114 research outputs found
“The Goal is Human Rights as Women’s Rights”
No full textFrauen, die im Schatten der großen Männern standen, werden als eigenständige Persönlichkeiten im Buch von Gisela Notz reflektiert. Sie, die schon immer Geschichte machten, blieben allzu lange im Hintergrund. Die Historikerin und Sozialwissenschaftlerin Gisela Notz holt sie ans Licht und erteilt ihnen das Wort. Es ist ihr dabei gelungen, mit konkreten biographischen Geschichten der 26 Frauen ein wichtiges Basiswerk zu schaffen. Die Autorin setzt sich mit den Brüchen des Werdeganges dieser Frauen auseinander und berührt die Schwachstellen der sozialdemokratischen Frauenpolitik. Ein Buch, dass nicht nur jungen Frauen als eine gute Tischlektüre empfohlen werden kann, sondern auch erfahrenere Frauen mit den entscheidenden gesellschaftlichen Umständen bekannt macht und sie durch die persönlichen Begegnungen mit diesen Politikerinnen bereichert.Women who stood in the shadow of great men are reflected upon as independent personalities in this book by Gisela Notz. They, who had always made history, remained in the background for too long. The historian and social scientist Gisela Notz brings them to light and provides the opportunity for them to speak. She has hereby succeeded in creating an important foundational work with concrete biographical stories of 26 women. The author deals with the breaches in their biographies and touches upon the weaknesses of Social Democratic women’s politics. This book can not only be recommended to younger women, but can also familiarize experienced women with the decisive societal circumstances and enrich them with the personal acquaintances made with these female politicians
Secondary Qualitative Analysis of Interviews. A Method Used for Gaining Insight Into the Work/Life Balance of Middle Managers in Germany
No full textThis paper outlines a secondary analysis of interviews from an application-oriented perspective. We conducted secondary analysis in a project focusing on "work/life balance of managers". The original data came from a study that investigated "interest orientations of middle managers", in which the author was directly involved in. This paper describes the methodological steps as well as the benefits and limitations that were faced by the application of this approach.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs050134
How well must climate models agree with observations?
No full textThe usefulness of a climate-model simulation cannot be inferred solely from its degree of agreement with observations. Instead, one has to consider additional factors such as internal variability, the tuning of the model, observational uncertainty, the temporal change in dominant processes or the uncertainty in the forcing. In any model-evaluation study, the impact of these limiting factors on the suitability of specific metrics must hence be examined. This can only meaningfully be done relative to a given purpose for using amodel. I here generally discuss these points and substantiate their impact on model evaluation using the example of sea ice. For this example, I find that many standard metrics such as sea-ice area or volume only permit limited inferences about the shortcomings of individual models. © 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved
Análisis cualitativo secundario de entrevistas. Un método utilizado para llegar a comprender el equilibrio entre trabajo y vida de mandos intermedios en Alemania
No full textIn dem Artikel wird die Durchführung einer Sekundäranalyse von Interviews aus einer anwendungsbezogenen Perspektive beschrieben. Die Originaldaten stammen aus einer Untersuchung über die "Interessenorientierungen von mittleren Führungskräften", an der die Autorin beteiligt war. Von diesen Interviews konnte in der folgenden Studie über die "Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie bei Führungskräften" erneut profitiert werden. In dem Text werden neben den konkreten Durchführungsschritten auch die Beiträge und Grenzen der Sekundäranalyse hinsichtlich des Forschungsprojekts thematisiert.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0501347This paper outlines a secondary analysis of interviews from an application-oriented perspective. We conducted secondary analysis in a project focusing on "work/life balance of managers". The original data came from a study that investigated "interest orientations of middle managers", in which the author was directly involved in. This paper describes the methodological steps as well as the benefits and limitations that were faced by the application of this approach.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0501347Este artículo perfila un análisis secundario de entrevistas desde una perspectiva aplicada a la aplicación. Desarrollamos el análisis secundario en un proyecto enfocado en el !equilibrio entre trabajo y vida de directivos". Los datos originales proceden de un estudio en el que se investigaron las "orientaciones del interés de los mandos intermedios" en el cual estuvo directamente implicado el autor. Este artículo describe los pasos metodológicos así como las ventajas y las limitaciones que aparecieron al aplicar este planteamiento.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs050134
Sekundäranalyse von Interviews am Beispiel einer Untersuchung über das Spannungsfeld von Beruf und Familie bei Managern
No full textIn dem Artikel wird die Durchführung einer Sekundäranalyse von Interviews aus einer anwendungsbezogenen Perspektive beschrieben. Die Originaldaten stammen aus einer Untersuchung über die "Interessenorientierungen von mittleren Führungskräften", an der die Autorin beteiligt war. Von diesen Interviews konnte in der folgenden Studie über die "Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie bei Führungskräften" erneut profitiert werden. In dem Text werden neben den konkreten Durchführungsschritten auch die Beiträge und Grenzen der Sekundäranalyse hinsichtlich des Forschungsprojekts thematisiert.This paper outlines a secondary analysis of interviews from an application-oriented perspective. We conducted secondary analysis in a project focusing on "work/life balance of managers". The original data came from a study that investigated "interest orientations of middle managers", in which the author was directly involved in. This paper describes the methodological steps as well as the benefits and limitations that were faced by the application of this approach.Este artículo perfila un análisis secundario de entrevistas desde una perspectiva aplicada a la aplicación. Desarrollamos el análisis secundario en un proyecto enfocado en el !equilibrio entre trabajo y vida de directivos". Los datos originales proceden de un estudio en el que se investigaron las "orientaciones del interés de los mandos intermedios" en el cual estuvo directamente implicado el autor. Este artículo describe los pasos metodológicos así como las ventajas y las limitaciones que aparecieron al aplicar este planteamiento
Improving model-satellite comparisons of sea ice melt onset with a satellite simulator
