15,857 research outputs found
Old Hotel Hamilton, Washington, D.C. - 1736
No full textView of the 14th and K Street NW elevations of the Hotel Hamilton with a horse and buggy out front.Number in title was assigned by Willard Ros
A modelling approach to assist with managing water quality in a catchment subject to rapid urbanisation: Lake Rotokauri, Hamilton, New Zealand
No full textThe objective of this study was to apply a coupled hydrodynamic-ecological model to a peat-stained and shallow (~4 m maximum depth) eutrophic lake whose catchment is likely to be subject to urban expansion associated with the development of Hamilton city, Waikato, New Zealand. The in-lake modelling was designed to increase understanding of the lake ecosystem and potentially to influence planning and management decisions associated with the prospective urban development project being undertaken by the Hamilton City Council (HCC). The overarching goal of the development is to accommodate urban expansion whilst retaining and enhancing the existing natural resources of Lake Rotokauri and Waiwhakareke Lake, and to restore the ecological value of the Rotokauri catchment. The main objective of this study was to understand the relationship between lake water quality and the effects of change of land-use from pastoral to urban within the Rotokauri catchment. This study incorporated results from a twelve-month programme of field work undertaken independently to the present study, into empirical calculations and computer modelling related to the catchment water budget and nutrient load, as well as the lake water quality. The fieldwork included the collection of water samples at set depths from Lake Rotokauri for the analysis of total and dissolved nutrients, chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen concentrations, and water temperature. On each sampling occasion a Secchi depth was measured. The surface flow measurements and nutrient loadings via the inflows were obtained as part of a water budget calculation for the lake as well as from previous studies that used both field measurements and models to derive nutrient concentrations and loads.
An empirical water budget for Lake Rotokauri was developed to estimate the groundwater and outflow discharge as there were no gaugings that could be applied to input these variables into the lake model. Meteorological data for Lake Rotokauri was obtained from the National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Limited database, based on measurement at the Ruakura meteorological station. Meteorological data, inflows (including empirically estimated groundwater and measured surface water discharges to the lake) and the calculated outflow were entered as daily inputs to the DYRESM-CAEDYM lake model for the period of 2009. The available data relating to 2009 were looped for 2010 to check the stability of the model and its ability to capture repeated inter-annual dynamics that would be expected with identical annual forcing data input. DYRESM is a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model that predicts the vertical distribution of temperature, density and salinity. CAEDYM is an aquatic ecological model which was coupled with DYRESM as its hydrodynamic driver to simulate transport and mixing, and output temperature and biogeochemical parameters associated with lake water quality. The model satisfactorily simulated both the surface (0 m) and bottom (3 m) water temperature and the seasonal trends including the occasional stratification periods observed through spring to autumn. The model simulations showed greater departures from field data in simulating the dynamics of biogeochemical variables, particularly the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton. The conceptual seasonal succession in phytoplankton communities depicts dominance of cyanobacteria in summer and diatoms in winter. In the observed data for Lake Rotokauri diatoms were found to be the dominant group throughout the year. The calibrated model was able to show diatoms to be the dominant group over cyanobacterial blooms. The agreement between concentrations of nitrate and dissolved reactive phosphorus in the water column was better than for chlorophyll a, and the observed magnitude and seasonal fluctuations at both depths (0 and 3 m) were captured reasonably well by the model simulations. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were under and over-estimated, respectively. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (PO4) was overestimated perhaps as a result of insufficient uptake of phosphorus by the two phytoplankton groups. As the present model does not contain a dynamic description of sediment dynamics, the sediment phosphorus release rates were influenced by user-defined maximum phosphorus release rate, temperature and the oxygen concentration in the overlying waters. Concentrations of ammonium were underestimated but it represented a relatively small proportion of TN. Due to wind-induced mixing and sediment resuspension, as well as convective sediment-water heat exchanges, phosphorus may be released from the bottom sediments where it has previously sedimented out. The model simulations may not have captured these internal loads of phosphorus adequately as sediment resuspension, for example, was not explicitly included in the model configuration.
