7,314 research outputs found
Nutritional Interventions Targeting Gut Microbiota during Cancer Therapies
No full textThe gut microbiome is increasingly being recognized for its influence on intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders such as cancer. Today, diet is the most studied environmental modulator of gut microbiota, capable of altering or improving it in terms of richness and diversity. Recent evidence from several preclinical and clinical trials suggested that gut microbiota composition could modulate cancer therapies (toxicities, treatment responses) and vice versa. This review highlights the latest research on the bidirectional associations between gut microbiota and cancer. We also dissect the role of gut microbiota during cancer therapies in terms of toxicity and treatment response and, in turn, how cancer therapies could impact gut microbiota composition and functions. In this context, we summarize the state-of-the-art research regarding the role of various nutritional interventions—prebiotics, dietary strategies, and dietary restrictions—as cutting-edge possibilities to modulate gut microbiota during cancer therapies
Insights into the potential of the Atlantic cod gut microbiome as biomarker of oil contamination in the marine environment
No full textBackground: Microorganisms are widespread in all environments, including in and on animal bodies. The gut microbiome has an essential influence on fish health, and is affected by several persistent and harmful organic and inorganic contaminants. Considering the shifts in gut microbiota composition observed in those studies, we hypothesized that certain microbial groups in the gut can serve as indicators of pollution. To test this hypothesis, we explored the possibility of identifying key microbial players that indicate environmental contamination. Methods: Published 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data generated from the gut microbiota of Atlantic cod caught in geographically different Norwegian waters were used for bacterial diversity comparison. Results: Different microbiomes were identified between the northern Norway and southern Norway samples. Several bacterial genera previously identified as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degraders were present only in the samples collected in the southern Norway area, suggesting fish contamination with oil-related compounds. Conclusions: The results contribute to the identification of bacterial taxa present in the Atlantic cod gut that indicate fish exposure to contaminants in the marine environment.publishedVersio
Gut microbiota and autism
No full textBoreński Grzegorz, Wójcik Magdalena, Poleszak Julita, Szabat Przemysław, Szabat Marta, Milanowska Joanna. Gut microbiota and autism. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(9):204-212. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3395320
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7380
The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019.
© The Authors 2019;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 25.08.2019. Revised: 30.08.2019. Accepted: 05.09.2019.
Gut microbiota and autism
Grzegorz Boreński1*, Magdalena Wójcik1, Julita Poleszak1, Przemysław Szabat1,
Marta Szabat1, Joanna Milanowska2
(1) Student Science Club at the Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin
(2) Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin
* E-mail address: [email protected]
ORCID ID:
Grzegorz Boreński https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-7555
Magdalena Wójcik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0999-6284
Julita Poleszak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-6262
Marta Szabat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6309-2027
Przemysław Szabat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-1900
Joanna Milanowska https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1583
Abstract
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) constitutes a group of brain developmental disorders and is characterized by difficulty with social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interest, or activities. ASD has no clear etiology and research is still ongoing to find it. Gut microbiota seems to have significant impact on the development of autism.
The aim of the study: The purpose of this systemic review was to collect and analyse available data about the role of gut microbiota and new methods of treatment of ASD.
Material and method: Standard criteria were used to review the literature data. The search of articles in the PubMed and Google Scholar database was carried out using the following keywords: autism spectrum disorder, gut microbiota, probiotics.
Description of the state of knowledge: In the studies we can found that symptoms from gastrointestinal tract occur more often in patients with ASD. Many studies confirm alterations in gut microbiota accompanying autism. The general changes are imbalance between Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, increased population of Sutterella and higher level of cultured Clostridium species in the feces. Researchers try to find a reason of these microbiota changes and the main cause they indicate is using antibiotics. Restoration of microbial balance in the colon, for instance by probiotics or microbiota transfer therapy may have beneficial effect on treatment of ASD.
Summary: Complicated relationship between gut microbiota and brain needs more studies, but at that point we can find its association with autism and ASD and also with anorexia nervosa, depression and other mood disorders and GI diseases. Among currently available methods of treatment we can distinguish behavioural treatment, pharmacological approach (risperidone and aripiprazole) and complementary and alternative medicine therapies. Understanding the impact of microbiota on autism opens up new paths of treatment, for instance probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation or microbiota transfer therapy. Although, there is a great need for more researches of their efficacy.
