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Ethnobotanical Study of Medicina Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by the Indigenous Community of Mbaham in Karas District Fakfak Regency West Papua
No full textMedicinal plants are the main element in the local medicine system in Karas District, Fakfak Regency. This is closely related to the culture and traditional knowledge of the community. This study aims to identify the species of medicinal plants used by Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMP) An ethnobotanical survey was conducted to collect information from Traditional Medicine Practitioners from January to February 2023. The research method used by interviewing six informants who had information about the use of medicinal plants. The results showed that there were 57 species of medicinal plants from 35 families that had been used to treat 39 types of diseases. The most used plan part by TMP is leaf (19%) Boiling is the most commonly used processing method. Medicinal plants with the highest use value used by TMP are Andrographis paniculata, Annona muricata, Momordica charantia, Terminalia catappa, Jatropha curcas, Spatholobus littoralis, Piper betle, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia, Curcuma longa, dan Zingiber officinale with a UV value = 1.00. The category of circulatory system is the most treated disease category with an ICF value of 0.8. Medicinal plants with the highest percentage accuracy value are Andrographis paniculata, Annona muricata, Momordica charantia, Terminalia catappa, Jatropha curcas, Spatholobus littoralis, Piper betle, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia, Curcuma longa, dan Zingiber officinale with FL = 100%.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Karas District, Fakfak, Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMP), Medicinal Plant.Tumbuhan obat merupakan elemen utama dalam sistem pengobatan lokal di Distrik Karas Kabupaten Fakfak. Hal ini berhubungan erat dengan kebudayaan dan pengetahuan tradisional masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan obat secara tradisional oleh Praktisi Obat Tradisional (POT). Survei etnobotani dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dari Praktisi Obat Tradisional (POT) dari bulan Januari sampai Februari 2023. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah wawancara terhadap enam informan yang memiliki informasi mengenai pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 57 jenis tumbuhan obat dari 35 Famili yang mengobati sebanyak 39 jenis penyakit. Daun (19%) merupakan bagian tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan oleh POT dengan status asal pekarangan rumah. Direbus adalah cara pengolahan yang paling umum digunakan. Tumbuhan obat dengan nilai guna paling tinggi yang digunakan oleh POT adalah Andrographis paniculata, Annona muricata, Momordica charantia, Terminalia catappa, Jatropha curcas, Spatholobus littoralis, Piper betle, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia, Curcuma longa, dan Zingiber officinale dengan nilai UV=1.00. Kategori penyakit sisem sirkulasi merupakan kategori penyakit paling banyak diobati dengan nilai ICF=0.8. Tumbuhan obat dengan nilai presentase keakuratan paling tinggi adalah Andrographis paniculata, Annona muricata, Momordica charantia, Terminalia catappa, Jatropha curcas, Spatholobus litaoralis, Piper betle, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia, Curcuma longa, dan Zingiber officinale dengan nilai FL = 100%.
Kata Kunci: Etnobotani, Distrik Karas, Fakfak, Praktisi Obat Tradsional (POT) Tumbuhan Oba
Studi Etnobotani Pemanfaatan Zingibereaceae Oleh Masyarakat Melayu di Pulau Rupat, Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau
Get PDF AbstrakKearifan lokal etnis Melayu Rupat dalam memanfaatkan tumbuhan obat sangat khas, namun pengetahuan lokal tersebut belum pernah diungkap dan didokumentasikan dengan baik secara ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis, manfaat, dan cara pemanfaatan tumbuhan Zingiberaceae oleh masyarakat Melayu di Pulau Rupat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara secara terbuka dan semi terstruktur terhadap 15 praktisi obat tradisional. Data kualitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif dan data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan menghitung Use Value (UV), Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), dan Fidelity Level (FL). Sebanyak 14 spesies dan lima genus famili Zingiberaceae yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat Melayu Rupat untuk mengobati sekitar 33 jenis penyakit yang dikelompokkan menjadi enam kategori di antaranya masalah kesehatan wanita, sakit kepala, masalah pencernaan, masalah otot, dan sendi, masalah sirkulasi serta masalah pada kulit. Hasil analisis diketahui bahwa tumbuhan Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Kaempferia galanga, dan Zingiber officinale var. rubrum memiliki nilai UV tertinggi yang mengindikasikan bahwa tumbuhan tersebut dianggap penting karena diketahui oleh semua informan. Keempat tumbuhan tersebut juga memiliki nilai ICS tertinggi karena memiliki khasiat paling banyak sebagai bahan obat. Terdapat 11 jenis penyakit