579 research outputs found
Effect of ring tension, face width, and number of rings on piston ring friction
No full textThesis (Nav. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, 1951.Includes bibliographical references.by William Comrie Gibson, Francis Avery Packer, Jr.Nav.E
La Grammatica di Categorie e Costruzioni e i sistemi di allineamento
No full textIn questo lavoro viene proposta un’applicazione del modello della Grammatica delle Categorie e Costruzioni (GCC, Simone 2006, 2007) allo studio della realizzazione dei sistemi di allineamento nelle lingue del mondo
(Dixon 1979; Comrie 1978; Mereu 2004). I tre livelli di rappresentazione individuati nella GCC (livelli cognitivo-concettuale, rappresentazionale e linguistico) vengono impiegati per descrivere le alternanze strutturali a partire da un’unica matrice cognitivo-semantica (il formato verbale). Viene, inoltre, mostrato
come i costrutti teorici di Discorso e Sistema possono essere impiegati per illustrare la relazione tra i fenomeni di uso e la caratterizzazione strutturale dei sistemi di allineamento
Resenha: Bernard Comrie; Golluscio, Lucía (2015) (eds.). Language contact and documentation. Contacto lingüístico y documentación
No full textResenha do livro "Language contact and documentation" editado por Bernard Comrie e Lucía Golluscio. O livro inclui uma coleção selecionada dos trabalhos apresentados no II Internationa Symposium on language and cultural documentation in Latim América, realizado em Buenos, Argentina, no ano de 2008
As categorias de tempo, aspecto, modo e modalidade em Boróro
No full textNeste artigo apresento uma análise alternativa à s propostas de Crowell (1979, Viana (2003a, b) e Nonato (2008) sobre as categorias de tempo, modo, modalidade e aspecto na língua Boróro (Tronco Macro-Jê, Rodrigues, 1986). A análise se baseia principalmente nos trabalhos teóricos de Comrie (1976) e Chung e Timberlake (1985) sobre tempo, nos trabalhos de Vendler (1957), Comrie (1976), Chung e Timberlake (1985) e Desclés e Guentchéva (1997) sobre aspecto e Aktionsart, nos trabalhos de Jespersen (1924), de Chung e Timberlake (1985), e de Palmer (1986) sobre modo e modalidade
Investigando na aquisição do PB a hipótese da perfectividade
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística.Esta dissertação tem como objetivo discutir a aquisição da categoria aspecto no português do Brasil (PB). Assumimos aspecto como a constituição temporal interna de uma situação (Comrie, 1976) e partimos da concepção inatista da aquisição da linguagem. Parece ser consenso na literatura sobre aquisição da linguagem que as crianças adquirindo uma língua associam de um lado passado, formas perfectivas e predicados télicos e de outro, presente, formas imperfectivas e predicados atélicos. Isso acontece no inglês, no chinês, no espanhol e em outras línguas. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é verificar se as crianças adquirindo o PB fazem, por um lado, a correlação entre formas perfectivas e predicados télicos e por outro, formas imperfectivas e predicados atélicos, associação que designamos #hipótese da perfectividade#. Para isso, analisamos sentenças produzidas pelas crianças nos tempos passado, presente e futuro e as classificamos em relação à perfectividade e à acionalidade (seguindo Vendler, 1967). Foram examinados, longitudinalmente, dados de produção espontânea de duas crianças adquirindo o PB entre as idades de 1;8 a 3;7 anos. A análise dos dados vai ao encontro da literatura sobre aquisição de aspecto: as crianças adquirindo o PB associam por um lado passado/perfectivo/télico e por outro, presente/imperfectivo/atélico e diferenciam passado e não-passado já na primeira faixa etária, 1;8 anos
On the scope of the referential hierarchy in the typology of grammatical relations
No full textIn the late seventies, Bernard Comrie was one of the first linguists to explore the effects of the referential hierarchy (RH) on the distribution of grammatical relations (GRs). The referential hierarchy is also known in the literature as the animacy, empathy or indexibability hierarchy and ranks speech act participants (i.e. first and second person) above third persons, animates above inanimates, or more topical referents above less topical referents. Depending on the language, the hierarchy is sometimes extended by analogy to rankings of possessors above possessees, singulars above plurals, or other notions. In his 1981 textbook, Comrie analyzed RH effects as explaining (a) differential case (or adposition) marking of transitive subject ("A") noun phrases in low RH positions (e.g. inanimate or third person) and of object ("P") noun phrases in high RH positions (e.g. animate or first or second person), and (b) hierarchical verb agreement coupled with a direct vs. inverse distinction, as in Algonquian (Comrie 1981: Chapter 6)
RESTRIÇÕES À ACESSIBILIDADE DAS CONSTRUÇÕES RELATIVAS EM LÍNGUAS DOS TRONCOS TUPI E MACRO-JÊ
No full textEste trabalho objetiva descrever e discutir as restrições à acessibilidade das orações relativas em línguas Tupi e Macro-Jê, buscando evidências que confirmem a revisão da Hierarquia de Acessibilidade de Keenan e Comrie (1977) proposta por Dik (1997). O trabalho pioneiro de Keenan e Comrie (1977) elege critérios essencialmente sintáticos para definir as restrições à acessibilidade das orações relativas, critérios esses facilmente criticáveis à luz de teorias de base funcionalista, que não admitem nem a supremacia nem a independência da sintaxe para a determinação dos processos linguísticos. Desse modo, as críticas à HA de Keenan e Comrie (1977) dizem respeito tanto a razões empíricas – algumas línguas não dispõem nenhuma forma de se construir orações relativas –, quanto a razões teóricas – as funções sintáticas não são universalmente relevantes. O material de análise é composto por oito línguas indígenas brasileiras e conta com descrições previamente feitas, como gramáticas e outros manuais descritivos
