307 research outputs found
Sultan Baharuddin Harahap: Kiprahnya dalam Pengembangan Pendidikan Islam di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan
Get PDFThe purposes of this research is to obtain the biography, contributions and progress of Sultan Baharuddin Harahap in South Tapanuli. The research method used is qualitative research with a character study approach. This writing was produced by collecting data obtained by reading references through articles, journals, books, then approaching the family, loyal bodyguards of Sultan Baharuddin Harahap, friends of Sultan Baharuddin Harahap's wife, and heads/managers of educational institutions left behind by the Sultan. Baharuddin Harahap. The results of the research show that Sultan Baharuddin Harahap is a famous king in South Tapanuli Regency who has the title "Daulat Raja Tuantua Patuan Nagaga Najungal". Apart from that, he also plays a role as a religious and traditional figure, preserving the local wisdom of Dalihan Natolu and local culture which had been in suspended animation, then contributed to establishing the Baharuddin Modern Islamic Boarding School in Janji Mauli, and RA Al-Muta'allimin Bagas Godang, Donor of Pani Asuhan, established a tareqat/parsulukan place located at Tolang Jae
A Facility Location-Allocation Model for Determining Number of Depot to Distribute Material in the Rattan Furniture Industry by Considering Dynamic Demand
Get PDFThis paper is a study of a facility location-allocation problem in the rattan furniture industry. There
are six production centers (PCs) of rattan furniture in Surakarta and its surroundings. However, their export
sales are decline due to some possible problems in raw rattan distribution network from the sources centers
(SCs), e.g. Borneo and Celebes Island to production centers. In the previous research, the model was expanded
to support local government decide to determine optimal number of depot by consider static demand. This
policy is aimed to cut the distribution channel and reduce total supply chain costs. Due to changing of global
market, the demand is fluctuate. The previous model cannot anticipate this situation; consequently the local
government needs a facility location-allocation model by considering dynamic demand. The objective of this
research is to develop a model for supporting the local government to decide optimal number of depot by
considers dynamic demand. A mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) was proposed to minimize total
supply chain costs. The proposed model assumed that the demand for multiple products is known in advance.
The potential raw rattan depot and source locations as well as their maximum capacities are also known.
Finally, the proposed model can be used as instrument decision making to determine facility location-allocation.
Keywords: dynamic demand, a facility location-allocation model, rattan industry competitiveness, total supply
chain costs
Riding with Abuelita
Get PDFAuthor: Charles Gorham | Editor: Sarahi Reyna | Designer: Paola Soto Romero | Illustrator: Eduardo De la Luz | Translator: Azizah AlqahtaniAfter failing to ride his bike, Eddie visits his grandma who encourages him to try again through stories of her life adventures
The history of the Library of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (SBRAS) 1877-1923
Get PDFTraces the history of Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Library which was founded along with the society in 1877. The Library contained a wealth of knowledge pertaining to Malaysia and its surrounding regions, consisting of Malay manuscripts, books, maps, pamphlets, photographs and journals. However, the Library met its tragic end in 1923 whereby its entire collection was transferred on permanent loan to the Raffles Library, Singapor
Kampanye Politik Kampanye Politik Pilkada Pasangan Calon Wali Kota Tangerang Selatan Siti Nur Azizah-Ruhamaben
No full textThe purpose of this research was specifically to determine the political campaign of the candidate pair for Mayor Election of South Tangerang (Tangsel), Siti Nur Azizah-Ruhamaben during the Covid-19 pandemic. The 2020 Mayor Election was like a war between dynasties, because of the candidates have a political power based on their families. The candidate of H. Muhamad and Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo have a connection with the Minister of Defense, Prabowo Subianto which was her uncle . While the other candidates, Siti Nur Azizah was the daughter of Vice President Ma\u27ruf Amin. Meanwhile the another one, Pilar Saga Ichsan, was the son of the Regent of Serang, Ratu Tatu which was the younger sister of the former Banten Governor, Ratu Atut Chosiyah. The author used a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The results of this research were the political campaign of Siti Nur Azizah-Ruhamaben in the 2020 Mayor Election still focuses on offline campaigns. Procurement of props or outdoor media and greeting residents directly (including blusukan). Azizah-Ruhamaben also intensifies campaigns virtually or digitally, such as through social media or other digital applications such as WhatsAap groups and also creates and intensively campaigns on webs and Blogspot, and conducts character friendships through zoom meetings. In addition, Azizah–Ruhamaben integrated the two campaigns, one of which was by carrying out a drive-in declaration. The drive-in declaration has become a new innovation related to campaigns during the pandemic.
