125,241 research outputs found
Graetz, Adan -- 1973-91 -- Correspondence, Individual -- letter, 1982-11-21
No full textLetter from Graetz, Adan to Sabin, Albert B. dated 1982-11-21.Sabin Collection Fair Use Policy</a
Graetz, Adan -- 1973-91 -- Correspondence, Individual -- letter, 1981-04-09
No full textLetter from Graetz, Adan to Sabin, Albert B. dated 1981-04-09.Sabin Collection Fair Use Policy</a
The Generalized Graetz Problem in Finite Domains
No full textWe consider the generalized Graetz problem associated with stationary convection-diffusion inside a domain having any regular three-dimensional translationally invariant section and finite or semi-infinite extent. Our framework encompasses any previous “extended” and “conjugated” Graetz generalizations and provides theoretical bases for computing the orthogonal set of generalized two-dimensional Graetz modes. The theoretical framework includes both heterogeneous and possibly anisotropic diffusion tensors. In the case of semi-infinite domains, the existence of a bounded solution is shown from the analysis of two-dimensional operator eigenvectors which form a basis of L2 . In the case of finite domains a similar basis can be exhibited, and the mode’s amplitudes can be obtained from the inversion of newly defined finite domain operator. Our analysis includes both the theoretical and practical issues associated with this finite domain operator inversion as well as its interpretation as a multireflection image method. Error estimates are provided when numerically truncating the spectrum to a finite number of modes. Numerical examples are validated for reference configurations and provided in nontrivial cases. Our methodology shows how to map the solution of stationary convection-diffusion problems in finite three-dimensional domains into a two-dimensional operator spectrum, which leads to a drastic reduction in computational cost
Graetz, Adan -- 1973-91 -- Correspondence, Individual -- letter, 1981-05-19
No full textLetter from Sabin, Albert B. to Graetz, Adan dated 1981-05-19.Sabin Collection Fair Use Policy</a
Mathematical analysis of parallel convective exchangers with general lateral boundary conditions using generalized graetz modes
No full textWe propose a mathematical analysis of parallel convective exchangers for any general but longitudinally invariant domains. We analyze general Dirichlet or Neumann prescribed boundary conditions at the outer solid domain. Our study provides general mathematical expressions for the solution of convection/diffusion problems. Explicit form of generalized solutions along longitudinal coordinate are found from convoluting elementary base Graetz mode with the applied sources at the boundary. In the case of adiabatic zero flux counter-current configuration, we recover the longitudinally linearly varying solution associated with the zeroth eigenmode which can be considered as the fully developed behavior for heat-exchangers. We also provide general expression for the infinite asymptotic behavior of the solutions which depends on simple parameters such as total convective flux, outer domain perimeter and the applied boundary conditions. Practical considerations associated with the numerical precision of truncated mode decomposition is also analyzed in various configurations for illustrating the versatility of the formalism. Numerical quantities of interest are investigated, such as fluid/solid internal and external fluxes
Stationary convection-diffusion between two co-axial cylinders
No full textIn this note, we examine the high Peclet number limit of the stationary extended Graetz problem for which two families of real and imaginary eigenvalues are associated, respectively, with a downstream convective relaxation and the upstream diffusive establishment. The asymptotic behavior of both families of eigenvalues is studied, in the limit of large Peclet number and thin wall, which bring to the fore a single parameter dependence, previously mentioned in the literature from numerical investigations [M.A. Cotton, J.D. Jackson, in: R.W. Lewis, K. Morgan (Eds.), Numerical Methods in Thermal Problems, vol. IV, Pineridge Press, Swansea, 1985, pp. 504–515]. The fully developed region is specifically studied thanks to the first eigenvalue dependence on the Peclet number, on the thermal conductivity coefficients and on the diameter ratio of the cylinders. The effective transport between the fluid and the solid is investigated through the
evaluation of the fully developed Nusselt number and experimental measurements
Aplicação do método variacional à solução do problema de graetz generalizado
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Graetz-Nusselt problem extended to continuum flows with finite slip
No full textGraetz and Nusselt studied heat transfer between a developed laminar fluid flow and a tube at constant wall temperature. Here, we extend the Graetz-Nusselt problem to dense fluid flows with partial wall slip. Its limits correspond to the classical problems for no-slip and no-shear flow. The amount of heat transfer is expressed by the local Nusselt number Nux, which is defined as the ratio of convective to conductive radial heat transfer. In the thermally developing regime, Nux scales with the ratio of position ˜x = x/L to Graetz number Gz , i.e. Nux ∝ (˜x/Gz )−β. Here, L is the length of the heated or cooled tube section. The Graetz number Gz corresponds to the ratio of axial advective to radial diffusive heat transport. In the case of no slip, the scaling exponent β equals 1/3. For no-shear flow, β = 1/2. The results show that for partial slip, where the ratio of slip length b to tube radius R ranges from zero to infinity, β transitions from 1/3 to 1/2 when 10−4 less than b/R less than 100. For partial slip, β is a function of both position and slip length. The developed Nusselt number Nu∞ for ˜x/Gz greater than 0.1 transitions from 3.66 to 5.78, the classical limits, when 10−2 less than b/R less than 102. A mathematical and physical explanation is provided for the distinct transition points for β and Nu∞