No full textSeasonal transitions in Arctic sea ice, such as the melt onset, have been found to be useful metrics for evaluating sea ice in climate models against observations. However, comparisons of melt onset dates between climate models and satellite observations are indirect. Satellite data products of melt onset rely on observed brightness temperatures, while climate models do not currently simulate brightness temperatures, and must therefore define melt onset with other modeled variables. Here we adapt a passive microwave sea ice satellite simulator, the Arctic Ocean Observation Operator (ARC3O), to produce simulated brightness temperatures that can be used to diagnose the timing of the earliest snowmelt in climate models, as we show here using Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) ocean-ice hindcasts. By producing simulated brightness temperatures and earliest snowmelt estimation dates using CESM2 and ARC3O, we facilitate new and previously impossible comparisons between the model and satellite observations by removing the uncertainty that arises due to definition differences. Direct comparisons between the model and satellite data allow us to identify an early bias across large areas of the Arctic at the beginning of the CESM2 ocean-ice hindcast melt season, as well as improve our understanding of the physical processes underlying seasonal changes in brightness temperatures. In particular, the ARC3O allows us to show that satellite algorithm-based melt onset dates likely occur after significant snowmelt has already taken place. © 2022 Author
Trends in sea-ice variability on the way to an ice-free Arctic
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record. The final author version was published under the title: Statistical indicators of Arctic sea-ice stability-prospects and limitations and is available in ORE via https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/handle/10871/23493It has been widely debated whether Arctic sea-ice loss can reach a tipping point beyond which a large sea-ice area disappears abruptly. The theory of dynamical systems predicts a slowing down when a system destabilises towards a tipping point. In simple stochastic systems this can result in increasing variance and autocorrelation, potentially yielding an early warning of an abrupt change. Here we aim to establish whether the loss of Arctic sea ice would follow these conceptual predictions, and which trends in sea ice variability can be expected from pre-industrial conditions toward an Arctic that is ice-free during the whole year. To this end, we apply a model hierarchy consisting of two box models and one comprehensive Earth system model. We find a consistent and robust decrease of the ice volume's annual relaxation time before summer ice is lost because thinner ice can adjust more quickly to perturbations. Thereafter, the relaxation time increases, mainly because the system becomes dominated by the ocean water's large heat capacity when the ice-free season becomes longer. Both trends carry over to the autocorrelation of sea ice thickness in time series. These changes are robust to the nature and origin of climate variability in the models and hardly depend on the balance of feedbacks. Therefore, characteristic trends can be expected in the future. As these trends are not specific to the existence of abrupt ice loss, the prospects for early warnings seem very limited. This result also has implications for statistical indicators in other systems whose effective mass changes over time, affecting the trend of their relaxation time. However, the robust relation between state and variability would allow an estimate of sea-ice variability from only short observations. This could help one to estimate the likelihood and persistence of extreme events in the future.This work was carried out under the programme of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW). We also acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. We thank Vasilis Dakos for helping to apply his early warnings R package and Chao Li for making available the MPI-ESM model output. S. B. gratefully acknowledges Arie Staal for his fruitful and revealing approaches to savour scientific achievements. We are also indebted to Till Wagner and Ian Eisenman for their valuable comments and their very amiable and cooperative spirit
Maximin Designs for Computer Experiments.
No full textDecision processes are nowadays often facilitated by simulation tools. In the field of engineering, for example, such tools are used to simulate the behavior of products and processes. Simulation runs, however, are often very time-consuming, and, hence, the number of simulation runs allowed is limited in practice. The problem then is to determine which simulation runs to perform such that the maximal amount of information about the product or process is obtained. This problem is addressed in the first part of the thesis. It is proposed to use so-called maximin Latin hypercube designs and many new results for this class of designs are obtained. In the second part, the case of multiple interrelated simulation tools is considered and a framework to deal with such tools is introduced. Important steps in this framework are the construction and the use of coordination methods and of nested designs in order to control the dependencies present between the various simulation tools
Measurement of high-Q (2) charged current deep inelastic scattering cross sections with a longitudinally polarised positron beam at HERA
No full textMeasurements of the cross sections for charged current deep inelastic scattering in e+p collisions with a longitudinally polarised positron beam are presented. The measurements are based on a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 132 pb-1 collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA at a centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV. The total cross section is presented at positive and negative values of the longitudinal polarisation of the positron beams. The single-differential cross-sections dσ/dQ2, dσ/dx and dσ/dy are presented for Q2>200 GeV2. The reduced cross-section σ̃ is presented in the kinematic range 200<Q2<60000 GeV2 and 0.006<x<0.562. The measurements agree well with the predictions of the Standard Model. The results are used to determine a lower limit on the mass of a hypothetical right-handed W boson. © 2010 The Author(s)
Combined inclusive diffractive cross sections measured with forward proton spectrometers in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA
No full textA combination of the inclusive diffractive cross section measurements made by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations at HERA is presented. The analysis uses samples of diffractive deep inelastic ep scattering data at a centre-of-mass energy √s= 318 Gev where leading protons are detected by dedicated spectrometers. Correlations of systematic uncertainties are taken into account, resulting in an improved precision of the cross section measurement which reaches 6 % for the most precise points. The combined data cover the range 2.5 < Q 2 < 200 GeV 2 in photon virtuality, 0.00035 < xP < 0.09 in proton fractional momentum loss, 0.09 <{pipe}t{pipe}< 0.55 GeV 2 in squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex and 0.0018 < β <0.816 in β=x/xP, where x is the Bjorken scaling variable. © 2012 The Author(s).0H1 and ZEUS CollaborationsSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
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