Keywords: Campaign, Pilkada, Politi
PERJUANGAN PEREMPUAN PADA MASA PEMBERONTAKAN DI/TII DALAM NOVEL AZIZAH KARYA EMMAH AZRA
No full textThis study aims to describe the struggle of women during the DI / TII rebellion in the novel Azizah by Emmah Azra. This type of research is classified as library research. The research method used descriptive qualitative method. The research data were in the form of story texts relating to the structure of the novel and the struggle of women during the DI / TII rebellion in the novel of Azizah by EmmahAzra. The technique used in this study was the technique of reading and taking notes. The theory used to analyze the data in this study was Genetic Structuralism by Lucien Goldmann. Based on the results of this study it could be concluded that through the novel of Azizah by Emmah Azra, the author described the conditions and struggles of women. This novel described the lives of women during the DI / TII rebellion in South Sulawesi in the 1950s. The novel of Azizah by EmmahAzra also told about Kahar Muzakar\u27s resistance in fighting for the application of Islamic law. Emmah also described the impact of the war on the lives of women and society at that time. At that time, society, especially women, had to move places to avoid war and save them.
Keyword: Azizah\u27s novel, Women\u27s Struggle, Genetic Structuralism, and World Vie
Pengaruh Asuhan Kefarmasian terhadap Biaya dan Outcomes Klinis Terapi Pasien Hipertensi Primer Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cut Meutia Lhokseumawe
No full textHypertension (HTN) remains as a global health problem and contributes to 62% of cerebrovascular cases,49% of ischemic heart disease, and 49% of heart failure. In Indonesia, the prevalence of HTN tends to increase, resulting in increased cost of therapy and a serious economic burden. This problem needs effors to improve the quality of services provided, one of which is in the form of pharmaceutical care counseling. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of counseling on the outcomes of HTN therapy including reduction in blood pressure and improvement of quality of life as well as the cost-effectiveness of therapy. This study was a quasi experimental non-equivalent control group used a prospective approach and evaluation of each month during the period from May to November 2016 in Cut Meutia Lhokseumawe general hospital. The study sample consisted of 22 patients in each group. Analysis of the cost was conducted from the perspective of Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). The total direct medical costs for each group was calculated by multiplying the number of resources their to unit costs. The quality of life measured in quality adjusted life years (QALY) was calculated using the SF-36 questionnaire as an instrument. The cost effectiveness was analyzed by calculating the cost effectiveness ratio (CER), incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER), cost utility ratio (CUR), and the incremental cost utility ratio (ICUR). The results of this study showed that most of the patients with HTN (54.55%) were male with ages ranging from 35 - 64 years old (77.27%). HTN treatment with counseling could lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000). There were significant differences in decreased in systolic and diastolic blood pressures between the counseling and non counseling groups (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001) and increased quality of life (p = 0.039). CER for groups: without counseling, Rp 6,704,248; counseling, Rp 1,756,118. ICER was Rp 233,145. CUR for-groups. without counseling, Rp 2,188,208; counseling, Rp 2,181,595 CUR. ICUR was Rp 2,124,923. It could be concluded that hypertension treatment with counseling was more cost effective than those without counseling.163 HalamanTesis Magiste
Penilaian Pelaksanaan Penanganan Covid 19 di Puskesmas Kota Medan
No full textThe role of Primary Health Center (PHC) as an implementing unit is
important to prevent, detect and give response in the management and control of
COVID-19 pandemic. The PHC, which has been the spearhead of health services
to reach the community in its working area, has an increasingly important role in
overcoming COVID-19, Thus, it is necessary to strengthen and optimize the role
of PHC, including pharmaceutical services.