To depict the future water quality of Lake Rotokauri when subjected to urbanisation, three scenarios were developed which involved simulations with altered nutrient loads to DYRESM-CAEDYM and comparisons with the calibrated model which represented a ‘base’ or present case of water quality. The scenarios considered the water quality that could evolve during and after urban development, and with a range of mitigation measures, from relatively modest treatment to best management practices to reduce nutrient loads and attenuate water flows to the lake.
The predicted nutrient load contributed from future urban run-off was less than the nutrient load from the pastoral run-off in all scenarios. The model indicated that the nutrient loading from a future catchment with little or modest treatment of the urban area (Scenario I) would be only slightly poorer water quality than Scenario II which examined the water quality during the construction phase. Scenario III (treated water) was most effective in reducing nutrient loads to Lake Rotokauri. At 3 m depth dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations showed large fluctuations throughout the year for the both the base and untreated discharge scenarios. Chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations for the untreated scenario were greater than in the base scenario. The timing of peak chl a concentrations between base and untreated discharges differed by a few days. The TP, TN and nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations of the base scenario were greater than the untreated scenario.
Scenario II represented the intermediate stage towards Scenario 3 which was the optimal treatment case for the catchment. The greatest difference in DO at 0 m between the base case and scenario II was in March (i.e., base-intermediate = 2.76 mg L-1). At 3 m depth, Lake Rotokauri was predicted to be anoxic on 4 July 2011 (0.18 mg L-1) for scenario II. Chlorophyll a concentrations for scenario 2 were lower than the base case and PO4-P concentrations were higher. Concentrations of NO3-N and NH4-N at 3 m depth for scenario II were lower than the base case.
Scenario III involved simulating water quality from with best management practices implemented. These practices included detention basins (grass-lined), constructed wetlands, biofiltration swales and floodways. At 3 m depth, fluctuations in DO concentration for both the base and scenario III were similar at the beginning of the simulated period, but for the months of May to November DO was lower in Scenario III than the base case. The maximum chl a for scenario 3 peaked at 30.8 μgL-1 compared to 38.9 μg L-1 observed in the base model. The TP and TN concentrations were substantially lower in Scenario III than the base model. Concentrations of PO4-P at 3 m depth were low for most of the year except in March. At 0 m depth the NH4-N concentrations were greater than the base model from mid-June to July. Concentrations of NO3-N for the treated scenario at 0 m depth were approximately 25% less than the base model.
Future studies should consider an ongoing comprehensive and consistent monitoring plan that would emphasise any change in the water quality of Lake Rotokauri during and/or after high-density urban developments within the catchment. Future works should involve regular monitoring that would not only limit the uncertainties in the data but also account for any effects that may be attributable to the management plan. Restoration plans should also be considered to explore the effects of biomanipulation and re-establishment of submerged vegetation. The DYRESM-CAEDYM model may also be used to examine the effects of climate change on in-lake processes and external loads to the lake
Pseudomachaerota cucullata Hamilton, 2014, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Pseudomachaerota cucullata</i> sp. nov. <p> <b>Etymology.</b> <i>cucullata</i> (adjective), Latin for “cowled”</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Head yellow, rest of body ochreous with bold brown patch extending from basal two-thirds of clavi across scutellum (Fig. 7 E). Crown bluntly rounded; lateral margin of pronotum slightly shorter than eye, less than half as long (0.4 ×) as interocular distance. Hind wings each with 3 hooks on costal margin, 2 on triangular process and 1 at its base. Fore femora 2.5 × as long as wide; hind tibia short and broad, 3 × as long as wide across apex, with lateral spine arising near midlength; pectens of hind tibia with 9–10 black-tipped spines; those of basitarsomere with 8 black-tipped spines, of very short 2nd tarsomere with 6 spines. Female unknown. Length: 4.8 mm.</p> <p> <b>Type.</b> Male, MADAGASCAR: <i>Mahajanga Prov.,</i> Parc national Tsingy de Bemaraha, Tombeau Vazimba, 3.4 km 93o E Bekopaka, 19o8'31"S 44o49'41"E, 50 m el., 6–10 Nov. 2001 (Fisher, Griswold et al.) at light, in tropical dry forest. Holotype in CAS (CASENT 8113112); BOLD: CNC # HEM –402126.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Slightly larger than <i>P. olivacea</i> (female 4.5 mm); hind wing with fewer hooks on costal margin (5 in <i>olivacea</i>: 3 on triangular process, 1 at its base and another much distad of the others); pectens of hind tarsus with fewer black-tipped spines (those of basitarsomere in <i>olivacea</i> with 9 such spines, of 2nd tarsomere with 8 spines covered with long setae).</p>Published as part of <i>Andrew Hamilton, K. G., 2014, The old-world Zygonini tr. nov. (Hemiptera, Cercopoidea, Clastopteridae), with new taxa from the related Machaerotinae, pp. 437-459 in Zootaxa 3768 (4)</i> on page 450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/227822">http://zenodo.org/record/227822</a>
Taphrotylus Hamilton, 2015, gen.nov.
