Rumah Jurnal Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bone
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Fulfillment of the Rights of Children with Disabilities in Inclusive Education in the Digital Era: Evidence from Gorontalo City
No full textInclusive education constitutes a fundamental human right, yet children with disabilities in Gorontalo City face persistent barriers in accessing it. This study analyzes the legal framework governing inclusive education rights and evaluates the implementation of adaptive, technology-supported inclusive policies. Employing a socio-legal approach with a descriptive–analytical design, the research integrates normative analysis of legal instruments with empirical data from focus group discussions, interviews, and document review. Findings reveal that Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2023 has not been effectively operationalized, with implementation hindered by systemic factors (insufficient qualified teachers, non-adaptive curricula, inadequate accessible infrastructure), socio-cultural factors (stigma and bullying), and digital factors (limited device access and low digital literacy). The results highlight a substantial gap between normative guarantees and practical implementation. The study underscores the need for operational regulations, enhanced teacher capacity, accessible digital learning facilities, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to achieve an equitable and inclusive educational ecosystem
LANDASAN HUKUM DAN REGULASI JAMINAN HALAL DI INDONESIA
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalam landasan hukum dan kerangka regulasi Sistem Jaminan Produk Halal di Indonesia, serta membedah peran kelembagaan tripartit yang menyelenggarakannya. Penelitian ini berfokus pada transformasi tata kelola halal dari inisiatif sukarela berbasis komunitas menjadi rezim hukum wajib (mandatory) yang diatur oleh negara.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis yuridis-teologis (fiqh dan hukum positif) untuk mengkaji fondasi JPH di Indonesia. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis, yang menelaah dua sumber utama: Hukum Primer (Al-Qur'an dan Al-Hadits) sebagai landasan teologis, serta Hukum Positif (UUD 1945, UU No. 33 Tahun 2014 tentang JPH, dan peraturan pelaksanaannya, khususnya PP No. 39 Tahun 2021) sebagai kerangka regulasi. Analisis juga melibatkan pembahasan metodologi ijtihad (Mashlahah Mursalah) sebagai justifikasi hukum negara untuk mewajibkan sertifikasi.Sistem JPH didirikan di atas landasan ganda: Landasan Syariah yang diatur oleh prinsip halalan thayyiban dan Hadits tentang syubhat (samar-samar), yang menuntut prinsip kehati-hatian (ihtiyat) ; dan Landasan Konstitusional pada Pasal 29 ayat (2) UUD 1945, yang menjamin hak beribadah dan menjadi justifikasi negara untuk intervensi JPH. Transformasi Regulasi: UU No. 33 Tahun 2014 mengubah sistem JPH menjadi wajib, dengan tujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan dan kepastian hukum kepada masyarakat. Peraturan Pelaksana, seperti PP No. 39 Tahun 2021, merinci aspek prosedur, jenis produk wajib, dan sanksi.Tata kelola JPH diselenggarakan melalui sinergi tripartit: Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal (BPJPH) sebagai regulator dan penerbit Sertifikat Halal; Lembaga Pemeriksa Halal (LPH) yang melakukan audit teknis dan pengujian ; dan Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) yang mempertahankan otoritas tunggal untuk menerbitkan Ketetapan Halal (Fatwa tertulis), yang bersifat pra-syarat bagi BPJPH.Sinkronisasi dan Konflik: Terdapat sinkronisasi substansi (otoritas fatwa di MUI sejalan dengan syariah), namun perbedaan mendasar pada aspek formal-prosedural, di mana hukum positif memperkenalkan unsur kewajiban dan sanksi tegas. UU JPH dipandang sebagai manifestasi Maqashid al-Shari'ah dalam skala nasional, melindungi agama, jiwa, dan harta (hifz al-din, hifz al-nafs, hifz al-mal
Legal Protection for Children Victims of Neglect by Parents with Mental Disorders within Indonesia’s Legislative Framework
No full textThe issue of child neglect by parents with mental disorders raises complex legal and social challenges, as both the child and the mentally ill parent are vulnerable groups requiring legal protection and State responsibility to ensure their rights. Mental illness often impairs parental capacity to provide adequate care, placing the child in a highly vulnerable and precarious situation. From a criminal law perspective, such mental conditions may serve as a ground for excuse under the Indonesian Penal Code, potentially eliminating criminal responsibility. This raises the question of who is accountable for ensuring the child's protection. This normative legal research aims to analyze the available forms of legal protection for children in such circumstances under Indonesian law, particularly Law No. 23 of 2002 on Child Protection as amended by Law No. 35 of 2014, and to examine State responsibility through the lens of Child Rights Theory and the Best Interests of the Child principle. The study finds that while Indonesia's legal framework is relatively comprehensive, highlighted by Government Regulation No. 44 of 2017 on the Implementation of Child Care and Government Regulation No. 78 of 2021 on Special Protection for Children, implementation remains hindered by significant challenges, including weak institutional coordination, limited resources, and an insufficiently child-centered approach. The State thus has a positive obligation to take concrete preventive and curative measures to ensure children's rights protection, including providing appropriate alternative care and access to psychosocial recovery services
Legitimacy of Sub-Minimum Sentencing in Narcotics Cases: An Analysis of Judicial Discretion from the Perspectives of Positive Law and Islamic Criminal Law
