4,188 research outputs found
Environmental toxicity, redox signaling and lung inflammation:the role of glutathione
No full textGlutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant thiol and is central to redox defense during oxidative stress. GSH metabolism is tightly regulated and has been implicated in redox signaling and also in protection against environmental oxidant-mediated injury. Changes in the ratio of the reduced and disulfide form (GSH/GSSG) can affect signaling pathways that participate in a broad array of physiological responses from cell proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis to gene expression that involve H(2)O(2) as a second messenger. Oxidative stress due to oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and also due to environmental oxidants is an important component during inflammation and respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and asthma. It is known to activate multiple stress kinase pathways and redox-sensitive transcription factors such as Nrf2, NF-kappaB and AP-1, which differentially regulate the genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the protective antioxidant genes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms for the induction of antioxidants, such as GSH, versus pro-inflammatory mediators at sites of oxidant-directed injuries may allow for the development of novel therapies which will allow pharmacological manipulation of GSH synthesis during inflammation and oxidative injury. This article features the current knowledge about the role of GSH in redox signaling, GSH biosynthesis and particularly the regulation of transcription factor Nrf2 by GSH and downstream signaling during oxidative stress and inflammation in various pulmonary diseases. We also discussed the current therapeutic clinical trials using GSH and other thiol compounds, such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine, fudosteine, carbocysteine, erdosteine in environment-induced airways disease
Current concepts on oxidative/carbonyl stress, inflammation and epigenetics in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. The current therapies for COPD are poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are bronchodilators. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the development of novel therapies. In the present review, we have discussed the roles of oxidative/aldehyde stress, inflammation/immunity, and chromatin remodeling in the pathogenesis of COPD. An imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants caused by cigarette smoke and other pollutants/biomass fuels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB), autophagy and unfolded protein response leading to chronic lung inflammatory response. Cigarette smoke also activates canonical/alternative NF-κB pathways and their upstream kinases leading to sustained inflammatory response in lungs. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been shown to be critical for the development of COPD because the expression/activity of enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications have been reported to be abnormal in airways of COPD patients. Hence, the significant advances made in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD as described herein will identify novel therapeutic targets for intervention in COPD
FGV/EPGE - 2014 Workshop on Economic Theory - David Rahman (University of Minnesota)
No full textImportant economic theorists such as David Martimort (Paris School of Economics), Alessandro Pavan (Northwestern University), David Rahman (University of Minnesota), Yuliy Sannikov (Princeton University), Federico Echenique (California Institute of Technology), Muhamet Yildiz (MIT) and Roland Strausz (University of Berlim) presented their work. This workshop represents a great opportunity to disseminate some of the recent developments in the field. The workshop was organized by the FGV/EPGE and sponsored by the FGV EPGE "Mestrado em Economia e Finanças Empresariais
Propriedades relacionadas às vacâncias de Cu em filmes eletrodepositados de Cu20 e emissão de pares pósitron-elétron correlacionados de superfícies
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Florianópolis, 2013Esta tese de doutorado é dividida em dois capítulos. O primeiro tem por objetivo estudar a relação entre propriedades ópticas, elétricas e magnéticas de filmes de óxido de cobre do tipo I (Cu2O) em função da densidade de vacâncias de Cu deste material. O crescimento de camadas de Cu2O foi obtido por meio da técnica de eletrodeposição. Propriedades como parâmetro de rede, direção de crescimento, gap de energia, índice de refração, resistividade elétrica e magnetização de saturação foram estudas em função do pH do eletrólito de eletrodeposição, da espessura dos filmes e dos substratos utilizados. Os resultados demonstram que o aumento de vacâncias de Cu eleva o índice de refração e diminui a resistividade do Cu2O. Também se observou que vacâncias de Cu podem levar filmes de Cu2O não dopados a apresentarem resposta ferromagnética a campos magnéticos externos aplicados e quando dopados com íons Co2+ o sinal de magnetização é fortalecido devido a formação de vacâncias pela dopagem. Este resultado é de grande importância para compreensão das propriedades magnéticas em semicondutores de óxidos de transição. No capítulo II serão apresentados resultados inéditos para espectroscopia de coincidência de pares pósitron-elétron correlacionados, esta é a primeira vez em que este tipo de experimento é de maneira consistente realizado. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a divisão de energia entre pósitrons e elétrons V emitidos é assimétrica, concordando com resultado teórico existente na literatura. Experimentos para detecção de pares elétron-elétron correlacionados excitados por pósitrons apresentaram de forma inesperada emissão de pares com energia superior a do feixe de pósitrons incidente. O mecanismo que proporciona esta energia adicional permanece não esclarecido This thesis is divided in two chapters. The first aims to study the relation between optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) films with the density of Cu vacancies in this material. Cu2O layers growth was carried out by electrodeposition technique. Properties as lattice parameter, growth direction, energy gap, refraction index, electrical resistivity, and saturation magnetization were studied as function of electrolyte pH, film thickness, and substrate. Results revealed that the enhancement of Cu vacancies increases the Cu2O refraction index and decreases its electrical resistivity. Was also observed that Cu vacancies can lead undoped Cu2O films to present ferromagnetic response to external applied magnetic fields and when doped with Co2+ ions the magnetization signal is stronger due to the formation of additional vacancies. This last result is of great importance to understanding of magnetic properties in transition metal oxide semiconductors. In chapter II will be presented unprecedented results for positron-electron pair coincidence spectroscopy, this is the first time that this kind of experiment is performed in a consistent manner. The obtained results show that the energy shared between emitted positrons and electrons is not symmetric, in accordance with theoretical result in literature. Experiments for detection of electron-electron correlated pairs excited by positrons presented an unexpected emission of pairs with VII energy higher than the incident positron beam, and the mechanism of this emission process remains unclear
Dietary polyphenols mediated regulation of oxidative stress and chromatin remodeling in inflammation
No full textPEMIKIRAN FAZLUR RAHMAN TENTANG PENDIDIKAN DAN RELEVANSINYA DALAM DUNIA MODERN
No full textPragmatic education thought-instrumental is a philosophic point of view that blends with the religious viewpoint of abstract speculation in outlining the education. One of renewing Islamic education is Fazlur Rahman. According to him, the goal of Islamic education are as renewal which is the initial step in the Islamization for all aspects of human life.