Key words: autism spectrum disorder, gut microbiota, probiotic
Shifting pattern of gut microbiota in pregnant women two decades apart - an observational study
No full textBackground:Past decades have witnessed a decrease in environmental biodiversity. We hypothesized a similar decrease in indigenous gut microbiota diversity, which may have contributed to the obesity epidemic.Objective:To investigate the changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota in pregnant women over a period of 20 years.Study design:Altogether 124 pregnant women (41 overweight and matched 83 normal weight) pregnant in 1997, 2007 or 2017 were included in the study. The gut microbiota composition was assessed from fecal samples obtained at 32 weeks of gestation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results:Distinct gut microbiota profiles were detected in pregnant women from 1997, 2007 and 2017 (PERMANOVA Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.029, p = 0.001). The women pregnant in 1997 exhibited significantly higher microbiota richness and diversity as compared to those pregnant in 2007 and 2017. The total concentration of fecal SCFAs was significantly higher in the pregnant women in 1997 compared to those in 2007 and 2017. Significant differences in gut microbiota composition between normal weight and overweight women were manifest in 1997 but not in 2007 or 2017.Conclusions:The decrease in intestinal microbiota richness and diversity over two decades occurred in parallel with the decline in biodiversity in our natural surroundings. It appears that the gut microbiota of pregnant women has changed over time to a composition typical for overweight individuals.</p
Stages for the More Sustainable Farm
No full textCurrently, agricultural farm units are faced with a double and most times contradictory challenge, in order to be successful: on the one hand the invested capital has to be profitable and the economic performance has to be maximised. On the other hand, given the socio-environmental situation, it is necessary to preserve and to protect the environment and natural resources. Given the potential conflict of the two aims, since the satisfaction of one implies the underperformance of the other (and vice versa), the question then is: which is the solution to choose? We intend, in this work, to formulate a farm plan with the purpose of reconciling the criteria of environmental sustainability with that of economic competitiveness. For this achievement we proceed to the comparative study of sustainability of different groups of farms identified in the study area (first evaluation cycle) through MESMIS (“Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales Mediante Indicadores de Sustentabilidad” - Framework for Evaluation of Natural-Resource Systems Handling through Sustainability Indicators) methodology, that allowed to select the more sustainable group of farms. Based on the found potentialities and weakness on these production systems, we stepped to the planning of a production unit of bovine meat, which obeys simultaneously to economic and environmental objectives, using Multicriteria Decision. We finished the work with the sustainability evaluation between groups of farms identified previously and the planned farms (second evaluation cycle), based, again, in the MESMIS methodology, to confirm (or not) the greatest sustainability of the last ones. Analyses of the results allow us to confirm the greatest relative sustainability of the planned farm, for the diverse traced scenarios.Decision taking, planning, sustainability, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management,
Food Additives, a Key Environmental Factor in the Development of IBD through Gut Dysbiosis
No full textDiet is a key environmental factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and, at the same time, represents one of the most promising therapies for IBD. Our daily diet often contains food additives present in numerous processed foods and even in dietary supplements. Recently, researchers and national authorities have been paying much attention to their toxicity and effects on gut microbiota and health. This review aims to gather the latest data focusing on the potential role of food additives in the pathogenesis of IBDs through gut microbiota modulation. Some artificial emulsifiers and sweeteners can induce the dysbiosis associated with an alteration of the intestinal barrier, an activation of chronic inflammation, and abnormal immune response accelerating the onset of IBD. Even if most of these results are retrieved from in vivo and in vitro studies, many artificial food additives can represent a potential hidden driver of gut chronic inflammation through gut microbiota alterations, especially in a population with IBD predisposition. In this context, pending the confirmation of these results by large human studies, it would be advisable that IBD patients avoid the consumption of processed food containing artificial food additives and follow a personalized nutritional therapy prescribed by a clinical nutritionist
Parole d'artiste : Marta Cuscunà
No full textInternational audienceModeration of the interview with Marta Cuscunà, an Italian performer, director, puppeteer and author. In 2009, she was awarded the Premio Scenario per Ustica for E bello vivere liberi!, first show of a trilogy on female resistance, followed by La semplicità ingannata (2012) and Sorry, boys (2015). These three texts are published in Resistenze femminili (Udine: Forum, 2019). In 2018 she created Il canto della caduta. Earthbound (2021) is her last devised show, which brings in the themes of ecofeminism, taking cues from the theories of Donna Haraway and Bruno Latour. In 2021 she became associate artist at the Piccolo Teatro in Milan. In 2023, she is guest of honor at the 11th Biennale internationale des arts de la marionette in Paris. She was awarded the prizes Rete Critica (2017), Premio della Critica – ANCT (2018) and Premio Hystrio - Altre Muse (2019).Animation de la discussion avec Marta Cuscunà, performeuse, metteuse en scène, marionnettiste et autrice italienne. En 2009, elle a remporté le prix Premio Scenario per Ustica pour È bello vivere liberi !, premier spectacle d’une trilogie sur les résistances féminines, suivi par La semplicità ingannata (2012) et Sorry, boys (2015). Ces trois textes ont été réunis dans Resistenze femminili (Udine : Forum, 2019). En 2018, elle a créé Il canto della caduta. Son dernier spectacle, Earthbound (2021), traite de l’écoféminisme en s’inspirant des théories de Donna Haraway et de Bruno Latour. En 2021, elle devient artiste associée au Piccolo Teatro de Milan. En 2023, elle est invitée d’honneur à la Biennale Internationale des Arts de la Marionnette à Paris. Elle a obtenu les prix Premio Rete Critica (2017), Premio della Critica – ANCT (2018) et Premio Hystrio - Altre Muse (2019)
Effect of anti-IL-17 and anti-IL-23 monoclonal antibodies on gut microbiota in patients with psoriasis: a single centre observational study
No full textIntroduction
The gut-skin axis (GSA) is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, which is characterized by specific dysbiotic signatures of both the gut and skin microbiota. Gut dysbiosis may alter skin homeostasis through the GSA and immune signalling networks, involving IL-23 and IL-17 cytokines. Targeting these pro-inflammatory pathways could be one of the therapeutic alternatives for psoriasis, and anti-IL-23 or anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are indeed effective systemic treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis.This study aims to i) evaluate the gut microbiota and its variation in psoriasis patients before, during, and after systemic anti-IL-23 or anti-IL-17 therapy; ii) assess clinical outcomes such as Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and Investigators Global Assessment (IGA) at the baseline and during the follow-up visits.