No full textTaphrotylus gen.nov. Etymology. taphros- (adjective) ditched; tylos (m), knob. Type-species: Taphrotylus insignificans sp. nov., the only included species. Distribution. Madagascar. Diagnosis. Dorsoventrally compressed, pronotum weakly declivous in front, crown sloping abruptly to deep groove separating it from convex tylus (Fig. 19 A); crown distinctly pointed but a third length of pronotum, tylus exceeding antennal ledges by half its length, width of tylus twice distance between ocelli, posterior border arcuate, more strongly curved than adjacent hind margin of head; antennal ledge high (Fig. 19 B), armed with 3 preantennal bristles in vertical row before antennal pit (Fig. 19 C); antennal postpedicel with tongue-shaped basiconic sensillum well below flattened base of arista (Fig. 19 C), surrounded by 10 or more septate pits, 2 of which bear reduced coeloconic sensilla, the latter lying close to a deep, circular pit containing 4 coeloconic sensilla (Fig. 19 D); rostrum extending to hind coxae. Lateral margin of pronotum as long as eye, less than half as long (0.45 ×) as interocular distance; width of pronotum 0.7 × as great as head. Pronotum and tegmina sparsely punctate; tegmina with veins obscure, a broad but low bulla across base of central anteapical cell, a tiny black bulla just beyond tip of clavus; pecten of 2 nd tarsomere of hind leg with 7–8 black-tipped spines. Hind wing with 3 fine hooks on costal margin. Fore femora 3 × as long as wide; hind tibia slender, 4 × as long as wide, bearing 2 distinct lateral spines; pectens of hind tibia with 7–8 black-tipped spines; those of basitarsomere with 5 black-tipped spines, of 2 nd tarsomere with 6 spines. Remarks. The short head resembles that of Sepullia but the tylus bounded by a distinct groove across the crown is unique. The well-developed coeloconic sensilla lying in a deep pit just behind the tongue-shaped basiconic sensillum resemble both sensilla types of Beesoniella (Fig. 21 D), a genus with entirely different habitus (Fig. 6 C). Although the male genitalia are unknown, and the overall appearance is that of a small Pseudomachaerota, the balance of head characters shows a clear relationship to Sepullia. Taphrotylus insignificans sp. nov. Etymology. significans (adjective) marked, important. Diagnosis. Yellow ochre with extensive patch on lower half of frons and faint brown spots across fore margin of pronotum embrowned; fore and middle femora and tibiae with brown longitudinal stripe and a paler, indefinite area below this dotted with brown setal bases; basal two-thirds of hind femur, inner surface of hind tibia and tarsal claws brown; lateral spines of hind tibia black. Ovipositor 2 nd valvulae 0.75 mm long, wedge-shaped, tapered throughout length to pointed tip, with a single tooth on dorsal margin at one-third length from tip (Fig. 11 A). Male unknown. Length: 4.0 mm. Type. ♀, MADAGASCAR: Toliara Prov., Fôret Classée d’Analevelona, 29.2 km 343 o NNW Mahaboboka, 22 o 40 ' 30 "S 44 o 11 ' 24 "E, 1100 m el., 18–22 Feb. 2003 (Fisher, Griswold et al.) Malaise trap, in montane rainforest BLF 7818. Holotype in California Academy of Sciences (CASENT 3008099). Remarks. Although this was a recently collected specimen, it failed to barcode. The condition of the specimen, with head displaced on the thorax, suggests that it may have begun to rot while in the trap.Published as part of Andrew Hamilton, K. G., 2015, A new tribe and species of Clastopterinae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Clastopteridae) from Africa, Asia and North America, pp. 151-189 in Zootaxa 3946 (2) on page 173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23316
The relative influence of place and direction in the Morris water task
No full textThe present study evaluated the generality of directional responding (Hamilton, Akers, Weisend, & Sutherland, 2007) in the Morris water task and attempted to identify methods that would yield a preference for navigation to the precise spatial location of an escape platform in the room. Four experiments evaluated the effects of training with the pool in a fixed location by repositioning the pool for a no-platform probe trial such that the absolute spatial location of the platform and the relative location of the platform within the pool (to which a directional response would occur) were in opposite quadrants. Two experiments attempted to explicitly train navigation to an absolute location in the room by repositioning the pool