The study of library (library research) i.e. research sourced from material libraries using a qualitative approach. In this case, the author does exploration of a number of primary data as well as secondary data. The author does an analysis of the concept of Islamic education prespective Fazlur Rahman and relevance against the modern world.
The concept of educational thought Fazlur Rahman i.e. the Qur\u27an as a guide in resolving every problem and the answer and make the human person that are creative, have moral values in accordance with the Qur\u27an. Whereas, education as an alternative to the secular science by receiving updates and tried to enter it with Islamic concepts as for Islamic education renewal effort started from the educational objectives, educational system, learners, educators and the means of education. The relevance of educational thought on modern world Fazlur Rahman now is integration between religion and discrimination through public education, omission of religion and public education, this has been done wrong by the College namely IAIN with try to follow the thinking of education Fazlur Rahman dare change the State Islamic University (UIN)
PEMIKIRAN FAZLUR RAHMAN TENTANG PENDIDIKAN DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN DUNIA MODERN
No full textAbstrakFazlur Rahman is one of the renewal figures in the Islamic world who contributes to develop and lure Muslim scholars in the world so that they are moved to continue their struggle to advance the quality of education, especially in the Islamic world. So in this study, the author tries to present how the role of Fazlur Rahman in developing Islamic education in the Islamic world is devoted to his thinking. The method in this study uses analytical methods with thought data processes. Alignment in the development and contribution of a Fazlur Rahman was finally stated and in line with the Constitution of the National Education System No. 20 of 2003, through its articles. In the hope that harmony can advance the quality of National education, so that Fazlur Rahman's dream of developing Islamic education can be realized in the State of Indonesia. Keywords: Fazlur Rahman, Education, Relevance, Modern Worl
The Rahman Polynomials Are Bispectral
No full textIn a very recent paper, M. Rahman introduced a remarkable family of polynomials in two variables as the eigenfunctions of the transition matrix for a nontrivial Markov chain due to M. Hoare and M. Rahman. I indicate here that these polynomials are bispectral. This should be just one of the many remarkable properties enjoyed by these polynomials. For several challenges, including finding a general proof of some of the facts displayed here the reader should look at the last section of this paper.This paper is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue ‘Integrable Systems and Related Topics’. I am very thankful to a couple of referees who read the paper with great care and pointed out typos as well as ways to improve the presentation. The author was supported in part by NSF Grant # 0603901
The Rahman Polynomials Are Bispectral
No full textIn a very recent paper, M. Rahman introduced a remarkable family of polynomials in two variables as the eigenfunctions of the transition matrix for a nontrivial Markov chain due to M. Hoare and M. Rahman. I indicate here that these polynomials are bispectral. This should be just one of the many remarkable properties enjoyed by these polynomials. For several challenges, including finding a general proof of some of the facts displayed here the reader should look at the last section of this paper.This paper is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue ‘Integrable Systems and Related Topics’. I am very thankful to a couple of referees who read the paper with great care and pointed out typos as well as ways to improve the presentation. The author was supported in part by NSF Grant # 0603901
Ediacaran marine animal forests and the ventilation of the oceans
No full text<p>This dataset consists of original data from the following paper:</p>
<p>Gutarra, S., Mitchell, E.G., Dunn, F.S., Gibson, B.M., Racicot, R.A., Darroch, S.A.F. and Rahman, I.A. In press. Ediacaran marine animal forests and the ventilation of the oceans. <em>Current Biology</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.059">doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.059</a></p>
<p>The dataset comprises two ZIP files: </p>
<p>Gutarra_et_al_Simulated_Communities.zip. This file includes spreadsheets (.xlsx) and text files (.txt) with details of the virtual communities simulated based on data on the size, density, spatial distribution, and orientation of Ediacaran fossils from the ‘D’, ‘E’, and Lower Mistaken Point (LMP) surfaces at Mistaken Point, Newfoundland, Canada. Virtual communities were simulated using the package spatstat in R.</p>
<p>Gutarra_et_al_CFD_Simulations.zip. This file includes three-dimensional digital models (.stp) of the simulated communities and results files (.mph) from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of water flow using these models. Digital models were built in Rhinoceros 3D and CFD simulations were performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.</p>
<p>The code used for spatial ecological modelling is available at: https://github.com/egmitchell/SpatialSimulations</p>
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