28 research outputs found
STUDY OF CLASSISM AND CLASS-STRUGGLE IN CHARLES JOHNSON’S DREAMER
No full textDreamer is a novel published in 1998 by an African-American author named Charles Johson. This novel set in the Civil Rights era America in 1966. This novel told about Chaym Smith as a man who had a physical resemblance with Marthin Luther Jr. However, the issues of classism and class-struggle are portrayed in this novel especially in the figure of Chaym Smith who has a different standard of living from Marthin Luther King Jr. This research used qualitative method to analyze the novel. The theory used in this study is Marxist Criticism especially the issue of classism and class-struggle. This research analyzes the differences between the figures of Chaym Smith as a proletariat and Marthin Luther King Jr. as a bourgeois that have been potrayed in this novel. The result suggests that Chaym Smith belongs to the lower social class, he is poor and uneducated, that is why he can be simply controlled by the upper social class. Smith has to be perfectly the same with Marthin Luther King Jr in every part of King‘s life and that is the reason why Chaym Smith has been oppressed by the ideology of Marthin Luther King Jr. Moreover, King has a better standard of living than Smith. Thus, although they have a physical resemblance. The differences lead to the conflicts and clashes that also creat a class-struggle as depicted in the nove
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PENERAPAN PIDANA TINDAK PIDANA PERJUDIAN TOTO GELAP (TOGEL) (STUDI KASUS NOMOR 67/PID.B/2020/PN.GNS)
No full textHukum pidana memegang peranan penting dalam mengatur kejahatan yang dilakukan dengan berbagai modus maupun berbagai cara yang dilakukan. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana harus menjadi solusi yang tepat untuk mengeksekusi pelaku kejahatan. Beberapa bentuk kejahatan adalah Perjudian Toto Gelap yang diatur dalam Undang Undang Nomor 7 Tahun1974 Tentang penertiban Perjudian serta dalam Pasal 303 KUHP.
Metode penelitian dalam skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yaitu yuridis normatif, dalam penulisan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan teori keadilan serta kepastian hukum. Sedangkan dalam teknik pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan teknik penelitian perundang-undangan. Sumber hukum dari penelitian hukum dengan menerapkan bahan hukum primer, skunder serta tersier. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dengan studi kepustakaan, yang terkait untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut.
Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa penerapam hukum terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perjudian yang terdapat Undang Undang Nomor 7 Tahun1974 Tentang penertiban Perjudian serta dalam Pasal 303 KUHP. yang dimana perbuatan ini termasuk kedalam Tindak Pidana yang setiap perbuatan dipandang merugikan Negara serta Putusan yang diberikan oleh hakim cenderung tidak menimbulkan efek jera terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perjudian Toto Gelap.
"/"Criminal law plays an important role in regulating crimes committed using various modes and various methods. The Criminal Code must be the right solution for executing criminals. Some forms of crime are Illegal Toto Gambling which is regulated in Law Number 7 of 1974 concerning the Control of Gambling and in Article 303 of the Criminal Code.
The research method in this thesis uses a legal research method, namely normative juridical. In writing this research, the author uses the theory of justice and legal certainty. Meanwhile, this research approach uses statutory research techniques. Legal sources from legal research by applying primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Techniques for collecting legal materials using literature studies, which are related to solving these problems.
