25 research outputs found
Plant reproduction in the alpine landscape : reproductive ecology, genetic diversity and gene flow of the rare monocarpic "Campanula thyrsoides" in the Swiss Alps
No full textAims & Objectives
The work presented in this thesis forms part of a larger project “How patchy
habitat and isolation affect alpine plant life: genetic diversity, gene flow and mating
systems”, which includes the PhD studies of Patrick Kuss and the author under the
supervision of Professor Jürg Stöcklin.
This doctoral thesis investigates the consequences of the natural fragmentation
and patchiness of alpine landscapes on the life of alpine plant populations. The central
focus of the thesis is on the mating system, the role of inbreeding and/or outbreeding
depression, genetic diversity and geographic structure within and among populations
of the rare Alpine monocarpic perennial Campanula thyrsoides. The main objectives
and research questions addressed are:
• Is Campanula thyrsoides self-compatible (SI) and if not, does the SI system
break down with flower age? Do inbred C. thyrsoides offspring in the common
garden suffer from inbreeding depression?
• Do we find a distance related inbreeding depression (poorer reproducive
output) or outbreeding depression (increased reproductive output) in field
populations of C. thyrsoides following crosses of different crossing distances
(selfing, 1m, 10m, 100m and among distant populations)?
• How much genetic diversity exists within populations of C. thyrsoides and
how does it relate to population size and altitude? Has the natural habitat
fragmentation let to strong genetic differentiation and restricted gene flow
among populations of C. thyrsoides resulting in a pronounced geographic
structure?
Study species
In order to seek answers to our research questions, we choose to study a
yellow bellflower; Campanula thyrsoides. The choice was based on the information
that C. thyrsoides is a rare plant species, which is only found on calcarious soils
within the European Alps and adjacent mountain ranges (Aeschimann et al. 2005).
The plants selectiveness for carbonate bearing soils together with the fact that its
seeds are not adapted to long-distance dispersal (Tackenberg 2003) are the main
reasons for the isolation and small sizes of many of its populations. These population
characteristics, therefore, made C. thyrsoides a suitable study species. Another
important characteristic of C. thyrsoides, and one of the main reasons for its inclusion
in the study is because it is a monocarpic perennial which flowers once and
subsequently dies (Jäger 2000). Monocarpic plants species, which are more
commonly found in subtropical and tropical mountain systems (e.g. the giant rosettes
of Puya spp, Espeletia spp., Echium spp. etc., Smith & Young 1987; Young &
Augspurger 1991) are rare amidst the temperate alpine flora (for the Alps, see
Aeschimann et al. 2005). Monocarpy can promote genetic differentiation between
populations by reducing the effective population size due to a shorter generation time
and lower density of populations (Loveless & Hamrick 1984; Vitalis et al. 2004).
When studying the effects of population isolation and habitat fragmentation on
plant reproduction (e.g. mating system and inbreeding depression), it is, moreover,
ideal to study a Campanula species. Although most Campanula species are selfincompatible
and allogamous (Nyman 1993), both a break-down in the SI system with
flower age (Vogler et al. 1998) and an evolution towards complete self-compatibility
(Ægisdóttir & Thórhallsdóttir 2006) have been recorded.
Design
We studied the reproductive ecology and genetic diversity of Campanula
thyrsoides by firstly setting up pollination experiments in the common garden and in
the field and secondly by sampling leaf material in 32 field populations in
Switzerland. In the common garden study, we set up a pollination experiment in order
to study the breeding system of C. thyrsoides, including the consequences of selfing,
half-sibling crossings and outcrossing on reproductive output and seedling
performance. Moreover, field experiments in four populations were set up in the
Swiss Alps in order to study the effect of different crossing distances on reproduction
in C. thyrsoides and to see if evidence would be found of hidden inbreeding
depression or outbreeding depression following large-distance crossings compared to
within-population crossings. In addition, we studied the genetic diversity, gene flow
and geographical structure within and among 32 field populations of C. thyrsoides in
Switzerland, covering both large geographical and altitudinal ranges. The genetic
study was conducted using 5 co-dominant microsatellite markers. In addition, we
studied the genetic diversity in C. thyrsoides and two other alpine plants using random
amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker as well as studing the evolutionary
demography of C. thyrsoides
Nærvær og filosofisk æstetik i Pascal Merciers roman Perlmanns Schweigen.
