1,511 research outputs found
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION
No full textConception or design of the study: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS, Martins, AKL, Gomes EB. Data collection: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Writing of the article or critical review: Silva AC, Gomes EB. Final approval of the version to be published: Silva AC, Martins, AKL, Oliveira CJ, Alencar AMPG, Gomes EB
Supporting safe motherhood : a review of financial trends : summary
No full textAn estimated 500,000 women, 99 percent of them from the developing world, die each year from pregnancy-related causes. About three quarters of these deaths are the direct result of obstetrical complications -- hemorrhage, infection, toxemia, obstructed labor, and abortion (under primitive and illegal conditions). An estimated equivalent number of infants do not survive their mother's death. For surviving mothers, the consequences of pregnancy have a severe impact on health and family economics. The strategy for safe motherhood is based on two approaches. First, the encouragement of activities that indirectly improve maternal health. These include education, policies to improve women's rights and working conditions, health care and nutrition, transportation and communication systems, water and sanitation facilities, and increases in family income and food production. The second approach targets activities to reduce maternal deaths. These activities include reducing unwanted pregnancies through the provision of family planning services, and through national policies that recognize the importance of this issue. A second objective is to reduce the risks of pregnancy through providing community-based family planning and prenatal services to identify high-risk cases'adequate referral services for the complications of pregnancy, and communication and transport systems to support patient referral procedures.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Systems Development&Reform,Gender and Health,Early Child and Children's Health,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION
No full textConception or design of the study: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS, Martins, AKL, Gomes EB. Data collection: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Writing of the article or critical review: Silva AC, Gomes EB. Final approval of the version to be published: Silva AC, Martins, AKL, Oliveira CJ, Alencar AMPG, Gomes EB
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION
No full textConception or design of the study: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS, Martins, AKL, Gomes EB. Data collection: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Writing of the article or critical review: Silva AC, Gomes EB. Final approval of the version to be published: Silva AC, Martins, AKL, Oliveira CJ, Alencar AMPG, Gomes EB
EB-KG: Knowledge Graph of the first 8 eiditions Encyclopaedia Brittanica (1768-1860)
No full textThis Knowlege Graph represents the information of the first eight editions of Encyclopaedia Brittanica (years: 1768 to 1860) in RDF (ttl format).
The raw dataset is provided by the NLS in this link , and it comprises of eight editions and a total of 195 volumes with a total size of 44GB. It uses two XMLs schemas: METS for descriptive, structural, technical and administrative metadata (Title, Author, Publisher, etc); and ALTO for encoding the OCR text of a page.
In this work, we have extracted the information from METS and ALTO XMLS using defoe tool and developed novel information extraction heuristics. With the extracted information, we created the EB-KG Knowlege Graph, which uses the EB Ontolgy, to represent such information. Furthermore, during the information extraction phase, we have employed several techniques to mitigate two common OCR errors: long-S and the line-break hyphenation.
The EB-KG contains 1,638,239 RDF triples. It has information from 8 editions. Each edition can have several Volumes, references to Books, Supplements; it also has an Editor and a Publisher, which can be a Person or an Organization. A Volume has several Pages, which can contain several Terms. And a Term can be either a Topic (a term described across several pages, often combining text, pictures, and tables.) or an Article (a description of the term in one- or two-paragraph long text (similar to an entry in a dictionary)). The data model of the EB-KG can be found here.