This research aimed to assess the implementation of handling COVID-19
in PHCs, Medan.
This prospective descriptive study was conducted to assess the
implementation of the COVID-19 handling in the PHCs through interview to the
head of PHCs, pharmacists and surveillance. Tingkat kepuasan pasien terhadap
pelayanan kefarmasian selama pandemi COVID-19, tingkat pengetahuan,
persepsi, dan komunikasi tentang COVID-19 diakses. Patient satisfaction with
pharmaceutical services during the COVID-19 pandemic, knowledge level, and
communication about COVID-19 were assessed. A validated questionnaire was
given to 617 patients admitted to 7 PHCs Medan. Patient satisfaction was assessed
using 4-poin likert scale categorized as very dissatisfied and dissatisfied, satisfied
and very satisfied. For the level of knowledge with 2 point true and false and for
the level of perception and communication with 4 points very disagree, disagree,
agree and very agree. Data were analyzed according to the unit category of policy
analysis in the form of narrative, patient satisfaction data and knowledge,
perception, and communication were analyzed using the Chi-Square test.
This study proved that implementation of handling COVID-19 in the
PHCs during pandemic was influenced by communication (information related to
pharmaceutical care procedures according standards based physical distancing)
resource (by forming a fast move team and available facilities), disposition (moral
support and incentives), and bureaucratic structures (SOP considering health
protocol). The level of patient satisfaction included into the satisfied category was
92.2%. For the level of patient knowledge included in the high category 97.8%.
For perception of the patient included in the category of strongly agree 71.3% and
for communication included in the category of strongly agree 64%.
Based on this study, it was concluded that the implementation of handling
COVID-19 at the PHSs was influenced by communication, resources (authority
and facilities), disposition and (SOP implementing health protocols). The level of
patient satisfaction included in satisfied category. The level of patient Knowledge
is included in the category of strongly agree and patient communication is
included in the category of strongly agree with information related to COVID-19.135 HalamanTesis Magiste
Desain dan Formula Hemiselulosa Tongkol Jagung Sebagai Carrier untuk Target Obat di Kolon: Metronidazol Sebagai Model Obat
No full textHemiselulosa adalah polimer yang dapat terbiodegradasi di dalam kolon oleh mikroba yang berasal dari filum fermicutes yang ada pada kolon manusia dan akan berpotensi sebagai sistem penghantaran obat yang ditargetkan di kolon. Polimer ini bersifat hidrofilik dan memiliki karakteristik pengembangan yang terbatas dalam pH asam.
Colon drug delivery system (CDDS) atau penghantaran obat melalui kolon merupakan alternatif yang saat ini dikembangkan dan sangat diinginkan terutama untuk pengobatan lokal dari berbagai penyakit kolon seperti ulcerative colitis, crohn’s disease, amebiosis, dan kanker kolon, serta sistem penghantaran protein dan obat peptida, namun sediaan berupa targeted kolon belum tersedia di pasaran. Pada sistem targeted kolon ini obat harus dapat dilindungi agar sampai ke kolon, dan absorbsi obat tidak terjadi di lambung maupun di usus halus. Salah satu strategi yang digunakan agar sediaan lepas di kolon yaitu dengan teknik enkapsulasi bahan obat dengan carier.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem penghantaran obat tertarget kolon, dengan mengunakan hemiselulosa tongkol jagung. Penelitian ini diawali dengan melakukan isolasi hemiselulosa dari tongkol jagung, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi hemiselulosa meliputi uji organoleptis, uji kelarutan hemiselulosa, analisis dengan FTIR (Fourier Transforrm Infrared), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) dan PSA (Particicle Size Analyzer). Hemiselulosa yang telah diperoleh digunakan untuk pembuatan cangkang kapsul yang terdiri dari kombinasi hemiselulosa dan natrium alginat hasil isolasi, selanjutnya kapsul diisi dengan mikropartikel metronidazol. Terhadap kapsul kombinasi hemiselululosa dan natrium alginat dilakukan uji in vitro dengan berbagai medium disolusi dan uji In vivo (bioekivalensi) metronidazol mikropartikel dan metronidazol konvensional menggunakan hewan kelinci jantan dengan metode cross over design dan data dianalisis dengan independen sampel t test (p = < 0,05).