No full textThe Swiss author Pascal Mercier, which is the pen name of the philosopher Peter Bieri, made his debut as a novelist with the ‘thriller of consciousness’ Perlmanns Schweigen (Perlmann’s Silence) in 1995. Already in the first sentence, the reader is confronted with the main character’s failing ability to experience presence, and the oscillation between presence and lack of presence is one of the novel’s main themes. Although being an analytical philosopher himself, philosophical aesthetics seems more relevant than analytical philosophy to the novel’s use of the category of ‘presence’. Therefore, this paper presents a short account of the tradition of philosophical aesthetics from Baumgarten to Gumbrecht and Dorthe Jørgensen. This tradition is the common thread in the presentation of the following themes: “The Psychology of Presence”, “The Stereotypical versus the Presence-enhancing Use of Language”, and “Presence in the Light of the Beauty of Nature and the Beauty of Art”. Key words: Presence, aesthetics, analytical philosophy, aesthetics of philosophy, language, beauty, Baumgarten, Gumbrecht, Dorthe JørgensenThe Swiss author Pascal Mercier, which is the pen name of the philosopher Peter Bieri, made his debut as a novelist with the ‘thriller of consciousness’ Perlmanns Schweigen (Perlmann’s Silence) in 1995. Already in the first sentence, the reader is confronted with the main character’s failing ability to experience presence, and the oscillation between presence and lack of presence is one of the novel’s main themes. Although being an analytical philosopher himself, philosophical aesthetics seems more relevant than analytical philosophy to the novel’s use of the category of ‘presence’. Therefore, this paper presents a short account of the tradition of philosophical aesthetics from Baumgarten to Gumbrecht and Dorthe Jørgensen. This tradition is the common thread in the presentation of the following themes: “The Psychology of Presence”, “The Stereotypical versus the Presence-enhancing Use of Language”, and “Presence in the Light of the Beauty of Nature and the Beauty of Art”.Key words: Presence, aesthetics, analytical philosophy, aesthetics of philosophy, language, beauty, Baumgarten, Gumbrecht, Dorthe JørgensenSvissneski rithöfundurinn Pascal Mercier (sem er raunar skáldanafn heimspekingsins Peter Bieri) kom fram á sjónarsviðið með „vitundar-hrollvekjunni“ Perlmanns Schweigen (Þögn Perlmanns) árið 1995. Strax í fyrstu setningu verksins kemst lesandinn að raun um að söguhetjan, Philipp Perlmann, á æ erfiðara með að finna fyrir nærveru og er flöktið milli nærveru og nærveruleysis eitt af leiðarstefjum þess. Enda þótt höfundur bókarinnar sé heimspekingur af skóla rökgreiningar virðist heppilegra að styðjast við heimspekilega fagurfræði en rökgreiningarheimspeki til þess að átta sig á hugtakinu „nærvera“. Í þessari grein er þess vegna sett fram stutt yfirlit yfir hefð heimspekilegrar fagurfræði, frá Baumgarten til Gumbrechts og Dorthe Jørgensen, og eftirfarandi stef í sögunni skýrð út frá þeirri hefð: „Sálfræði nærverunnar“, „Andstæða klisjukenndrar málnotkunar og getu tungumálsins til að efla nærveru“ og „Nærveran í ljósi náttúrufegurðar og listfegurðar“.Lykilorð: nærvera, fagurfræði, rökgreiningarheimspeki, heimspekileg fagurfræði, tungumál, fegurð, Baumgarten, Gumbrecht, Dorthe Jørgense
MuM'23 Workshop on Interruptions and Attention Management
No full textAttention management systems seek to minimize disruption by intelligently timing interruptions and helping users navigate multiple tasks and activities. While there is a solid theoretical basis and rich history in HCI research for attention management, little progress has been made regarding their practical implementation and deployment. Building sophisticated attention management systems requires a great variety of sensors, task- and user models, and multiple devices while considering the complexity of user context and human behavior. Novel AI technologies, such as generative systems, reinforcement learning, and large language models, open new possibilities to create intelligent, practical, and user-centered attention management systems. This proposed workshop aims to bring together researchers and practitioners from diverse backgrounds to discuss and formulate a research agenda to advance attention management systems using novel AI tools to manage and mitigate interruptions from computing systems effectively.Human Information Communication DesignHuman-Centred Artificial Intelligenc
Communication Technologies for Vehicles: Third International Workshop, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains 2011 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, March 23-24, 2011 Proceedings
No full textThe Communication Technologies for Vehicles workshop series provides an international forum on latest technologies and research in the field of intra- and inter-vehicle communications in which to present original research results in all areas relating to communication protocols and standards, mobility and traffic models, experimental and field operational testing, and performance analysis
De l'ombre à la lumière. Germain Picavet, bourgeois de Lille, clerc de la gouvernance, scribe occasionnel de Philippe le Bon (1454)
No full textFrom Shadow to Daylight. Germain Picavet, Lille Burger, Governance Clerk, Sometime Scribe of Philippe le Bon (1454).