Transports couplés en géométries complexes
No full textCes travaux s'intéressent aux questions de transports non stationnaires et de transferts stationnaires de chaleur et de masse par convection-diffusion au sein de géométries complexes. Par complexe, nous entendons d'une part pour le transport que le fluide est convecté au sein d'une cavité de section quelconque lentement variable dans la direction longitudinale, c'est à dire ayant des variations longitudinales grandes devant hauteur et largeur moyennes. Nous considérons d'autre part le transfert au sein de domaines non-axisymétriques dans lesquels sont plongés un ou plusieurs tubes où le fluide porteur s'écoule. Pour ce qui concerne le transfert, ce travail a consisté à montrer comment étendre le principe, valider l'utilisation, et illustrer l'efficacité d'une décomposition en mode de Graetz pour la prédiction des échanges dans des configurations réalistes d'échangeurs. Cette décomposition permet de formuler le problème initial 3D comme un problème aux valeurs propres généralisées en 2D dont la résolution numérique est drastiquement moins coûteuse. Nous généralisons la notion de mode de Graetz à des conditions aux limites latérales quelconques et, en particulier pour le cas d'échangeurs équilibrés où nous avons mis en évidence un nouveau mode linéairement variables dans la direction longitudinale. Nous mettons en oeuvre le calcul de ces modes de Graetz dans le cas de configurations semi-infinies pour traiter, par exemple, des configurations transversalement périodiques (types plancher chauffant) et montrons qu'un faible nombre de modes suffit pour donner une très bonne approximation des transferts. Dans le cas d'échangeurs finis couplé avec des tubes en entrée/sortie, nous montrons comment déterminer les amplitudes des modes de Graetz dans les différents domaines par la minimisation d'une fonctionnelle associée aux conditions d'entrée sorties retenues. Ces modes permettent l'étude paramétrique systématique des champs de température, des flux de chaleurs entre les domaines fluides et solides ainsi que des rendements thermiques d'un échangeur à deux tubes. Nos résultats indiquent que la longueur d'échange caractéristique est gouvernée par le premier mode de Graetz généralisé à grand nombre de Péclet. Nous montrons aussi, en particulier, qu'un échangeur symétrique possède un spectre symétrique, et une évolution amont/aval symétrique. Dans le cas de la dispersion de Taylor, nous avons établi une forme conservative 3D des équations de dispersion de Taylor en géométrie variable généralisant le cas 2D déjà connu. Nous avons ensuite implémenté en éléments finis puis validé numériquement ces équations de dispersion en 2D et 3D. Nous montrons que les variations longitudinales 3D de la cavité peuvent considérablement augmenter la dispersion longitudinale.This work interest is about stationary transfer and non-stationary transport by convection-diffusion onto complex geometries. For transport issues, complex refers to convection into flattened cavity of arbitrary transverse shape, slowly varying along the longitudinal direction. In the context of transfer, complex refers to non-axisymmetric domains of arbitrary transverse shape along which one or several parallel tubes convect heat or mass. For the transfer problem, this work extends the principle, validates the use, and illustrates the efficiency of Graetz modes decompositions for exchanges prediction in realistic exchangers configurations. This decomposition permits to formulate the initial 3D problem as a generalysed 2D eigenvalue problem, the numerical evaluation of which is drastically reduced. We generalyze Graetz modes solutions for arbitrary applied lateral boundary conditions. In the particular case of balanced exchangers, we bring to the fore a new neutral mode whose longitudinal variations are linear as opposed to classical Graetz modes displaying exponential decay. The numerical computation of those modes for semi-infinite configurations with lateral periodic boundary conditions shows that a few number of those provides a very good approximation for exchanges. In the case of finite exchangers coupled with inlet/oulet tubes, we show how to evaluate the amplitudes of Graetz modes in the various domains (inlet, exchanger, outlet) from functional minimization associated with input/output boundary conditions. The evaluation of these amplitudes permit a systematic parametric study of temperature fields, heat fluxes between fluid and solid, and hot/cold performance of a couple-tube exchanger. Our results indicate that the typical exchange length is governed by the first Graetz mode at large P\'eclet number. We also show that a symmetric exchanger has a symmetric spectrum and a upward/backward symmetric evolution. In the case transport we elaborate theoretically the conservative form of 3D Taylor dispersion equations into variable cavities which generalyzes the framework already known in 2D. We numerically implement these averaged dispersion equations with finite element, and validate in 2D the obtained results. We show that 3D longitudinal variations of a cavity has a strong impact on the longitudinal dispersion
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