7,374 research outputs found
Cascade control strategy for external carbon dosage in predenitrifying process
No full textWe propose a cascade control strategy composed of two Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers to regulate the nitrate concentration in the predenitrifying process by manipulating the external carbon dosage. It controls the nitrate concentrations in the effluent as well as in the final anoxic reactor simultaneously to strictly satisfy the quality of the effluent as well as to remove the effects of disturbances more quickly. The design of two PI controllers in the cascade control loop can be completed with the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) tuning rule together with a simple relay feedback identification method. Results from the Benchmark simulation confirm that both good set point tracking and satisfactory disturbance rejection can be guaranteed due to the structural advantages of the proposed cascade control strategy. Also, compared with a previous work, the fluctuation of the nitrate concentration in the effluent has been decreased significantly.X1123sciescopu
The matrix reasoning item bank (MaRs-IB): novel, open-access abstract reasoning items for adolescents and adults
No full textExisting non-verbal ability tests are typically protected by copyright, preventing them from being freely adapted or computerized. Working towards an open science framework, we provide 80 novel, open-access abstract reasoning items, an online implementation and item-level data from 659 participants aged between 11 and 33 years: the matrix reasoning item bank (MaRs-IB). Each MaRs-IB item consists of an incomplete matrix containing abstract shapes. Participants complete the matrices by identifying relationships between the shapes. Our data demonstrate age differences in non-verbal reasoning accuracy, which increased during adolescence and stabilized in early adulthood. There was a slight linear increase in response times with age, resulting in a peak in efficiency (i.e. a measure combining speed and accuracy) in late adolescence. Overall, the data suggest that the MaRs-IB is sensitive to developmental differences in reasoning accuracy. Further psychometric validation is recommended
Evaluation of three automated systems for susceptibility testing of enterobacteria containing qnrB, qnrS, and/or aac(6′)-Ib-cr
No full textThe accuracy of the MicroScan WalkAway, BD Phoenix, and Vitek-2 systems for susceptibility testing of quinolones and aminoglycosides against 68 enterobacteria containing qnrB, qnrS, and/or aac(6′)-Ib-cr was evaluated using reference microdilution. Overall, one very major error (0.09%), 6 major errors (0.52%), and 45 minor errors (3.89%) were noted.Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo y FEDER PI050690Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases REIPI RD06/0008Junta de Andalucía P07-CTS-02908 PI-0282-201
PH CONTROL USING AN IDENTIFICATION REACTOR
No full textpH control plays an important role in chemical processes. However, pH control has been recognized as a very difficult control problem because of its nonlinearities and time-varying characteristics. A new pH control strategy using an identification reactor is proposed to incorporate both the nonlinearities and time-varying characteristics of the pH process. In this study, an equivalent titration curve between the pH value and the scaled total ion concentration of the titrating stream is obtained from the identification reactor, and the pH value is controlled in the main reactor using the obtained equivalent titration curve. A simple stability analysis is used to determine the tuning parameters of the PI controller, Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can handle both the nonlinearities and time-varying characteristics.X1113sciescopu
Adaptive control for pH systems
No full textIn this study, an adaptive pH controller is proposed to control the pH process efficiently. Dissociation constant and total ion concentration of a fictitious weak acid are estimated to approximate the equilibrium characteristic of the pH process by the on-line recursive least-squares method and the pH value is controlled by a nonlinear proportional-integral (PI) controller using the estimated process parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy promises to handle both the nonlinearities and time-varying characteristics of the pH process. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.X119sciescopu
Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinases in mast cell activation
No full textMast cells are primary effector cells in allergy and chronic inflammation. Class IB (PI3Kγ)
and class IA (PI3Kδ) PI3K have been shown to play major roles in mast cell activation:
antigen/IgE stimulation triggers autocrine/paracrine activation of mast cells through G
protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and PI3Kγ, e.g. by adenosine through the A3 adenosine
receptor. PI3Kδ acts downstream of c-kit to promote mast cell growth and differentiation.
Presently, data concerning the relative importance of PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ are controversial.