yang memiliki nilai ICF tertinggi, yakni tingkat kesepakatan masyarakat dalam menggunakan suatu jenis tumbuhan untuk mengobati penyakit tersebut sangat tinggi. Nilai FL tertinggi mencapai 100% diperoleh pada tumbuhan Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, dan Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum, artinya masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan yang sama dalam memanfaatkan ketiga jenis tumbuhan tersebut.Kata Kunci: Bengkalis; Etnobotany; Melayu; Pulau Rupat; ZingiberaceaeAbstractThe local wisdom of the Rupat Malay ethnic group in using medicinal plants is very unique, however, this local knowledge has never been revealed and documented properly scientifically. This research aims to identify the types, benefits and ways of using Zingiberaceae plants by the Malay community on Rupat Island. Data collection was carried out through open and semi-structured interviews with 15 traditional medicine practitioners. Qualitative data was analyzed descriptively and quantitative data was analyzed by calculating Use Value (UV), Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), and Fidelity Level (FL). There are 14 species and five genera of the Zingiberaceae family that are used by the Rupat Malay community to treat approximately 33 types of diseases which are grouped into six categories including women\u27s health problems, headaches, digestive problems, muscle and joint problems, circulation problems and skin problems. The plants Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Kaempferia galanga, and Zingiber officinale var. rubrum has the highest UV value which indicates that this plant is considered important because it is known to all informants. These four plants also have the highest ICS values because they have the most benefits as medicinal ingredients. There are 11 types of diseases that have the highest ICF values, this shows that the level of community agreement in using a type of plant to treat this disease is very high. The highest FL value reaching 100% was obtained in Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Zingiber officinale var. rubrum, that people have the same knowledge in using these three types of plants
Manajemen Baitul Mal Pada Masa Khalifah Umar Bin Khathab R.a: Sebuah Tinjauan Sejarah
Get PDFUmar bin Khathab was the chaliph of about 10 years. He was well know as his ekspansion policies. He introduced a goverment administrasion system by dividing its area and building Baitul mal to be an independent institution. Those exspansion policies had reached the goal successfully, so as the income of the a sure of the Baitul mal were overabundance. Then, the chaliph Umar managed it through accumulation and emission by forming Diwan. He had applied the concept of Islamic management long before the weit management exisheted. The concent of Umar's give preference on manner which related to the value of faith and truth. He also applied the Syura concept on manner and management activity, especially those which related to the determination of decision. Dividing goverment area and Amir and Madinah as the center of polity and Baitu mal the independent institution out of the goverment intervension became chaliph Umar contribution Islamic polity
Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Transformatif dalam Menghasilkan Pendidik Matematika yang Islami, Profesional, dan Kompetitif
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the implementation of transformative education in the Mathematics Education (Tadris Matematika) Study Program in producing Islamic, professional, and competitive mathematics educators. The sample in this research is Mathematics Education (Tadris Matematika) lecturers and students. Collecting data using observation, interviews, and documentation. The methods of data analysis used are reduction, display, and conclusion drawing and triangulation techniques. From this study, it was found that the implementation of transformative education in mathematics education (tadris matematika) study program was carried out by lecturers in producing Islamic, professional, and competitive mathematics educators. In producing Islamic educators, it is necessary to evaluate and improve again. In producing professional educators, the effort is still minimal, while the efforts of lecturers in producing competitive mathematics educators already exist through scientific writing competitions, but this has not had a good impact on producing competitive mathematics educators because most students are still insecure/lack of confidence in take part in competitions. The obstacles found are the lack of supporting infrastructure in professional development and the lack of self-confidence and motivation from students and lecturers. The contribution in this research is as an evaluation material for Mathematics Education (Tadris Matematika) lecturers, faculties in improving prospective Islamic, professional, and competitive mathematics educators in accordance with the vision and mission of the Mathematics Education (Tadris Matematika)
