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À l’heure où l’on ne prend au sérieux que la voix des canons… Georges Henein, animateur des avant-gardes artistiques et politiques cairotes pendant la guerre
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Language and Screen-Based Multimodal Communication
No full textCollection online "Social Sciences"The main objective of this article is to explore how language and languaging are impacted by the mediatization of digital technologies. First we point to the main characteristics of screen-based communication, that is multimodality, interactivity, mobility, relationship to time and technogenres. Then we address three current research issues: multilingualism and translations, discrimination and hate speech, and automatic processing of languages in large language models
Ce que l’EPS fait à la socialisation des élèves allophones au collège. Anatomie de deux portraits sociologiques entre dispositionnalisme et contextualisme
No full textInternational audienceThis article analyses how the dispositions (to be, act and think) of two allophone and migrant students are activated/ inhibited, adjusted or reinforced in relation to intra-school contextes, such as PE, in a middle school in a priority education district. Based on an ethnographic study involving five months of on-site observations and eight biographical and/or semi-structured interviews, this study explores the sociological portraits of Andrei and Eva, who have recently arrived in France. Shaped by heterogeneous lifecourse experiences as well as singular family configurations and migratory projects, these two students are endowed with plural dispositions (social, gendered, scholastic and sporting) that is unequally influenced by the subject and, more broadly, by school. At PE level, peer groups, the enveloping support provided by teachers, the use of corporal demonstrations to underpin instructions or the deployment of learning, evaluative or competitive teaching situations all have multiple effects, both in terms of putting incorporated dispositions on standby/awakening them and in terms of adjusting or reinforcing them. The juvenile sociabilities that take shape in the interstices of the school and spread in PE, as well as the socializing experiences in other subjects, also deserve to be investigated in order to grasp the full complexity of their socialization in French schools.Cet article analyse comment les dispositions (à être, agir et penser) de deux élèves allophones s’activent/s’inhibent, s’ajustent ou se renforcent, en fonction des contextes intrascolaires, tels que l’EPS, dans un collège en réseau d’éducation prioritaire. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique couplant cinq mois d’observations in situ ainsi que huit entretiens biographiques et/ou semi-directifs, ce travail plonge dans les portraits sociologiques d’Andrei et d’Eva, récemment arrivé·es en France. Conditionné·es par des parcours de vie hétérogènes ainsi que des configurations familiales et des projets migratoires singuliers, ces deux allophones sont doté·es d’une épaisseur dispositionnelle (sociale, genrée, scolaire et sportive) inégalement travaillée par la discipline et, plus largement, au collège. À l’échelle de l’EPS, les groupes de pairs, l’accompagnement professoral enveloppant, l’usage de démonstrations corporelles pour étayer les consignes ou le déploiement de situations pédagogiques d’apprentissage, évaluatives ou compétitives, produisent des effets pluriels tant sur la mise en veille/en éveil de dispositions antérieurement incorporées, que sur leur ajustement ou leur renforcement. Les sociabilités juvéniles, qui se façonnent dans les interstices du collège et se diffusent en EPS, ainsi que les expériences socialisatrices dans les autres enseignements méritent aussi d’être sondées pour saisir toute la complexité de leur socialisation scolaire française
Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution and components in relation to breast cancer risk: A nested case-control study in the E3N-Generations cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Previous studies on the association between airborne particulate matter(PM), particularly PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀, and breast cancer have shown inconsistent results,potentially due to variations in particle composition. To address this, we investigatedthe relationship between breast cancer and exposure to individual PM2.5 and PM10components, as well as their combined effects, in the French E3N-Generation.Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study within the cohort (1990–2011),including 5,222 incident breast cancer cases matched to 5,222 controls. Annual meanconcentrations (μg/m³) of pollutants at residential addresses were estimated usingthe CHIMERE chemistry-transport model from 1990 to the index date. Exposureassessment included nine PM components: ammonium, sulfates, black carbon,polychlorobiphenyl-153 (PCB153), nitrates, benzo[a]pyrene, cadmium, dioxins, andSaharan dust. We evaluated single-pollutant effects using simple and logisticregression, and mixture effects using Quantile G-computation (QGC) and BayesianKernel Machine Regression (BKMR).Results: Significant positive associations with breast cancer (Odds Ratios andconfidence intervals for one SD increase (controls distribution) were found forammonium (OR=1.19; 95%CI:1.05–1.35, sulfate (OR=1.17; 95%CI:1.02–1.34), PCB153(OR=1.16; 95%CI:1.08–1.26), nitrate (OR=1.15; 95%CI:1.01–1.32,black carbon(OR=1.12; 95%CI:1.05–1.19), cadmium (OR=1.05; 95%CI:1.00–1.11). QGC showed apositive association with breast cancer for a one-quartile increase in joint exposure(OR=1.22; 95% CI:1.00–1.50) with cadmium and nitrate as major contributors. BKMRconfirmed a significant positive association between the mixture and breast cancer.Conclusion: The consistency between single-pollutant and mixture analyses supportsa role for multiple PM components acting jointly on breast cancer risk. These resultssuggest that the chemical composition of PM, rather than individual pollutants alone,is a key determinant of breast cancer risk, highlighting the importance of consideringpollutant composition in air pollution research