The results of the research state that the application of the law to perpetrators of criminal acts of gambling is contained in Law Number 7 of 1974 concerning the control of gambling as well as in Article 303 of the Criminal Code. where this act is included in a criminal act where every act is considered detrimental to the state and the decision given by the judge tends not to have a deterrent effect on perpetrators of the crime of Toto Gelap gambling
Sidang Ilahi Elohim dalam Mazmur 82:1
No full textIn the Old Testament Yahweh is frequently called El. The question is raised whether Yahweh was a form of the god El from the beginning or whether they were separate deities who only became equated later. They whom uphold theory Yahweh and El were conceived as separate deities holds that Yahweh was a southern storm god from Seir and so on, which was brought by the Israelites and conflated with the Jerusalem patriarchal deity.On the other side there are scholars who hold and conceived Yahweh and El as one single deity. These scholars defend this position most commonly on the grounds that no distinction between the two can be clearly found in the Hebrew Bible. The methodology used in this paper is literary – historical and social interpretations, with the main method being the "diachronic and dialectical theology of Hegel". The simple Hegelian method is: A (thesis) versus B (anti-thesis) equals C (synthesis). The author analyzes (thesis) by collecting instruments related to ancient Semitic religions; it includes data on El and Yahweh assembly obtained from Hebrew text sources and extra-biblical manuscripts which are then processed in depth. The antithesis is to analyze El's assembly development in Israel – especially in Psalm 82. While the synthesis appears in the nuances of the El's assembly believe in ancient Israel. The focus of this paper's research is to prove 2 things: first, is Psalm 82: 1, is an Israeli Psalm that uses the patterns and forms of the Canaanite Psalms; especially regarding religious systems that use the terminology of the divine council. Second, to prove that El and Yahweh in the context of this Psalm are two different gods, of which this view contradicts several ANET experts such as Michael S, Heisser who sets El and Yahweh in this text as identical gods. The results of this study attempt to prove that Israel and the Canaan contextually share the same religious system, and are seen to be separated in the Deuteronomist era with their Yahwistic reforms
Prévalence de la tuberculose et de la brucellose chez les animaux sélectionnés du projet d´appui au développement de l´élevage du Zébu maure (PRODEZEM) dans le cercle de Nara: Prevalence of tuberculosis and brucellosis in selected animals of the project to support the development of Moorish Zebu breeding (PRODEZEM) in the Nara circle
No full textIntroduction: La tuberculose et la brucellose bovines représentent des contraintes majeures au dévelop-pement de l’élevage bovin laitier au Mali. A Nara, pour fixer la race Zébu maure, le dépistage de ces deux maladies zoonotiques bovines a été entrepris sur les bovins du projet. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer leurs prévalences dans les noyaux sélectionnés. Méthodes: Une étude transversale de type descriptif a été menée sur les bovins des noyaux de zébus maures. Les tests de tuberculination et de Rose Bengale ont été effectués sur les bovins des noyaux du projet. Les prévalences de chaque maladie ont été obtenues en faisant le rapport entre le nombre de cas positif sur le nombre total d’animaux testés. Résultats: Au total, les tests de dépistage ont concerné 1112 sujets de 50 noyaux présélectionnés dans les cinq communes du cercle de Nara. Les prévalences de la tuberculose et la brucellose bovines sont respectivement de 0,90 % et de 0,27 %. Concernant la tuberculose, le maximum de cas a été observé à Niamana (4 cas) et le minimum à Guenéibe (1 cas). Par rapport à la brucellose, le maximum de cas a été enregistré dans la commune de Guiré (2 cas). Conclusion: Cette étude a montré de faibles taux d’infection de la tuberculose et de la brucellose chez les bovins du projet. L’étude a en outre permis d’avoir de nouvelles connaissances sur l’épidémiologie de ces maladies zoonotiques dans les noyaux sélectionnés du projet.
Background: Bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis are major constraints to the development of dairy cattle farming in Mali. In Nara, in order to establish the Moorish Zebu breed, screening for these two zoonotic bovine diseases was undertaken on the cattle project. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence in the selected nuclei. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on cattle in the Moorish Zebu nuclei. Tuberculin and Rose Bengal tests were carried out on cattle in the project nuclei. The prevalence of each disease were obtained as the ratio of the number of positive cases to the total number of animals tested. Results: A total of 1112 animals from 50 pre-selected nuclei in the five communes of the Nara circle were tested. The prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis were 0.90% and 0.27% respectively. As regards tuberculosis, the maximum number of cases was observed in Niamana (4 cases) and the minimum in Guenéibe (1 case). With regard to brucellosis, the maximum number of cases was recorded in the commune of Guiré (2 cases). Conclusion: This study showed low infection rates of tuberculosis and brucellosis in the project cattle. It also provided new insights into the epidemiology of these zoonotic diseases in the selected nuclei of the project
Embargo Terhadap Negara Dalam Keadaan Darurat Dan Pemenuhan Hak Asasi Manusia
No full textAn embargo is an international legal sanction in the form of prohibiting or restricting the import and export of goods or services between countries. This is triggered by conflicts made by a country where some embargo countries hope that this embargo policy can force other countries to want to jointly resolve conflicts that occur in a country that makes conflicts, The armed conflict that occurred in Syria under the Al-Assad regime caused many Syrians to be tortured and killed for demanding reforms, so that America and European Union countries implemented and imposed sanctions embargoes on the Syrian government. Article 41 of the Charter of the United Nations authorizes the UN Security Council to implement nonmilitary measures, including embargoes, in an effort to maintain or restore international peace and security. The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the treatment of embargoes on countries in emergencies that can be qualified as violations and determine the legal impact of embargoes on the fulfillment of human rights, The research method used by the author is normative law using statutory, conceptual and case approaches. The results of this study show that the use of Embargo sanctions against countries in emergencies qualifies as a violation of human rights, because it can worsen the condition of civil society and also the embargo in an emergency has violated the provisions of international law in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 which in that provision explains the inherent rights of human beings