EFEKTIVITAS IMUNOMODULATOR EKSTRAK DAUN MACANG (Mangifera Foetida L.) TERHADAP SEL MAKROFAG TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFMacang (Mangifera foetida L.) has potential as an effect herbal medicinal plant with antioxidant content, namely mangiferin. The aim of this study is to prove empirically study that macang has an immunomodulatory effect through preclinical testing. This study use white mice (Rattus norvegicus) as experimental animals and Staphylococcus aureus as test bacteria. Rats were give leaf extracts of 3 varieties of orally for 7 days using 3 prescribe doses in ppm. On the 8th day, each rats was induce by an intraperitoneal section with 0,5 ml of the bacterial suspension tested. Observation of peritoneal fluid through smear preparations includes 2 parameters, phagocytosis activity and capacity. The result showed that the immunomodulatory effects on batu varieties were effective at dose 2 (10 ppm = 0,01 mg/g), limus varieties and manis varieties were effective at dose 1 (1 ppm = 0,001 mg/g). According to this research, it was concluded that leaf extracts of three varieties macang could be used as immunomodulators.AbstrakMacang (Mangifera foetida L.) mempunyai potensi sebagai tumbuhan obat herbal dengan kandungan antioksidan yaitu mangiferin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan efek imunomodulator pada tiga varietas macang (batu, limus dan manis) melalui uji praklinik. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) sebagai hewan uji dan Staphylococcus aureus sebagai bakteri uji. Tikus diberi ekstrak daun tiga varietas macang secara oral selama tujuh hari menggunakan tiga serial dosis dalam satuan ppm. Pada hari ke-8, setiap tikus putih diinduksi bagian intraperitoneal dengan 0,5 ml suspensi bakteri uji. Pengamatan cairan peritoneal melalui preparat apusan meliputi 2 parameter yaitu aktivitas dan kapasitas fagositosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek imunomodulator pada varietas batu efektif pada dosis 2 (10 ppm=0,01 mg/g), varietas limus dan manis efektif pada dosis 1 (10 ppm=0,001mg/g). Disimpulkan bahwa daun macang (Mangifera foetida) berpotensi digunakan sebagai imunomodulator.Kata kunci : Fagositosis makrofag, Imunomodulator, Mangifera foetid
Short Communication: Phylogenetic analysis of mango (Mangifera) in Northern Sumatra based on gene sequences of cpDNA trnL-F intergenic spacer
No full textHarahap SP, Fitmawati, Sofiyanti N. 2017. Short Communication: Phylogenetic analysis of mango (Mangifera) in Northern Sumatra based on gene sequences of cpDNA trnL-F intergenic spacer. Biodiversitas 18: 715-719. Northern Sumatra is an area with geographical variation. The environmental factors are affected on character plasticity such as found in Anacardiaceae family especially Mangifera genus. The character plasticity of Mangifera members raises a problem in determining clear boundaries between species based on morphological character. Therefore, a molecular approach is necessary to provide a specific character among Mangifera species. This study aimed to reconstruct the phylogeny among Mangifera members in Northern Sumatra based on the sequences of trnLF intergenic spacer. All of the sequences were aligned by using Clustal W and Cladogram was reconstructed by using PAUP by Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Neighbour-Joining (NJ) methods. The MP cladogram produced two in groups i.e., clade I consist of M. odorata1, M. odorata2, M. laurina1, M. laurina2, M. indica, M. zeylanica, M. quadrifida and Mangifera sp. and clade II consisted of M. foetida1 and M. foetida2. Based on the NJ method, it was obtained M. laurina2 which had the highest genetic distance among other members of Mangifera. The trnL-F intergenic spacer with a low sequences variation indicated that this region was highly conserved and had a low evolution rate in Mangifera.</jats:p
VARIASI INFRASPESIES MACANG (Mangifera foetida) BERDASARKAN SEKUEN GEN rbcL
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Macang (Mangifera foetida) adalah jenis mangga kosmopolit dengan vigoritas yang kuat. Macang banyak ditemukan di perkarangan dan kebun dan bersifat semi liar. Penurunan luas lahan seperti deforestasi dapat mengakibatkan keanekaragaman kultivar macang juga mengalami penurunan secara cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan merekonstruksi hubungan kekerabatan antar kultivar macang menggunakan sekuen gen rbcL. Sampel berasal dari koleksi hasil eksplorasi mangga Sumatera bagian Selatan, yaitu Provinsi Bengkulu, Lampung dan Sumatera Selatan. Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode CTAB yang dimodifikasi, kemudian DNA diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan primer spesifik rbcL forward dan reverse, dan dilakukan sekuensing serta analisis filogenetik. Rekontruksi pohon filogenetik menggunakan program PAUP* versi 4.0b10 dengan metode Maximum Parsimony (MP) dan Neighbor Joining (NJ). Kladogram dengan MP diperoleh dua klad, yaitu pada klad I terdiri dari kultivar Macang lonjong dan Macang lado, sedangkan klad II terdiri dari kultivar Macang bulat. Berdasarkan metode NJ, diperoleh Macang bulat memiliki jarak genetik lebih panjang sehingga dianggap sebagai individu yang lebih primitif daripada kultivar yang lain. Dengan demikian, dari penelitian ini diperoleh informasi dan bukti dari status taksonomi kultivar macang.
