8 research outputs found
Earthworm species in no-tillage agroecosystems and native Atlantic forests in Western Paraná, Brazil
No full textSantos, Alessandra, Gorte, Tatiane, Demetrio, Wilian C., Ferreira, Talita, Nadolny, Herlon, Cardoso, Guilherme B.X., Tonetti, Caroline, Ralisch, Ricardo, Nunes, Amanda P., Coqueiro, Ana Carolina P., Leandro, Hudson C.L., Wandscheer, Cassio A.R., Bortoluzzi, Jeankleber, Brown, George G., Bartz, Marie L.C. (2018): Earthworm species in no-tillage agroecosystems and native Atlantic forests in Western Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 517-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.4
FIGURE 1 in Earthworm species in no-tillage agroecosystems and native Atlantic forests in Western Paraná, Brazil
No full textFIGURE 1. Frequency (% of total individuals collected) of the native and exotic earthworm species found in no-tillage agroecosystems and native Atlantic forests in Western Paraná state, Brazil.Published as part of Santos, Alessandra, Gorte, Tatiane, Demetrio, Wilian C., Ferreira, Talita, Nadolny, Herlon, Cardoso, Guilherme B.X., Tonetti, Caroline, Ralisch, Ricardo, Nunes, Amanda P., Coqueiro, Ana Carolina P., Leandro, Hudson C.L., Wandscheer, Cassio A.R., Bortoluzzi, Jeankleber, Brown, George G. & Bartz, Marie L.C., 2018, Earthworm species in no-tillage agroecosystems and native Atlantic forests in Western Paraná, Brazil, pp. 517-534 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on page 529, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.40, http://zenodo.org/record/144701
Drought stress and tree size determine stem CO2 efflux in a tropical forest
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley for New Phytologist Trust via the DOI in this record.1. CO2 efflux from stems (CO2_stem) accounts for a substantial fraction of tropical forest gross primary productivity, but the climate sensitivity of this flux remains poorly understood.
2. We present a study of tropical forest CO2_stem from 215 trees across wet and dry seasons, at the world’s longest running tropical forest drought experiment site.
3. We show a 27% increase in wet season CO2_stem in the droughted forest relative to a control forest. This was driven by increasing CO2_stem in trees 10-40 cm diameter. Furthermore, we show that drought increases the proportion of maintenance to growth respiration in trees >20 cm diameter, including large increases in maintenance respiration in the largest droughted trees, >40 cm diameter. However, we found no clear taxonomic influence on CO2_stem and were unable to accurately predict how drought sensitivity altered ecosystem scale CO2_stem, due to substantial uncertainty introduced by contrasting methods previously employed to scale CO2_stem fluxes.
4. Our findings indicate that under future scenarios of elevated drought, increases in CO2_stem may augment carbon losses, weakening or potentially reversing the tropical forest carbon sink. However, due to substantial uncertainties in scaling CO2_stem fluxes, stand-scale future estimates of changes in stem CO2 emissions remain highly uncertain.This work is a product of a UK NERC independent fellowship grant NE/N014022/1 to LR, a UK NERC grant NE/J011002/1 to PM and MM, CNPQ grant 457914/2013-0/MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT/LBA/ESECAFLOR to ACLD, an ARC grant FT110100457 to PM. It was previously supported by NERC NER/A/S/2002/00487, NERC GR3/11706, EU FP5-Carbonsink and EU FP7-Amazalert to PM. LR would also like to acknowledge the support of Dr. Robert Clement, University of Edinburgh and Dr. Timothy Hill, University of Exeter, alongside the contribution of three anonymous reviewers
Estresse ocupacional: proteção jurídica à saúde do trabalhador brasileiro
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em DireitoA presente pesquisa refere-se ao problema do estresse ocupacional na saúde dos trabalhadores e sua proteção no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, com especial referência à Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988; das Convenções da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) que versam sobre Saúde e Segurança no trabalho, principalmente a Convenção no 155 e a Convenção no 161; da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT), em especial as normas contidas no capitulo V, que diz respeito a Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho e das Normas Regulamentadoras (NR) ditadas pelo Ministério do Trabalho. Expõe-se em primeiro lugar, as questões relativas aos antecedentes do estresse, agentes estressores e a relação estresse e trabalho. Num segundo momento, aborda-se os efeitos do estresse na saúde dos trabalhadores, e apresenta-se alguns dados relativos aos trabalhadores afetados pelo estresse ocupacional. Por último, faz-se referência ao princípio de proteção que norteia o direito do trabalho, analisando-se a posteriori as principais disposições de proteção à saúde do trabalhador contidas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Ao final, faz-se menção à possibilidade de proteção jurídica da saúde do trabalhador diante do problema do estresse ocupacional, apontando-se uma possível proposta. La presente investigación aborda el problema del estrés ocupacional y la protección de la salud de los trabajadores en el ordenamiento jurídico brasilero, con especial referencia a la Constitución de la República Federativa del Brasil de 1988, de las Convenciones de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), relativas a la Salud y la Seguridad en el Trabajo, principalmente la Convención no 155 y la Convención no 161; de la Consolidación de las Leyes del Trabajo (CLT), especialmente las normas contenidas en el capítulo V, referente a la Seguridad y Medicina del Trabajo y de las Normas Regulamentadoras dictadas por el Ministerio del Trabajo. En primer lugar, se expone cuestiones relativas a los antecedentes del estrés, agentes estresantes y la relación estrés y trabajo. Posteriormente, se aborda los efectos del estrés en la salud de los trabajadores y algunos datos que guardan relación a los trabajadores afectados por el estrés ocupacional. Por último se realiza una referencia al principio de protección que nortea el Derecho del Trabajo, analizándose posteriormente las principales disposiciones de protección a la salud de los trabajadores contendidas en el ordenamiento jurídico brasilero. Al final, se realiza un análisis sobre la posibilidad de la protección jurídica a la salud del trabajador frente al problema del estrés ocupacional, apuntándose una posible propuesta
Shock and stabilisation following long-term drought in tropical forest from 15 years of litterfall dynamics
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.1.Litterfall dynamics in tropical forests are a good indicator of overall tropical forest function, indicative of carbon invested in both photosynthesising tissues and reproductive organs such as flowers and fruits. These dynamics are sensitive to changes in climate, such as drought, but little is known about the long-term responses of tropical forest litterfall dynamics to extended drought stress.