Materials & Methods
Stool samples were collected from a cohort of informed consent naive psoriatic patients (n = 43) at baseline (T0), after 16 (T16) and 52 (T52) weeks of treatment with anti-IL-23 or anti IL-17 mAbs. Microbial DNA was isolated (QIAmp PowerFecal Pro DNA Kit). Gut microbiota composition was analysed using 16S rDNA sequencing of the V3-V4-V6 hypervariable regions, processed with MicrobAT software and the Ribosomal Project Database (RDP) database, and assessed with MicrobiomeAnalyst for alpha- and beta-diversity. Clinical endpoints were statistically analysed as well.
Results
Preliminary data confirm an altered Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes)/Bacteroidetes [B(F)/B] ratio at T0, which indicates intestinal dysbiosis. Both the treatments not only improve the condition, but also shift the B(F)/B ratio, increasing species within the Bacteroidetes phylum and enhancing microbiota biodiversity. Besides microbiota changes, both the treatments improve PASI, IGA, and DLQI scores compared to the baseline.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate a progressive increment in gut biodiversity and a normalization of the ratio of B(F)/B in both the patient groups. This pilot study underscores the potential role of biologics in the GSA homeostasis, as the restoration of gut microbiota may support clinical outcomes in psoriasis treatment. Moreover, multicentric studies and gut microbiota analysis on a larger scale could pave the way to better comprehend the relationship between psoriasis and microbiome and lead to personalized, microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies
Proposal for the optional subject Business Protocol in the career Bachelor in Education Economy.
No full textLa presente investigación educativa está encaminada al mejoramiento cualitativo en las normas de cortesía y protocolo en las distintas actividades sociales de los estudiantes y profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas y de la eficiencia en aspectos particulares, para afianzar la buena imagen constituye, para el autor del estudio, el punto de partida para crear la línea de investigación en la carrera de Licenciatura en Educación Economía y el Grupo de Trabajo Científico Estudiantil Protocolo Empresarial, con la participación de los estudiantes del tercer año y profesores de la carrera de Licenciatura en Educación Economía; las temáticas a desarrollar responden a las investigaciones del profesor líder Ms.C. José Miguel Garcia Aguiar; que se integra al Proyecto Asociado a Programa; Sistema de Educación Cubano Perspectiva en Desarrollo, que dirige desde CITMA el DrC. Poul Torres; siendo miembro activo en el proyecto “La Educación Ciudadana y la Educación Cívica en la Escuela Cubana Actual que dirige DrC. J. Gardenia Ruiz Rodríguez. Profesora Titular que imparte la docencia en la carrera de Marxismo –Leninismo e Historia en la Sede Pedagógica “Félix Varela”. La novedad científica de la investigación radica en la concepción pedagógica del programa de la asignatura optativa Protocolo Empresarial, el cual incluye de forma holística diferentes momentos de reflexión individual y colectiva, para la investigación, aplicación y creación, al modelar las normas de cortesía y protocolo, en el área laboral y el personal en el contexto de la esfera empresarial.The present educational research is aimed at qualitative improvement in the rules of courtesy and protocol in the different social activities of the students and professors of the Faculty of Economics of the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas and the efficiency in particular aspects , To consolidate the good image constitutes, for the author of the study, the starting point to create the line of research in the career of Bachelor of Education Economics and the Working Group Scientific Student Business Protocol, with the participation of students of the third Year and professors of the Bachelor of Education in Economics; The topics to be developed respond to the research of the leading teacher Ms.C. José Miguel Garcia Aguiar; Which is part of the Program Associated Project; Cuban Education System Perspective in Development, directed by CITMA DrC. Poul Torres; Being an active member in the project "Citizen Education and Civic Education in the Current Cuban School directed by DrC. J. Gardenia Ruiz Rodríguez. Full Professor who teaches in the career of Marxism - Leninism and History in the Pedagogical Headquarters "Felix Varela". The scientific novelty of the research lies in the pedagogical conception of the program of the optional Business Protocol, which holistically includes different moments of individual and collective reflection for research, application and creation, in modeling the rules of courtesy and protocol, In the area of labor and personnel in the context of the business sphere.
Palabras claves: Etiqueta; Protocolo; Diplomacia; Protocolo empresarial;
Protocolo como individuo; Protocolo con el cliente
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