Hasil penelitian diperoleh isolat hemiselulosa dari tongkol jagung sebesar 12,2% dan hasil isolat narium alginat dari ganggang coklat sebesar 19,98%. Formula cangkang kapsul yang baik adalah kombinasi hemiselulosa : alginat (3:1). Uji disolusi pada pH 8 formula IV yang menggunakan hemiselulosa 200 mg, melepaskan metronidazol sebesar 70,0 ± 0,46% tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan formula V yang menggunakan hemiselulosa 250 mg, melepaskan metronidazol sebesar 67,80 ± 0,45%. Hasil uji bioekivalen menunjukkan bahwa kedua sediaan tidak bioekivalen. Metronidazol mikropartikel memiliki nilai AUC sebesar 50,2521 ± 1,469 μg/ml/jam, Cmax sebesar 105,0701
± 5,976 μg/mL dan tmax sebesar 4,5875 ± 0,618 jam, sedangkan metronidazol konvensional memiliki nilai AUC 30,6727 ± 0,985 μg/ml/jam, Cmax sebesar 108,3532 ± 62,674 μg/mL dan tmax 3,2119 ± 1,244 jam. Korelasi antara uji in vitro pada pH 8 dengan uji in vivo memiliki harga koefisien korelasi (R2) sebesar 0,8875. Dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik anova dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara masing - masing kelompok formula dengan nilai AUC, p = 0.000 dan t maks memiliki signifikansi 0,003 (p < 0,05). Kapsul kombinasi hemiselulosa : alginat memberikan persentasi pelepasan paling besar di dalam medium kolon pH 8, yang berarti bahwa hemiselulosa tongkol jagung dapat digunakan sebagai carrier obat mikropartikel metronidazol dan dapat diserap dengan baik di dalam kolon.Hemicellulose is a biodegradable polymers in colon because microbes derivated from phylum fermicutes of human colon degrades them and thus it is potential in colon targeted drug delivery system. These polymers are hydrophilic in nature and have limited swelling characteristic in acidic pH.
Colon drug delivery system (CDDS) is an alternative drug delivery system currently being developed and needed especially for local treatment of various colonic diseases such as ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease, amoebiasis, and colon cancer, as well as protein delivery systems and peptide drugs. However, the targeted dosage form for the colon is not available yet in the market. In CDDS, the drug must be protected before reaching the colon, and it must not be released and absorbed whether in gastric or intestines. One method to overcome this problem is encapsulation of the drug using carrier.
The aim of this study was to develop targeted CDDS, using corn cobs hemisellulose. The study began with isolation of hemicellulose from corn cobs and continued with characterization of hemicelluloses which includes organoleptic test, hemicellulose solubility test, analysis by Fourier Transforrm Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Particicle Size Analyzer (PSA). The obtained hemicelluloses was used to prepare capsule shells combined with isolated natrium alginat. Next the capsule was filled microparticles of metronidazole. Microparticles and conventional of metronidazole capsule were tested by in vitro test with various dissolution media (pH 1.2; pH 7,5 dan pH 8) and in vivo test using male rabbit by cross over design method and the data were analyzed by independent t-test (p of < 0,05 is conventional significancy).