Among the works found in Philipp the Good's, Duke of Burgundy, library there was an illustrated copy of the Livre d'Eracles (Brussels, Royal Library, ms. 9045) in which Germain Picavet left his name three times. Author of large initials, decorated with extraordinary pen strokes, this copier is a Lille citizen. Born in the neighbouring countryside, Lille burger in 1431, appointed to the governance of Lille, Douai and Orchies from 1443 to 1466, then adviser to the same institution, Picavet develops his career in the service of the Duke of Burgundy and pushes upward his numerous children. His quality of clerk enables him to copy manuscripts ; and his rank allows him to sign the transcription of this history of the crusades before making a gift of it. The opportunity offers itself in 1454, in relation with the Pheasant Banquet, that takes place in Lille in the la Salle Castle, seat of the governance. Picavet's identification, which allows to date and spot a specific manuscript, reveals, like the point of the iceberg, the dim and underestimated part played by the administrative personnel in the copying of the Duke's manuscripts. Lastly, through his function, Picavet is the counterpart of Simon Nockart, « first clerk of the Hainaut Bailiwick », better known as promoter of the translation of the Chroniques de Hainaut around 1446. A few years away and in different political contexts, both men, close to the authority and at its disposal, take part in the task of constructing the Prince's legitimacy.Parmi les ouvrages de la bibliothèque de Philippe le Bon, duc de Bourgogne, figurait un exemplaire illustré du Livre d'Eracles (Bruxelles, Bibliothèque Royale, ms. 9045) où Germain Picavet laissa trois fois son nom. Auteur de grandes initiales, ornées d'extraordinaires jeux de plumes, ce copiste s'avère être lillois. Originaire de la campagne voisine, bourgeois de Lille en 1431, greffier de la gouvernance de Lille, Douai et Orchies de 1443 à 1466, puis conseiller de la même institution, Picavet mène sa carrière au service du duc de Bourgogne, et pousse socialement de l'avant ses nombreux enfants. Sa qualité de clerc le rend apte à la copie du manuscrit ; et l'importance de son emploi l'autorise à signer la transcription de cette histoire des croisades avant d'en faire don. L'occasion se présente en 1454, en rapport avec le banquet du Faisan, qui se tient à Lille au château de la Salle, siège de la gouvernance. L'identification de Picavet, qui permet de dater et de localiser un manuscrit spécifique, révèle, telle la pointe de l'iceberg, la part insaisissable et mésestimée du personnel administratif dans la copie des manuscrits ducaux. Enfin, par sa fonction, Picavet est le pendant de Simon Nockart, « premier clerc du bailliage de Hainaut », davantage connu parce qu'instigateur de la traduction des Chroniques de Hainaut vers 1446. A quelques années de distance et dans des contextes politiques différents, les deux hommes, proches du pouvoir et à sa disposition, participent chacun à l'entreprise de légitimation du prince.Van de schaduw naar het licht. Germain Picavet, burger van Rijsel, klerk van het baluwschap, gelegenheidsschrijver voor Filips de Goede (1454).