Relative Clauses in Kammu and the Keenan-Comrie Hierarchy
No full textThere are three relativization strategies in the Austroasiatic lang Kammu: (1) deletion of the relativized NP, (2) deletion & change of word order, & (3) pronominalization of the relativized NP. The use of these strategies for the six positions (subject, direct O, indirect O, oblique NP, genitive, & O of comparison) on the relativization hierarchy proposed by E. Keenan & B. Comrie (see LLBA 12/1, 7800627) was investigated, showing that strategy 1 is used for positions 1, 2, & 4, strategy 2 for positions 2 & 4, & strategy 3 for positions 3-6, against Keenan's & Comrie's claim that any relativization strategy should apply to a continuous segment of the hierarchy. One possible reason for this may be that the indirect O is marked by a postposition, an unusual construction in Kammu. There is an optional relative clause marker, whose function is to form restrictive relative clauses; relative clauses without this marker may be nonrestrictive or restrictive. Relativization of subjects by strategy 1 & of direct Os or oblique NPs by strategy 2 lead to the same surface structure of the relative clause. Despite this, the function of the relativized NP can normally be determined unambiguously by using both syntactic & pragmatic considerations. Another hierarchy (subject, direct O, oblique NP) is involved here, so that if a relative clause is syntactically ambiguous, the pragmatically possible NP which is highest on this hierarchy is chosen as the relativized NP
Relative Clauses in Kammu and the Keenan-Comrie Hierarchy
No full textThere are three relativization strategies in the Austroasiatic lang Kammu: (1) deletion of the relativized NP, (2) deletion & change of word order, & (3) pronominalization of the relativized NP. The use of these strategies for the six positions (subject, direct O, indirect O, oblique NP, genitive, & O of comparison) on the relativization hierarchy proposed by E. Keenan & B. Comrie (see LLBA 12/1, 7800627) was investigated, showing that strategy 1 is used for positions 1, 2, & 4, strategy 2 for positions 2 & 4, & strategy 3 for positions 3-6, against Keenan's & Comrie's claim that any relativization strategy should apply to a continuous segment of the hierarchy. One possible reason for this may be that the indirect O is marked by a postposition, an unusual construction in Kammu. There is an optional relative clause marker, whose function is to form restrictive relative clauses; relative clauses without this marker may be nonrestrictive or restrictive. Relativization of subjects by strategy 1 & of direct Os or oblique NPs by strategy 2 lead to the same surface structure of the relative clause. Despite this, the function of the relativized NP can normally be determined unambiguously by using both syntactic & pragmatic considerations. Another hierarchy (subject, direct O, oblique NP) is involved here, so that if a relative clause is syntactically ambiguous, the pragmatically possible NP which is highest on this hierarchy is chosen as the relativized NP
Growth, Structure and Prediction of the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer
No full textThe Thermal internal Boundary Layer (TIBL) is a dynamic and turbulent mesoscale feature of the coastal atmosphere that forms over the land during conditions of onshore flow. The TIBL develops as an adjustment of the atmospheric boundary layer to the discontinuities of temperature and roughness that occur at the interface between the underlying marine and terrestrial surfaces. The resulting formation of a characteristically convex mixed layer below relatively stable air aloft has serious implications for the dispersion of pollutants in shoreline environments. Although a wide range of research relating to various features of the TIBL may be found in the literature, relatively few broadly-based studies have been performed. This study has employed both airborne and surface measurements to obtain a comprehensive spatial and temporal data set, in order to elucidate aspects of the characteristic structure and behaviour of the TIBL. TIBL growth was found to follow a diurnal pattern, the initially irregular boundary becoming more uniform during the day as a steady balance between various factors was achieved. The TIBL was associated with a layer of uniform wind speed anti direction flowing perpendicular to the coastline, within which warmer temperatures and changes in relative humidity and moisture content were observed. The temperature structure of the onshore flow strongly influenced the intensity of turbulence encountered in the TIBL and the degree of entrainment aloft. Patterns of turbulent properties displayed significant increases in the TIBL, which were relatively abrupt near the surface and more gradual towards the top of the TIBL. Measurements of sensible heat flux revealed strong undulations in TIBL structure due to transitory eddies and thermal upcurrents. Certain theoretically based predictive equations of TIBL height displayed the best overall performance out of eight selected models, and some promise was shown by an empirical formulation. TIBL development was generally complex and irregular within the first few kilometres of the shore, while further inland more regular TIBL formation enabled the relatively accurate observation and prediction of TIBL height
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