during training while keeping the platform at the same location in the room. A preference for directional responding over navigation to the precise location of the platform was observed across a wide range of conditions including when rats were given extensive training (240 trials; Experiment 1), only given
platform placement experience in the absence of active swim training (Experiment 2), trained to navigate to multiple platform locations in a moving platform variant of the task (Experiment 3), and when animals were trained to navigate to a particular location regardless of the position of the apparatus in the room
(Experiments 4 - 5). A preference for navigation to the absolute spatial location of the platform was observed only when the salience of the pool was reduced by filling it to the top with water (Experiment 6)
Maximum Principle for Boundary Control Problems Arising in Optimal Investment with Vintage Capital
No full textThe paper concerns the study of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle for an infinite dimensional and infinite horizon boundary control problem for linear partial differential equations. The optimal control model has already been studied both in finite and infinite horizon with Dynamic Programming methods in a series of papers by the same author et al. [26, 27, 28, 29, 30]. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for open loop controls are established. Moreover the co-state variable is shown to coincide with the spatial gradient of the value function evaluated along the trajectory of the system, creating a parallel between Maximum Principle and Dynamic Programming. The abstract model applies, as recalled in one of the first sections, to optimal investment with vintage capital.Linear convex control, Boundary control, Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations, Optimal investment problems, Vintage capital
The Timeliness of Hamilton: An American Musical
No full textIn 2015, Hamilton: An American Musical was a sweeping success on Broadway—the first rap and hip-hop display of its kind. In 2019, the show\u27s relevance remains strong. When a revolutionary (pun intended) production like Hamilton sweeps the nation, the question raised is: Why? What makes Hamilton so special? The author suggests that the reason Hamilton has been received with overwhelming positivity by everyone from Barack Obama, to Dick Cheney, to Weird Al Yankovic (Hayes & Gale 42-43) is its perfectly placed rhetorical situation. It is difficult to say whether, in another time and place, this Broadway smash hit, with its “mostly black cast [that] ‘turns the tables on the practice of using white actors to portray ethnic characters,’” would have succeeded—or if it could have been created at all (Yankovic qtd. in Hayes & Gale 42). The exigence of Hamilton created the kairos of the production. Put simply, America was ready for Hamilton
Cycling on the Verge? Exploring the Place of Utility Cycling in Contemporary New Zealand Transport Policy
No full textEfforts to increase cycling as a mode of transport (utility cycling) occur at central, regional and local levels of government through a range of supportive strategies, research, and guidelines. Despite these efforts, utility cycling levels in New Zealand have remained persistently low. This thesis examines the apparent disparity between policy intent and policy result, using a discourse analytical approach. It examines how cycling is positioned in contemporary New Zealand transport policy documents, and explores whose priorities are shaping transport policy with what implications for utility cycling.
This study uses a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach to analyse the land transport documents from across the institutions of government. The CDA approach, grounded in the work of van Dijk and Fairclough, draws on ideas from the interpretive tradition of discourse analysis, inspired by Foucault’s concepts of knowledge and power. This approach reveals the position of utility cycling by exposing the framing, dominant discourses, and discursive strategies that privilege certain transport objectives and activities over others.