No full textThis article examines the legitimacy of sub-minimum sentencing in narcotics cases through a normative analysis of Indonesian Supreme Court Decision No. 4634 K/Pid.Sus/2023, which imposed a sentence below the statutory minimum prescribed under Article 112 of Law No. 35 of 2009. Employing a doctrinal legal method with comparative analysis and systematic literature review, the study evaluates judicial reasoning across the District Court, High Court, and Supreme Court levels. The findings indicate that, from the perspective of positive law, the decision potentially undermines the principles of legality and legal certainty due to the absence of a clear normative basis for departing from the mandatory minimum, thereby increasing the risk of sentencing disparity. Conversely, from the perspective of Islamic criminal law, the decision attains normative legitimacy within the framework of taʿzīr and maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, particularly the protection of intellect (ḥifẓ al-ʿaql), which prioritizes proportionality and rehabilitative objectives for drug users. Nevertheless, this legitimacy is procedurally weakened by the lack of objective supporting evidence, notably a medical or clinical assessment as a prerequisite for judicial ijtihād. This article proposes an integrative model in the form of a minimum evidentiary checklist and mandatory clinical assessment to ensure that judicial discretion remains legally accountable while coherently reconciling substantive justice, legal certainty, and Islamic normative principles
Beyond Moral Commitment and Binding Force: A Spectrum-Based Analysis of Memoranda of Understanding in Indonesian Contract Law
No full textMemoranda of Understanding (MoUs) are widely used in governmental and commercial practice in Indonesia, yet their legal status remains contested due to the absence of explicit regulation in the Indonesian Civil Code. This article examines the legal position of MoUs within Indonesian contract law by analyzing their normative foundations under freedom of contract, pacta sunt servanda, and their role in the pre-contractual phase. Employing a normative juridical method with doctrinal and comparative analysis, the study argues that the binding force of an MoU cannot be determined by its formal label but must be assessed based on the substantive allocation of rights and obligations, the parties’ intention to create legal relations, and compliance with Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The findings demonstrate that MoUs operate along a legal spectrum, ranging from non-binding moral commitments to instruments capable of generating contractual liability. By advancing a spectrum-based framework, this article contributes to contract law scholarship and provides normative guidance for courts and practitioners in drafting, interpreting, and enforcing MoUs
Fiqh Siyasah as an Analytical Framework for Literacy Policy Implementation: Evidence from West Lampung, Indonesia
No full textThis article employs fiqh siyasah as an analytical framework to examine the implementation of regional literacy policies in Indonesia, using West Lampung Regency Regulation No. 13 of 2021 as a case study. The analysis focuses on the institutionalization of literacy governance and the qualitative dimensions of public participation. In response to debates within public policy literature regarding the gap between formalized legal provisions for participation and meaningful deliberative practices, this study adopts a qualitative juridical-empirical approach, repositioning fiqh siyasah from a normative framework into an empirical analytical instrument. The findings indicate that the implementation of literacy policy in West Lampung operates within a hybrid governance configuration, where formal legal mandates interact dynamically with community-based initiatives through the Regional Literacy Movement. Although public participation has been institutionalized and contributes to the legitimacy and sustainability of programs, the substantive influence of community actors in strategic decision-making remains limited. By operationalizing the principles of shura and maṣlaḥah as evaluative criteria, this article underscores the analytical capacity of fiqh siyasah to assess the quality of participation and the orientation of public interest in policy implementation
Legal Protection and the Implementation of Rights of Pregnant Women in Detention: A Case Study of the Class IIA Women’s Correctional Facility in Medan, Indonesia
No full textThis study investigates the legal protection and implementation of rights for pregnant women in detention at the Class IIA Women’s Correctional Facility in Medan, Indonesia. Although Indonesian correctional law and human rights instruments provide normative guarantees, their realization is constrained by structural and institutional challenges. Using an empirical juridical approach and qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key prison staff, direct observation, and analysis of relevant legal and policy documents, including the Directorate General of Corrections’ Basic Health Service Standards. Findings indicate that while basic healthcare, medical referrals, nutritional support, and partial psychosocial services are available, their effectiveness is limited by the absence of obstetric specialists, lack of dedicated housing for pregnant detainees, budget constraints, and insufficient continuous psychosocial support. This highlights a gap between formal legal guarantees and substantive protection, demonstrating that formal equality alone cannot address the differentiated needs of pregnant detainees. Policy recommendations include measurable operational standards, intersectoral integration with local healthcare services, gender- and human rights-based staff training, and performance-oriented evaluation. The study contributes to socio-legal scholarship by emphasizing that effective protection of vulnerable groups depends on both normative frameworks and institutional capacity oriented toward human-centered justice