1989 in the East. Between Order and Subversion
No full textInternational audience1989 in the East revisits the processes that led to the collapse of communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe, the Balkans and the USSR. This disintegration appeared to be the result of complex mobilisations where the repertoires of action, the institutional and non-institutional ties, the ideological preferences, and the identities of the actors, including the most official ones, have been profoundly changed. The modes of contestation have gone from a self-limited subversion of established institutions, with some forms of collaboration with the regime, to much clearer and more radical forms of head-on opposition. Opposition movements developed according to rhythms and modalities specific to each country, sometimes to each social sphere. Social mobilisations, institutional transformations (both visible and less visible), and the emergence of new actors in all social spheres are therefore central issues in this book.This book, based on rich empirical material, will be of interest to specialists in the region, as well as, more generally, to students of regime change and collapse, political crises, social movements, authoritarian regimes, and the forms of mobilisation that develop within them
RibPull: Implicit Occupancy Fields and Medial Axis Extraction for CT Ribcage Scans
No full textInternational audienceWe present RibPull, a methodology that utilizes implicit occupancy fields to bridge computational geometry and medical imaging. Implicit 3D representations use continuous functions that handle sparse and noisy data more effectively than discrete methods. While voxel grids are standard for medical imaging, they suffer from resolution limitations, topological information loss, and inefficient handling of sparsity. Coordinate functions preserve complex geometrical information and represent a better solution for sparse data representation, while allowing for further morphological operations. Implicit scene representations enable neural networks to encode entire 3D scenes within their weights. The result is a continuous function that can implicitly compesate for sparse signals and infer further information about the 3D scene by passing any combination of 3D coordinates as input to the model. In this work, we use neural occupancy fields that predict whether a 3D point lies inside or outside an object to represent CT-scanned ribcages. We also apply a Laplacian-based contraction to extract the medial axis of the ribcage, thus demonstrating a geometrical operation that benefits greatly from continuous coordinate-based 3D scene representations versus voxel-based representations. We evaluate our methodology on 20 medical scans from the RibSeg dataset, which is itself an extension of the RibFrac dataset. We will release our code upon publication.</div
Towards a Smarter Homophone Correction Tool: A Case Study in Khmer Writing
No full textInternational audienceHomophone errors are a common challenge in written communication, affecting both high-resource languages, such as English, and low-resource languages, such as Khmer. These errors are often difficult to detect because they require contextual understanding rather than simple spelling correction. While existing spelling correction tools enhance text accuracy, they do little to improve users’ long-term writing skills, often leading to an over-reliance on automated corrections. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the challenges of homophone usage, specifically among Khmer users, and proposing a foundational theoretical blueprint for future solution development. Through a questionnaire-based survey, we analyzed the prevalence of homophone errors and their impact on Khmer speakers. Additionally, we conducted an experimental study using Typing Tracker, where participants transcribed audio-recorded articles to determine their ability to correctly use homophones in context. Based on these insights, we introduce Sor-Ser, an innovative conceptual approach that integrates Natural Language Processing (NLP) with Learning Analytics (LA) techniques. This preliminary framework provides a foundation for addressing homophone errors while enhancing writing proficiency. By addressing both error correction and skill development, Sor-Ser provides a potential pathway for improving Khmer writing accuracy while fostering long-term proficiency and confidence
Mapping food practices in rural Italy: consumer diversity as a key to informing sustainable food policy
No full textInternational audienceThe global food system looms as a major contributor to a wide range of increasingly threatening sustainability challenges which encompass the environment, human health, justice and ethics. Hitherto food policy has relied on behavioural theories to encourage consumers towards sustainable food practices, albeit with limited success. This study delves into consumers' daily choices and attitudes to food, using theory of practice as a framework. Designed as a case study located in the Valle dei Laghi biodistrict, Italy, thirty-six semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with consumers and producers. Direct observation was used to enhance the validity and credibility of the results. In addition to the food citizen and passive consumer widely discussed in literature, the existence of two additional consumer profiles, termed the pragmatic consumer and the traditiondriven consumer, was identified. The pragmatic consumer, despite an understanding of sustainability related issues, adopts food choices rooted in convenience and opportunism. The tradition-driven consumer, in contrast, deploys unconsciously highly sustainable practices that can be traced back to the notion of quiet sustainability. In this article we discuss the significance of these findings for the design of policy interventions tailored to sustain a transformation towards sustainable food systems and propose practice-oriented policy measures to adjust and complement current policy