The findings show transport is promoted almost exclusively by central government as an activity to facilitate economic growth and efficiency, despite its potential (and actual) impacts on health and well-being, social justice, and environmental sustainability. The discursive practices of the government privilege private motor vehicle use, helping to both legitimate and maintain that privilege at all levels of government, while positioning utility cycling as a marginalised mode of transport.
This thesis contributes to scholarship on utility cycling and land transport policy in New Zealand by identifying how the discursive strategies of government control the position of utility cycling in New Zealand. This study underscores the need for a central government-led, long-term strategic vision for a genuinely integrated, multi-modal transport system, in order for the benefits of utility cycling to be fully maximised
Branching fraction and CP asymmetry of the decays B+→K0Sπ+ and B+→K0SK+
No full textAn analysis of B+ → K0
Sπ+ and B+ → K0
S K+ decays is performed with the LHCb experiment. The pp
collision data used correspond to integrated luminosities of 1 fb−1 and 2 fb−1 collected at centre-ofmass
energies of
√
s = 7 TeV and
√
s = 8 TeV, respectively. The ratio of branching fractions and the
direct CP asymmetries are measured to be B(B+ → K0
S K+
)/B(B+ → K0
Sπ+
) = 0.064 ± 0.009 (stat.) ±
0.004 (syst.), ACP(B+ → K0
Sπ+
) = −0.022 ± 0.025 (stat.) ± 0.010 (syst.) and ACP(B+ → K0
S K+
) =
−0.21 ± 0.14 (stat.) ± 0.01 (syst.). The data sample taken at
√
s = 7 TeV is used to search for
B+
c
→ K0
S K+ decays and results in the upper limit ( fc · B(B+
c
→ K0
S K+
))/( fu · B(B+ → K0
Sπ+
)) <
5.8 × 10−2 at 90% confidence level, where fc and fu denote the hadronisation fractions of a ¯b
quark
into a B+
c or a B+ meson, respectively
Talking with Their Mouths Half Full: food insecurity in the Hamilton community
No full textWhile the sociology of food has attended to what symbolisms of presence can tell us about society, the same attention has not been attributed to symbolisms of absence. Within the context of affluent post-industrial societies, food insecurity means that people are “at times, uncertain of having, or unable to acquire, enough food for all household members because they had insufficient money and other resources for food” (Nord et al. 2009, p. 2). This project is a comprehensive study of responses to, and experiences of, food insecurity in Hamilton City. The issue of food insecurity has been difficult to politicise in New Zealand. One of the reasons for this is that the demand for food aid is usually reported by individual organisations, rather than across the entire food support sector. The first phase of this research was a multi-provider survey that documented the demand for formal food support in Hamilton over a one year period in 2006/2007. The findings show that during this time the community absorbed $1,157,623 worth of state funded Special Needs Grants for Food, while philanthropically funded third sector organisations provided 4,232 food parcels and 25,557 community meals. The survey findings demonstrate that the socio-political environment in which formal food support takes place is characterised by the unwillingness of the state to fully realise its role in affirming the right of citizens to be free from hunger. At the same time, there is evidence of a corresponding willingness to delegate provision of food aid to charity based third sector organisations that receive no state funding. The second phase of the study was a qualitative exploration of the experiences of ten community members who were confirmed as food insecure using the ‘Standard 6-item Indicator to Classifying Households by Food Security Status’ (Bickel et al., 2000). The data showed that, as far as they were able, respondents exercised a range of endogenous strategies (the means that individuals and households applied in the private domain to manage food insecurity and hunger), but ultimately, the utility of these diminished. In this event, respondents pursued either informal exogenous strategies (through social networks), or, particularly where there were limitations on social capital, formal exogenous strategies in the form of service use. This study points to food insecurity as an experience that is shrouded with secrecy, shame and fear of stigma. Further, the experience carries with it a range of social implications in the form of exclusion, marginalisation and disempowerment, all of which have seldom been recognised elsewhere in the literature. In acknowledging the complex and non-linear nature of food insecurity at macro, meso and micro levels, Rittel and Webber’s (1973) criteria for ‘wicked problems’ is utilised as a theoretical framework for synthesising the findings. The thesis advocates for a collaborative approach to re-solving the persistence of food insecurity in which the range of stakeholders involved is broadened to include those who ‘talk with their mouths half full’
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