TINJAUAN PRINSIP ‘ADALAH TERHADAP KONTESTASI PASAR TRADISIONAL DENGAN PASAR MODERN DI BARANTI KAB. SIDENRENG RAPPANG
No full textMarket contestation refers to the competition between traditional and modern markets in Baranti to attract consumers. This study aims to understand the reality of market contestation and the application of the ‘adalah principle in market competition. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with field research as the primary approach. Data sources include primary and secondary data. Data analysis techniques include data presentation, data reduction, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this study are: (1) The competition between traditional and modern markets in Baranti, Sidenreng Rappang Regency is influenced by the existence of both market types, competition, and socio-cultural impacts. Although modern markets offer more comfort, traditional markets remain vital to the local community. Both markets can complement each other and provide significant benefits to Baranti residents if managed properly. (2) Markets in Baranti implement the ‘adalah principle in competition through three ways: enforcing fair pricing, avoiding uncertainty (gharar), and promoting ethical trading freedom. (3) The analysis of the ‘adalah principle can be realized by applying principles of transparency, objectivity, and accountabilityKontestasi pasar adalah persaingan antara pasar tradisional dan modern di baranti untuk menarik konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami realitas kontestasi serta penerapan prinsip ‘Adalah dalam persaingan pasar Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian lapangan. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik analisis data yaitu pemaparan data, reduksi data dan penarikan kesimpulan.  Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Persaingan antara pasar modern dan tradisional di Baranti, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang dipengaruhi oleh faktor keberadaan pasar tradisional, pasar modern, persaingan, dan dampak sosial budaya. Meskipun pasar modern menawarkan kenyamanan, pasar tradisional tetap penting bagi masyarakat lokal. Kedua pasar ini bisa saling melengkapi jika dikelola dengan baik, memberikan manfaat besar bagi warga Baranti. (2) Pasar di Baranti mengimplementasikan prinsip 'Adalah' dalam persaingan pasar dengan tiga cara yaitu menegakkan harga adil, menghindari ketidakpastian (gharar), dan kebebasan berdagang yang etis. (3) Analisis prinsip 'Adalah dapat diwujudkan menggunakan prinsip transparansi, prinsip objektif, dan prinsip akuntabilita
Fulfillment of Wife's Financial Support by Husband with Prisoner Status at Pangkalan Bun Class IIB Prison
No full textThe fulfillment of a wife's maintenance by a husband serving a prison sentence presents complex legal and social challenges due to limited access to productive work within correctional institutions. This study aims to analyze the legal standing of a husband's obligation to provide financial support under Islamic law and Indonesian positive law, examine the empirical reality of its fulfillment at the Pangkalan Bun Class IIB Correctional Institution, and identify alternative mechanisms to protect the economic rights of wives during the period of incarceration. Employing an empirical legal method with a socio-legal approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with prisoners' wives, family members, and correctional officers, supported by a comprehensive review of relevant legal sources. The findings indicate that while the financial obligation remains legally binding, it cannot be effectively fulfilled because inmates' work programs are predominantly rehabilitative and generate minimal income. Consequently, this study reveals a social dynamic where the financial needs of the wives are shifted to and borne by the extended family, reflecting a strong sense of social solidarity. The novelty of this research lies in its identification of the husband's family as a de facto economic protection mechanism at the local level, emerging as an alternative solution when formal legal systems fail to guarantee wives' economic rights due to structural constraints within the correctional system
Clickwrap Agreements in Indonesian FinTech Services: Legal Validity, Doctrinal Tensions, and the Limits of Enforceability under Civil Law
No full textThe rapid expansion of financial technology (FinTech) in Indonesia has transformed contractual relations through standardized electronic contracts, particularly clickwrap agreements in which consent is expressed by affirmative digital action. This article examines the legal construction and enforceability of clickwrap agreements under Law No. 1 of 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions and evaluates their validity from the perspective of Indonesian civil contract law, with reference to Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Using a doctrinal legal analysis that integrates statutory interpretation and conceptual assessment of contractual consent, the study interrogates the coherence between procedural digital validity and substantive agreement requirements. The findings reveal that although clickwrap agreements are formally recognized as binding electronic contracts, a normative tension persists between technological formalism and the civil law conception of consent as a free and informed manifestation of will. Standardized contractual architectures and information asymmetry may weaken substantive autonomy despite formal compliance. The article argues for a recalibrated enforceability framework that incorporates autonomy, transparency, and contractual fairness to support regulatory harmonization and sustainable FinTech governance