Here we investigate the role of PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ during mast cell activation and allergic
responses. From blood to tissues, we demonstrate that PI3Kγ is a major player in mast cell
adhesion to endothelia involving α4β1 integrin whereas adhesion to fibronectin is mediated
by α5β1 integrin. VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 upregulation and mast cell-derived TNF-α-
mediated activation of endothelia also require functional PI3Kγ. Genetic and pharmacologic
approaches confirm the role of PI3Kδ in stem factor signaling (SCF) signaling. However,
IgE/antigen signaling and mast cell degranulation are driven by PI3Kγ. Finally, in vivo mast
cell recruitment as well as passive cutaneous anaphylaxis experiments are severely impaired
by absence or pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ. Altogether, modulation of PI3Kγ and
TNF-α affect mast cell function in crucial phases, rendering them appropriated targets for
allergic diseases
Functional Interactions Between Major Rice Blast Resistance Genes, <i>Pi-ta</i> and <i>Pi-b</i>, and Minor Blast Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci
No full text Major blast resistance (R) genes confer resistance in a gene-for-gene manner. However, little information is available on interactions between R genes. In this study, interactions between two rice blast R genes, Pi-ta and Pi-b, and other minor blast resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were investigated in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population comprising 243 RILs from a Cybonnet (CYBT) × Saber (SB) cross. CYBT has the R gene Pi-ta and SB has Pi-b. Ten differential isolates of four Magnaporthe oryzae races (IB-1, IB-17, IB-49, and IE-1K) were used to evaluate disease reactions of the 243 RILs under greenhouse conditions. Five resistance QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 2, 3, 8, 9, and 12 with a linkage map of 179 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Among them, qBR12 (Q1), was mapped at the Pi-ta locus and accounted for 45.41% of phenotypic variation while qBR2 (Q2) was located at the Pi-b locus and accounted for 24.81% of disease reactions. The additive-by-additive epistatic interaction between Q1 (Pi-ta) and Q2 (Pi-b) was detected; they can enhance the disease resistance by an additive 0.93 using the 0 to 9 standard phenotyping method. These results suggest that Pi-ta interacts synergistically with Pi-b. </jats:p
Methylotetracoccus oryzae Strain C50C1 Is a Novel Type Ib Gammaproteobacterial Methanotroph Adapted to Freshwater Environments
No full textMethane-oxidizing microorganisms perform an important role in reducing emissions of the greenhouse gas methane to the atmosphere. To date, known bacterial methanotrophs belong to the Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and NC10 phyla. Within the Proteobacteria phylum, they can be divided into type Ia, type Ib, and type II methanotrophs. Type Ia and type II are well represented by isolates. Contrastingly, the vast majority of type Ib methanotrophs have not been able to be cultivated so far. Here, we compared the distributions of type Ib lineages in different environments. Whereas the cultivated type Ib methanotrophs (Methylococcus and Methylocaldum) are found in landfill and upland soils, lineages that are not represented by isolates are mostly dominant in freshwater environments, such as paddy fields and lake sediments. Thus, we observed a clear niche differentiation within type Ib methanotrophs. Our subsequent isolation attempts resulted in obtaining a pure culture of a novel type Ib methanotroph, tentatively named “Methylotetracoccus oryzae” C50C1. Strain C50C1 was further characterized to be an obligate methanotroph, containing C_(16:1)ω9c as the major membrane phospholipid fatty acid, which has not been found in other methanotrophs. Genome analysis of strain C50C1 showed the presence of two pmoCAB operon copies and XoxF5-type methanol dehydrogenase in addition to MxaFI. The genome also contained genes involved in nitrogen and sulfur cycling, but it remains to be demonstrated if and how these help this type Ib methanotroph to adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions in freshwater ecosystems
Measurement of the direct emission and interference terms and search for CP violation in the decay
No full textWe report on the measurement of the direct emission (DE) and interference (INT) terms of the decay by the NA48/2 experiment at the CERN SPS. From the data collected during 2003 and 2004 about 600k such decay candidates have been selected. The relative amounts of DE and INT with respect to the internal bremsstrahlung (IB) contribution have been measured in the range $0 \pi\pm\pi^0 g decay by the NA48/2 experiment at the CERN SPS. From the data collected during 2003 and 2004 about 600k such decay candidates have been selected. The relative amounts of DE and INT with respect to the internal bremsstrahlung (IB) contribution have been measured in the range 0<T*\pi<80 MeV: Frac_{DE} (0<T*\pi<80 MeV) = (3.32\pm 0.15_{stat} \pm 0.14_{sys})x10^{-2} Frac_{INT} (0<T*\pi<80 MeV) = (- 2.35\pm 0.35_{stat} \pm 0.39_{sys})x10^{-2}, where T*pi is the kinetic energy of the charged pion in the kaon rest frame. This is the first observation of an interference term in T*\pi decays. In addition, a limit on the CP violating asymmetry in the K^+ and K^- branching ratios for this channel has been determined to be less than 1.5x10^{-3} at 90% confidence level
Perbedaan Nilai Optical Density (Od) Antibodi Antara Ayam Layer Yang Divaksin Infectious Bronchitis (Ib) Monovalen Inaktif Dengan Infectious Bronchitis Polivalen Inaktif (Ib-Nd-Ibd) Menggunakan Indirect Elisa
No full textInfectious bronchitis is a contangius and ute respiratory disease in chickens caused by Coronavirus. The aim of this study was detennine antibody Optical Density (OD) values difference of layer c icken vaccinated with IB monovalent inactive vaccine and IB polyvalent ina ive vaccine (IB-ND-IBO). The samples was classified into three group from 24 chicks overall. Group I (PI), eight chickens was vaccinated with IB monovalent' active (LV4UA). Group 2 (P2), eight chickens was vaccinated with IB polyv ent inactive (L V8UA) and group 3 (P3), eight chickens as a control given phys logical NaCl/chick. Blood sampling for antibody titer through OD values observations perfonned four times in all age groups for two week, four week, six week d eight week. Measurement of Optical Density values was used indirect ELISA. ala analysis used one way ANOV A. The result of this research showed that there is no difference antibody Optical Density values of vaccinated layer chickens •th IB monovalent inactive and IB polyvalent inactive (IB-ND-IBO)
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