The original ALTO files do not indicate the start and end of each EB term, the first part of our work involved the
automated extraction of all terms (along with their metadata) across editions, so they can be analysed independently without the surrounding text.This work was performed during my 2021-2022 National Library of Scotland Digital Scholarship Fellowship
Effect of build location on microstructural characteristics and corrosion behavior of EB-PBF built Alloy 718
No full textElectron beam-powder bed fusion (EB-PBF), a high-temperature additive manufacturing (AM) technique, shows great promise in the production of high-quality metallic parts in different applications such as the aerospace industry. To achieve a higher build efficiency, it is ideal to build multiple parts together with as low spacing as possible between the respective parts. In the EB-PBF technique, there are many unknown variations in microstructural characteristics and functional performance that could be induced as a result of the location of the parts on the build plate, gaps between the parts and part geometry, etc. In the present study, the variations in the microstructure and corrosion performance as a function of the parts location on the build plate in the EB-PBF process were investigated. The microstructural features were correlated with the thermal history of the samples built in different locations on the build plate, including exterior (the outermost), middle (between the outermost and innermost), and interior (the innermost) regions. The cubic coupons located in the exterior regions showed increased level (~ 20 %) of defects (mainly in the form of shrinkage pores) and lower level (~ 30-35 %) of Nb-rich phase fraction due to their higher cooling rates compared to the interior and middle samples. Electrochemical investigations showed that the location indirectly had a substantial influence on the corrosion behavior, verified by a significant increase in polarization resistance (Rp) from the exterior (2.1 ± 0.3 kΩ.cm2) to interior regions (39.2 ± 4.1 kΩ.cm2). © 2020, The Author(s)
Comparison of culture methodology for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in clinical specimens collected from dogs
No full textMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) has emerged as a major pathogen in dogs and has been implicated as a hospital-acquired pathogen in veterinary hospitals. We attempted to determine if selective culture methods will detect more MRSP when compared to the traditional culture methods in clinical samples from dogs in Atlantic Canada with a high risk for MRSP infection. Each sample was tested using 4 culture methods: traditional culture; mannitol salt agar with 2 μg/mL of oxacillin (MSAox); enrichment broth (EB) with MSAox; and EB with traditional culture. Detection of penicillin-binding protein 2', via latex agglutination, was used as a confirmatory test for oxacillin resistance. We analyzed 741 samples from 556 dogs between February 2013 and April 2014. The prevalence of MRSP in samples detected by any method was estimated at 13.4% (95% CI: 11.1-16.0%). When the prevalence of MRSP was determined according to culture method, EB with MSAox detected the highest prevalence (11.2% [9.1-13.7%]), followed by EB with traditional (10.8% [8.8-13.2%]), traditional (10.1% [8.1-12.5%]), and MSAox (8.9% [7.1-11.2%]). The prevalence using the traditional culture method did not differ significantly from any of the 3 selective culture methods. Culture with MSAox detected significantly fewer MRSP than either of the EB methods. The addition of EB to current methodology is recommended, particularly for patients considered at high risk for MRSP infection
Hazardless nanocomposite for gas barrier potential
No full textComposites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)
and Organically Modified Montmorillonite (OMMT) clays were made by melt compounding followed by
compression molding. Tensile testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM) were used to characterize the nanocomposites. The addition of clay, compatibilizer agent (Maleic
Anhydride Polyethylene (MAPE)) and the exposure under Electron Beam Irradiation (EB) considerably
improved the tensile properties of the composite system. Tensile Strength (MPa) and Tensile Modulus
(MPa) were found to increase significantly with increasing clay content and decreasing as the clay content
exceeds 4 wt% values. The largest improvement in composite mechanical properties occurred at clay
loading levels of 4% (2-8 wt %) with EB Irradiation system followed by MAPE and
unirradiated/untreated systems. Nearly 67% increase in tensile strength and 64% increase in tensile
modulus were observed with EB irradiated system. The d spacings of the clay in nanocomposite were
monitored using XRD and the extent of delamination was examined by TEM. The wide angle of XRD
patterns showed the increased d-spacing of clay layers, indicating enhanced compatibility between HDPE
and OMMT with the EB irradiated and addition of MAPE. TEM photomicrographs illustrated the
intercalated and partially exfoliated structures of the nanocomposite with OMMT and MAPE system
