe main objective of this research is to examine whether the current practices of Islamic banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia are compatible with the principles of Shariah. This examination includes the current uses of sukuk (Islamic bonds), the models of takaful (Islamic insurance) and accepted risk transfer mechanisms in Islamic structured finance (Islamic derivatives). The second purpose is to investigate the basic laws of banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia and examine whether they are compatible with Shariah principles. The final aim is to suggest solutions to the absence of regulatory and supervisory systems of Islamic finance in Saudi Arabia by proposing a legislative and regulatory framework for Islamic banking and finance in Saudi Arabia.
The research findings show that there are no specific laws and regulations governing Islamic banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia. In addition, there is no independent central Shariah board to regulate and supervise Islamic banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia, nor are there are any specialised commercial courts to look into banking issues. The research finds that there are some articles in the law of supervision of cooperative insurance companies in Saudi Arabia, and its implementing regulations, which do not comply with Shariah, and in addition, there is some incompatibility between the law and its implementing regulations. The final finding is that the issuance of sukuk and Islamic financial derivatives in Saudi Arabia are not consistent with Shariah requirements, due to the absence of regulatory policies and supervisory harmonisation, while Islamic insurance needs to amend some articles of the law of supervision of cooperative insurance companies in Saudi Arabia, and its implementing regulations, in order to comply with Shariah and also to avoid incompatibility between them