In de bibliotheek van Filips de Goede, hertog van Bourgondië, bevond zich het geillustreerde boek Livre d'Eracles (Brussel, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, ms. 9045) waarin de naam Germain Picavet driemaal voorkomt. Als auteur van grote initialen versierd met grote pluimkrullen toont deze copiist zijn Rijselse oorsprong. Picavet is afkomstig uit het nabije platteland, wordt burger in 1431, griffier van het baluwschap van Rijsel, Dowaai en Orchies, van 1443 tot 1466, daama raadgever bij dezelfde ins- telling. Tijdens zijn loopbaan bij de hertog van Bourgondië probeert hij zijn talrijke kinderen sociaal goed te plaatsen. In zijn kwaliteit van klerk is hij in staat het hand- schrift te copiëren en het belang van zijn post maakt het mogelijk dat hij die trans- criptie van de geschiedenis van de kruistochten signeert voor hij ze kan schenken. De gelegenheid daarvoor is, in 1454, het Banket van de Fazant, in het kasteel de la Salle in Rijsel, de zetel van het baluwschap. De identificering van Picavet, waarmee men het handschrift kan dateren en plaatsen, reveleert, als de top van een ijsberg, de moeilijk in te schatten en verwaarloosde bijdrage van het administrateif personeel in de copie van de hertogelijke handschriften. Door zijn post is Picavet de tegenhanger van Simon Nockart, « eerste klerk van het baljuwschap van Henegouwen », beter bekend wegens zijn inspanning inzake de vertaling van de Chroniques de Hainaut ca 1446. Met een tussenpoos van een paar jaar en in een verschillende politieke situatie, werken de twee mannen in de omgeving en in opdracht van de macht aan de legiti- matie van de prins.Schandel Pascal. De l'ombre à la lumière. Germain Picavet, bourgeois de Lille, clerc de la gouvernance, scribe occasionnel de Philippe le Bon (1454). In: Revue du Nord, tome 80, n°324, Janvier-mars 1998. pp. 65-89
Карл-Филипп Рейф как лингвист и переводчик/ Carl Philipp Rafe as a linguist and translator
No full textInternational audienceThe report focuses on the linguistic heritage of K.-F. Rafe (1792-1872), French-speaking Swiss, who lived in Russia for more than twenty years. It consists of a number of Russian grammar, he compiled; many two- and many-speaking dictionaries, as well as translations into French of works linguists, particularly N.I. Grech, A.S. Shishkov, A.K. Vostokov. Rafe merits before Russian linguistics were associated mainly with his two-volume dictionary of Russian language published under the title "The etymological lexicon of Russian or Russian-French dictionary" (SPb., 1835-1836), as well as educational "parallel language dictionary of Russian, French, German and English ". Rafe studied of this dictionary the compilation and publication of which for several decades, from the forties to the sixties of the 19th century, being already outside of Russia. in the name Rafe survived thanks to Louis Leger, its founder, who reissued Reyfovu grammar in 1878, partly reworked by expanding it. Appeal to the texts of all the works Rafe, their complex consideration reveals a close connection between them, to discover the logic of the linguistic and didactic ideas of the author and, in general, to reassess his work as an independent linguist
Georg Simmel et la mode berlinoise autour de 1900
No full textLa théorie de la mode de Georg Simmel fait partie des textes de référence des études sur la mode apparues dans les années 1980. Pourtant, les différentes versions allemandes du texte, datant de 1895, 1905 et 1911, ne sont que rarement comparées lorsqu’il s’agit d’expliquer le modèle proposé par le sociologue philosophe. Le présent article interprète les remaniements successifs de l’essai, en montrant comment Simmel se confronte au contexte socio-économique et culturel de la mode berlinoise de l’époque. À travers cette comparaison des essais entre eux et l’étude du terrain observable par l’auteur, la conception simmélienne perd le caractère figé qu’on lui prête souvent et nous fournit un modèle d’observation sociologique et historique.Georg Simmels Modetheorie zählt zu den Klassikern der in den 1980er Jahren entstandenen Fashion Studies. Doch unternehmen die Erläuterungen dieses philosophisch-soziologischen Textes nur selten einen Vergleich zwischen den unterschiedlichen Fassungen von 1895, 1905 und 1911. Um Simmels Herangehensweise zu beleuchten, untersucht dieser Beitrag die Varianten der Essays im Rahmen der vom Autor beobachtbaren Berliner Mode und derer sozialwirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Veränderungen. Bei der Gegenüberstellung der Texte miteinander und der Texte mit ihrem Kontext erscheint die Simmel’sche Auffassung nicht mehr als starre Theorie, sondern eher als methodologischer Ansatz zur soziologischen und historischen Beobachtung.Georg Simmel’s fashion theory is a reference in fashion studies. Yet, analysis of this philosophical-sociological text rarely compares the different versions of 1895, 1905 and 1911. In order to shed light on Simmel’s approach, this article examines the different essays in the context of Berlin fashion, which the author could observe during its socio-economic and cultural changes. Following comparison of the texts with each other and the texts with their context, Simmel’s view no longer appears as a rigid theory, but rather as a methodological approach to sociological and historical observation
Author response image 1.