2.We present a 15-year dataset of litterfall (leaf, flower and fruit, and twigs) from the world's only long-running drought experiment in tropical forest. This data set comprises one of the longest published litterfall time-series in natural forest, which allows the long-term effects of drought on forest reproduction and canopy investment to be explored.
3.Over the first four years of the experiment, the experimental soil moisture deficit created only a small decline in total litterfall and leaf fall (12% and 13% respectively), but a very strong initial decline in reproductive litterfall (flowers and fruits) of 54%. This loss of flowering and fruiting was accompanied by a de-coupling of all litterfall patterns from seasonal climate variables. However, following >10 years of the experimental drought, flower and fruiting re-stabilised at levels greater than in the control plot, despite high tree mortality in the drought plot. Litterfall relationships with atmospheric drivers were re-established alongside a strong new apparent trade-off between litterfall and tree growth.
4.Synthesis: we demonstrate that this tropical forest went through an initial shock response during the first four years of intense drought, where reproductive effort was arrested and seasonal litterfall patterns were lost. However, following >10 years of experimental drought this system appears to be re-stabilising at a new functional state where reproduction is substantially elevated on a per tree basis; and there is a new strong trade-off between investment in canopy production and wood production.This work is a product of UK NERC grant NE/J011002/1 to PM and MM, UK NERC independent fellowship grant NE/N014022/1 to LR, CNPQ grant 457914/2013-0/MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT/LBA/ESECAFLOR to ACLD, an ARC grant DP17010409to PM. It was previously supported by NERC NER/A/S/2002/00487, NERC GR3/11706, EU FP5-Carbonsink and EU FP7-Amazalert to PM and a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to Y
Foliar water uptake in Amazonian trees: Evidence and consequences
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordThe absorption of atmospheric water directly into leaves enables plants to alleviate the water stress caused by low soil moisture, hydraulic resistance in the xylem and the effect of gravity on the water column, while enabling plants to scavenge small inputs of water from leaf-wetting events. By increasing the availability of water, and supplying it from the top of the canopy (in a direction facilitated by gravity), foliar uptake (FU) may be a significant process in determining how forests interact with climate, and could alter our interpretation of current metrics for hydraulic stress and sensitivity. FU has not been reported for lowland tropical rainforests; we test whether FU occurs in six common Amazonian tree genera in lowland Amazônia, and make a first estimation of its contribution to canopy–atmosphere water exchange. We demonstrate that FU occurs in all six genera and that dew-derived water may therefore be used to “pay” for some morning transpiration in the dry season. Using meteorological and canopy wetness data, coupled with empirically derived estimates of leaf conductance to FU (kfu), we estimate that the contribution by FU to annual transpiration at this site has a median value of 8.2% (103 mm/year) and an interquartile range of 3.4%–15.3%, with the biggest sources of uncertainty being kfu and the proportion of time the canopy is wet. Our results indicate that FU is likely to be a common strategy and may have significant implications for the Amazon carbon budget. The process of foliar water uptake may also have a profound impact on the drought tolerance of individual Amazonian trees and tree species, and on the cycling of water and carbon, regionally and globally.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)Australian Research Council (ARC)CNPQEuropean Union FP7Royal SocietyCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES
The regional geopolitics of the strait of Gibraltar
No full textSecurity of passage of the Strait of Gibraltar is an imperative for the world community. To achieve this, there must be stability on the northern and southern shores of the Strait. Peace in the region is currently threatened by the "creeping jurisdiction" which both Spain and Morocco wish to exert over the waters of the Strait. Other factors which threaten stability are the historical rivalry which exists between Spain and the Islamic southern shore; the legacy of disputed sovereignty in the Crown Colony of Gibraltar and the Spanish Plazas in North Africa; the economic divide betwen the EC and Maghreb along the Strait axis; and the possible threat of militant Islam. Contentions also exist between Morocco and Algeria, eg the Western Saharan War. The re-establishment of a strong "power hierarchy" in the area must be supported by such international instruments as the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982). The Crown Colony and the Spanish Plazas must be decolonized once Spain is firmly integrated into the EC and NATO, and once Morocco has reached a level of economic and political development that is condusive to closer ties with Western institutions
Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil
No full textThe limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others