Abstract
Mangifera foetida is a species of cosmopolitan mango with strong vigor. Some M. foetida are found in some front houses and gardens and has a character of semi-wild in its cultivation. Decreases in land area, such as deforestation, can lead to a rapid decline in their diversity of cultivars. This study aimed to analyze and reconstructs the phylogenetic relationship among M. foetida cultivars using the rbcL gene sequences. Samples were collected from the exploration within the area of South Sumatra, such as Provinces of Bengkulu, Lampung and South Sumatra. The DNA extraction was carried out using the modified CTAB method, followed by DNA amplification using rbcL-specific primers, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using the PAUP* version 4.0b10 by using the method of Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Neighbor Joining (NJ). Cladogram of the MP tree showed two clades that the clad I consisted of M. foetida (Macang lonjong) and M. foetida (Macang lado) cultivars, whereas clad II consisted of M. foetida (Macang bulat) cultivar. The NJ tree showed that M. foetida (Macang bulat) has a longer genetic distance so it is considered as a more primitive cultivar than others. Therefore, information and evidences from the taxonomic status of the M. foetida cultivars were obtained from this study
Systematic reinstatement of the Sumatra endemic species Mangifera sumatrana Miq. (Anacardiaceae)
No full textMangifera sumatrana Miq. is an endemic species from Sumatra. The taxonomic status of M. sumatrana remains unclear and is currently treated as a synonym of M. laurina. The present study employed morphological and palynological characters and molecular analyses to address the delimitation between the two species. Pollen observations were carried out with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Phylogenetic relationships were investigated using the ITS and the trnl-F intergenic spacer markers. M. sumatrana differs from M. laurina by having pyramidal panicles with a low density of pale yellow flowers pale, sepals 3–3.5 × 1.7–2 mm, fruit roundish to flattened with pale yellow pulp, a rough fibre texture, and pollen with a prolate spheroidal shape. The MP phylogenetic tree showed a divergent boundary between the two species suggesting that M. sumatrana could be an independent species, not a variety of M. laurina. The present study supports the view that these two taxa can be treated as different species
Karakteristik Morfologi dan Uji Kandungan Nutrisi Pisang Batu (Musa balbisiana Colla) di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi
Get PDFMusa balbisiana Colla in Kuantan Singingi Regency can survive from the disease that cause banana in many other areas loss their diversity. Currently, there is no information about the diversity of M. balbisiana from Kuantan Singingi. The purposes of this study were to record, characterize, and measure the diversity of M. balbisiana from Kuantan Singingi based on the morphological characters. M. balbisiana Colla samples were collected from three locations in kuantan singingi, i.e. Pangean, Cerenti, and Inuman. A total of 88 morphological characters of M. balbisiana were analyzed. The UPGMA analysis was conducted to find out the diversity of M. balbisiana. The result showed that there were six M. balbisiana cultivars, namely Aceh, Bungo, Kara, Jambi, Nipah, and Beluluk which were found in this study. The similarity coefficient values of these six banana cultivars was ranged from 63-89 %. Cluster analysis based on 88 morphological characters of M. balbisiana produced dendogram with 2 primary groups at percentage of similarity values of 66 %.  Kara cultivar contained the highest carbohydrates, vitamin C, fiber and sodium content, while aceh cultivar had the highest potassium content. Key words: diversity, Kuantan Singingi, morphology, M. balbisiana, nutrient conten
STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI HATI TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout 1769) DENGAN PEMBERIAN RAMUAN TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT MELAYU LINGGA, KEPULAUAN RIAU
Get PDFLingga Island is the center of the Malay kingdom of Kepulauan Riau Province with local wisdom that is still ingrained in the community. Obat pahit is a decoction of linguistic stew of ethnic lingga community which is believed to be a youthful remedy and maintain stamina. This study aims to find histopathologic changes of liver white mice after the decoction of herb concoction of Obat pahit. The percentage of intercellular damage was nonexistent from the normal control group and positive control but different from the negative control group. Different types of medicinal herbs with different dosage levels. But the damage is still in the normal, accessible category that has no toxic effects from bitter herbs on liver organ
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