No full textBiomarkers for patient selection are essential for the successful and rapid development of emerging targeted anti-cancer therapeutics. In this study, we report the discovery of a novel patient selection strategy for the p53–HDM2 inhibitor NVP-CGM097, currently under evaluation in clinical trials. By intersecting high-throughput cell line sensitivity data with genomic data, we have identified a gene expression signature consisting of 13 up-regulated genes that predicts for sensitivity to NVP-CGM097 in both cell lines and in patientderived xenograft models. Interestingly, these 13 genes are known p53 downstream target genes, suggesting that the identified gene signature reflects the presence of at least a partially activated p53 pathway in NVP-CGM097-sensitive tumors. Together, our findings provide evidence for the use of this newly identified predictive gene signature to refine the selection of patients with wild-type p53 tumors and increase the likelihood of response to treatment with p53–HDM2 inhibitors, such as NVP-CGM097
InP/Si3N4 Hybrid External-Cavity Laser with sub-kHz Linewidth Acting as a Pump Source for Kerr Frequency Combs
No full textWe report on an InP/Si3N4 hybrid integrated ECL that relies on 3D-printed coupling elements such as intra-cavity photonic wire bonds and facet-attached microlenses. We demonstrate 90 nm tuning range, SMSR above 60 dB, and intrinsic linewidths of 979 Hz. We use the ECL as tunable pump laser for Kerr-comb generation. (C) 2022 The Author(s)LPQ
Data from: A 3D Analysis of Dendritic Solidification and Mosaicity in Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys
No full textAuthor: F. Scholz, M. Cevik, P. Hallensleben, P. Thome, G. Eggeler, J. Frenzel
Affiliation: Ruhr University Bochum
Date: 08/2021
Material: Nickel-base superalloy ERBO/1 (more details: Parsa, A. B., et al. Advanced scale bridging microstructure analysis of single crystal Ni-base superalloys. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2015, 17 (2), 216-230, https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201400136)
Casting: Bridgman seed technique; Withdrawal rate: 180 mm/h, Thermal gradient 13.3 K/mm (more details: Hallensleben, P., et al. On the evolution of cast microstructures during processing of single crystal Ni-base superalloys using a Bridgman seed technique, Mat. Des. 2017, 128, 98–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.001)
Sample: Cross sectional slices extracted perpendicular to the growth direction of a single crystal superalloy cylinder (diameter 12mm, length 120 mm).
Image acquisition: Optical microscope of type Axio (Carl Zeiss GmbH) equipped with a high-resolution CCD-camera of type Leica DFC320 and stepper-motor driven sample stage of type Tango Desktop (Märzhäuser)
Image pre-processing: Preparation of wide-field image collages using the stitching procedures implemented in software package Imagic ims (https://imagic.ch/en/imagic-ims, 07/2021)
Image post-processing: Image registration with CorelDraw X7 (: https://www.coreldraw.com/en/, 07/2021) using a contour reference mask
Quantitate analysis: Dendrite positions were extracted using the software package ImageJ (https://imagej.de.softonic.com/, 07/2021).
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The five optical micrographs cross sections represent image data which were obtained by tomographic characterization of as-cast single crystal nickel-base superalloy prepared by a seeded Bridgman technique. The material has been studied in the frame of the collaborative research center SFB/TR 103. All details on the applied Bridgman technique are described in the literature (Hallensleben, P., et al., Mat. Des. 2017, 128, 98–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.001 and Hallensleben, P., et al., Crystals 2019, 9 (3), 149, https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst9030149). The tomographic image slices were prepared by successive electro discharge machining using incremental steps of 1mm. The image series represents the evolution of dendritic microstructures during the early stages of crystal growth from the back melted seed. The five wide-field micrographs were used to retrieve dendrite positions (enclosed as CSV data for each cross section) to evaluate crystal mosaicity on the basis of dendrite growth directions. All information and a detailed interpretation of tomographic are available in (Scholz, F., PhD-thesis, Ruhr University Bochum, https://doi.org/10.13154/294-8079). We hope that our image data will be useful for other types of solidification research. Please provide a notification by personal mail on the re-use of our raw data. Thank you.
All images and dendrite position data were evaluated in the following study concerning dendrite growth behavior, low angle misorientation defects, dendrite arrangements and spacings:
Scholz, F.; Cevik, M.; Hallensleben, P.; Thome, P.; Eggeler, G.; Frenzel, J. A 3D Analysis of Dendritic Solidification and Mosaicity in Ni-based Single Crystal Superalloys, Materials 2021, 14 (17), 4904 (https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14174904)