Results of this study showed that isolate hemicellulose from corn cobs was 12.2% and isolated natrium alginate from brown algae was 19.98%. The best formulation of capsule shell a combination hemicelluloses and alginate (3:1). Dissolution test in pH 8 formula IV, which used 200 mg hemicelluloses release
70.0 ± 0.46% of metronidazol which was not significantly different from formula V which used 250 mg hemicelluloses that could released 67.80 ± 0.45% of metronidazole. Results of bioavailability test showed the two dosage forms were not equivalent. Microparticles of metronidazole had AUC 50.2521 ± 1.469 μg/ml/hour, Cmax was 105.0701 ± 5.976 μg/mL and tmax was 4.5875 ± 0.618 hours ,whereas conventional metronidazole had an AUC of 30.6727 ± 0.985 μg/ml/hour, Cmax were 108.3532 ± 62.674 μg/mL and tmax 3.2119 ± 1.244 hours. Furthermore, the correlation between in vitro test at pH 8 and in vivo test had coefficient of correlation (R2) of 0.8875.
It can be concluded, based on the results of the ANOVA statistical analysis with 95% confidence level, that there was a significant difference in AUC between the two formula p = 0,000, as well as t max p = 0.003 (p < 0,05). Hemicellulose combination capsules: alginates provide the highest percentage of release in the colon medium pH 8, which means that the corn cobs hemicellulose can be developed for carier drug of microparticles metronidazole that are absorbed in the colon.258 HalamanDisertasi Dokto
Peningkatan Pendapatan Daera Dari Retribusi Sampah Menurut Peraturan Dera No. 8 Tahun 2002 ( Studi kasus Kelurahan Amplas Kecamatan Medan Amplas Kota Medan)
Get PDFPembahasan skripsi ini akan dilakukan sekitar pelaksanaan pengelolaan
sampah dari masyarakat sehingga dengan pengelolaan tersebut akan didapatkan timbal
balik bagi pengelola yaitu sebagai sumber pendapatan asli daerah berupa retribusi
dengan meninjaunya dari Peraturan Daerah Kota Medan No. 8 Tahun 2002 tentang
Retribusi Pelayanan Kebersihan dengan mengadakan penelitian pada Kelurahan Harjo
Sari II Kecamatan Medan Amplas Kota Medan.
Permasalahan yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana efektivitas
keberadaan Peraturan Daerah Kota Medan No. 8 Tahun 2002 tentang Retribusi
Pelayanan Kebersihan terhadap peningkatan PAD Kota Medan dan Apakah yang
menjadi bambatan dari Pemerintah Kota Medan dalam hal pengelolaan retribusi
sampah.
Untuk membahas pem1asalahan tersebut maka dilakukan penelitiLln secara
kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan di Kelurahan Harjo Sari II Kecamatan Medan
Amplas Kota Medan.
Berdasarkan basil penelitian dan pembahasan maka diketa.liui volume da.ri
keberadaan masyarakat serta bada.1-badan usaba cuk.-up besar di Kelurahan Harjo Sari
II ·aalam memberikan peningkatan konstribusinya terhadap retribusi sa..'llpah. Tetapi
keadaan tersebut kW'ang diperhatikan oleh pihak pemerintahan Kelurahan Harjo Sari
II sehingga angka berupa target pendapatan dari pengelolaan sampab di Kelurahan
Harjo Sari JI tidak dapat tercapai. Kurangnya sumber daya manusia yang illmiliki
Kelurahan Harjo Sari II memberikan akibat kurangnya pengelolaan sampah secara
baik sehingga efektivitas target pendapatan yang direncanakan tidak tercapai. Masih
banyaknya pengelolaan sampah secara tradisional pada beberapa wilayah sumber
sampah seperti pekan-pekan, pusat keramaian, hunian penduduk, dan lain sebagai
memberikan konstribusi terhadap peningkatan perkembangan penyakit seperti demam
berdarah. Sumber penerimaan Kelurahan Harjo Sari II dari sektor retibusi sampah
meskipun dalam jumlah yang terbatas tetap dapat memberikan konstribusi bagi
penyelenggaran pembangunan dan pemerintahan di wilayah tersebu
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