Measurement of the branching fraction
No full textThe B
0
s
→ J/ψK
0
S
branching fraction is measured in a data sample corresponding to 0.41 fb−1
of integrated luminosity collected with the LHCb detector at the LHC. This channel is sensitive to
the penguin contributions affecting the sin 2β measurement from B
0
→ J/ψK
0
S
. The time-integrated
branching fraction is measured to be B(B
0
s
→ J/ψK
0
S
) = (1.83±0.28)×10−5
. This is the most precise
measurement to date
EB bing du yang xing bi yan ai de zu zhi dan bai xiu shi te xing
No full textM.Phil.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive epithelial malignancy and is endemic in southern China and Southeast Asia. The major etiological factors for this disease are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, genetic and environmental factors. Studies have revealed the frequent DNA hypermethylation and mutations in histone modifier, implicating the contribution of epigenome modifications in NPC development. To explore the role of aberrant histone modification in tumorigenesis of NPC, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) with 3 histone marks H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3 were performed in NPC samples in this study. In addition to 2 immortalized normal nasopharyngeal cell lines NP69 and NP460, epigenetic profile of a panel of EBV-positive NPC cell lines C666-1, NPC43, C17, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) C15, C17, xeno-2117, xeno-32, xeno-23, xeno-76 was defined. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing on these samples were performed as well to investigate the gene expression profiles. Epigenomic landscapes of EBV episome were also defined in the EBV-positive NPC tumors. In addition, to elucidate the effect of EBV infection on histone modifications, ChIP-seq on EBV infected NP cells and EBV-negative NPC cells were performed. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that genes involved chromatin remodeling showed differential expression and histone marks pattern, supporting that chromatin modification is a critical epigenetic event altered by EBV.Rank Ordering of Super-enhancer (ROSE) algorithm were applied to define super-enhancers (SEs) in NPC, according to the abundance of H3K27ac signals and assigned to the nearest gene. SEs are large clusters of enhancers bind with high densities of transcriptional factors, and they are preferentially susceptible to transcription inhibition, such as inhibition of BRD4, a chromatin regulator from the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family. Treatment with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 resulted in inhibition of cell growth; and suppression of super-enhancer-associated oncogenes. Significant SE-associated genes in NPC included Bcl3 and RelB, which are members of the NF‐κB complex constitutively activated in NPC. Furthermore, biological features of two SE-associated oncogenic candidates highly expressed in NPC were investigated. Notably, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) gene with NPC specific SEs was demonstrated to be induced by EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and responsible for IFN-γ resistance in C666-1, suggesting its role in virus induced immune evasion. On the other hand, silencing of inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) with high transcription activity in most of the NPC cells inhibited cell growth and deregulation of signaling receptor activity.In summary, current study has defined the epigenetic landscape of a panel of well characterized EBV-associated NPC cell lines and PDXs. Integrated analysis with gene expression profile allowed identification of novel SE-associated NPC oncogenic drivers, and provided insights into the role of EBV in histone modification alterations and NPC tumorigenesis.鼻咽癌是一種多發於東南亞，特別是廣東沿岸地區的惡性腫瘤，其主要風險因素包括基因遺傳，EB (Epstein-Barr)病毒感染及環境因素。近年的研究揭示了頻繁DNA高甲基化和組織蛋白修飾因子的突變，顯示表觀遺傳於鼻咽癌發展中的重要性。為探討異常組織蛋白修飾在鼻咽癌病變中的作用，我們於此項研究採用了以三種組織蛋白修飾 H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3的染色質免疫沉澱-測序 (ChIP-seq)。我們對正常鼻咽細胞株 (NP69, NP460) 以及EB 病毒陽性的鼻咽癌細胞株 (C666-1, NPC43, C17) 和人源性腫瘤異種移植樣本 (C15, C17, xeno-2117, xeno-32, xeno-23, xeno-76) 進行了表觀遺傳觀檢視，同時亦以全轉錄體RNA 測序紀錄了細胞基因的表達圖譜。我們亦分析了在EB病毒陽性的鼻咽癌中的病毒因子副體表觀遺傳觀。除此之外，我們對受了EB病毒感染的正常鼻咽細胞及EB病毒陰性的鼻咽癌細胞進行染色質免疫沉澱測序，以闡明EB病毒感染對組蛋白修飾的影響。基因本體分析顯示受影響的基因富集於染色絲整修，進一步支持染色質修飾是EB病毒改變的關鍵表觀遺傳事件。我們亦採取了ROSE分析來定義超級強化子 (super-enhancer)，根據H3K27ac信號的豐度鑑定並分配到最近的基因。超級強化子有高密度的轉錄調控相關的蛋白，並優先易受轉錄抑制影響，例如bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) 家族的轉錄分子BRD4抑制。而我們的結果顯示BRD4抑製劑JQ1影響了癌細胞生長，而且超級增強子相關的關鍵癌基因的表達亦被下調。鼻咽癌中顯著的超級強化子包括兩個在鼻咽癌中組成型活躍的NF-κB的成員，Bcl3和RelB。此外，我們重點描繪了在鼻咽癌中高表達的兩個潛在和超級強化子相關的致癌基因的特徵。其中，SOCS1被證明會被EB病毒蛋白LMP1增加表達並負責C666-1中的IFN-γ抗性，顯示其在病毒誘導的免疫逃避機制中有一定作用。另外，我們證明了在大多數NPC細胞中具有高轉錄活性的ID2的基因敲落抑制了鼻咽癌細胞的生長，並使信號受體活性失調。綜上所述，我們於此研究為一組EB病毒陽性的鼻咽癌細胞系和人源性腫瘤異種移植樣本建立了表觀遺傳觀。綜合基因表達圖譜的分析允許了鑑定新的超級強化子相關鼻咽癌致癌基因，有助於了解EB病毒在組蛋白修飾改變和鼻咽腫瘤病變中的作用。Lam, Ka Hei.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2019.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-110).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 4, May 2021).Lam, Ka Hei
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