Persistence of the historical lineage I of West Africa against the ongoing spread of the Asian lineage of peste des petits ruminants virus
No full textInternational audiencePeste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious disease of small ruminants. The causal agent, PPR virus (PPRV), is classified into four genetically distinct lineages. Lineage IV, originally from Asia, has shown a unique capacity to spread across Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Recent studies have reported its presence in two West African countries: Nigeria and Niger. Animals are frequently exchanged between Mali and Niger, which could allow the virus to enter and progress in Mali and to other West African countries. Here, PPRV samples were collected from sick goats between 2014 and 2017 in both Mali and in Senegal, on the border with Mali. Partial PPRV nucleoprotein gene was sequenced to identify the genetic lineage of the strains. Our results showed that lineage IV was present in south-eastern Mali in 2017. This is currently the furthest West the lineage has been detected in West Africa. Surprisingly, we identified the persistence at least until 2014 of the supposedly extinct lineage I in two regions of Mali, Segou and Sikasso. Most PPRV sequences obtained in this study belonged to lineage II, which is dominant in West Africa. Phylogenetic analyses showed a close relationship between sequences obtained at the border between Senegal and Mali, supporting the hypothesis of an important movement of the virus between the two countries. Understanding the movement of animals between these countries, where the livestock trade is not fully controlled, is very important in the design of efficient control strategies to combat this devastating disease
First report of phyllode rust on Acacia crassicarpa outside its native range
No full textDATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Acacia crassicarpa is a tropical tree species native to Australia, West Papua and Papua New Guinea, which has been widely used to establish plantations in the lowland humid tropics of Sumatra and Kalimantan. These trees, able to grow on sites having relatively poor nutrition, have been relatively free of serious disease problems. A rust disease infecting the phyllodes of A. crassicarpa has recently been encountered in plantations in various areas of Indonesia and Malaysia where they are not native. In this study, the rust was collected and identified as Endoraecium violae-faustiae using DNA sequence analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA. This is the first record of the rust outside its native range. Damage at present appears to be relatively mild but the pathogen could become important in the future.The RGE-FABI Tree Health Programme and the University of Pretoria.http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/efphj2023BiochemistryForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant PathologyPlant Production and Soil ScienceSDG-15:Life on lan
Quambalaria eucalypti found on Eucalyptus in Indonesia
No full textDATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT :
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.The Eucalyptus plantation industry in Indonesia has expanded rapidly during the last few decades. During routine nursery disease surveys, symptoms of a leaf and shoot blight disease were detected on Eucalyptus mother plants. Isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissues and identified using DNA sequence analyses. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolates were those of Quambalaria eucalypti. Pathogenicity tests were conducted with isolates of Q. eucalypti on clones of E. pellita and E. grandis × E. pellita hybrids. These resulted in symptoms similar to those observed on naturally infected plants. Eucalyptus genotypes tested showed variation in their susceptibility, highlighting the potential to select and breed for resistance and thus to manage future outbreaks of the disease. This is the first report of the pathogen in Indonesia as well as in Southeast Asia.Royal Golden Eagle (RGE) and the Forestry Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) at the University of Pretoria.http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/efphj2023Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)Plant Production and Soil ScienceSDG-15:Life on lan
Pandangan Teologi Tentang Teologi Reformasi dan Aplikasinya bagi Kekristenan Masa Kini
No full textTheological view is a part that has always been the most important discussion and even debate in the history of the church. Because the theological viewpoint becomes a reference for building strength of standing in Christ Jesus. Strong theology will produce a perfect understanding of the truth of God's Word. However, it cannot be denied that in the development of God's church emerged developing theologies. One of them is the emergence of Reformed Theology. Those who are quite unsettled by previous theological developments, which are no longer in accordance with the truth of God's Word. Emerging reformers included Marthin Luther, Zwingli and Calvin. There are many doctrines that are being highlighted by the Reformed Theology group such as the doctrine of salvation, the Bible doctrine, the doctrine of God, water baptism and the Lord's Supper. This research uses descriptive method, which is studying Reformation Theology and its contribution to the historical understanding of contemporary theology. The author explores the truth in theological studies supported by historical facts and literature study literature studies. A complete discussion in the historical context of the emergence of Reformed Theology, the biblical basis for thinking about the emergence of Reformed Theology, personal views on the emergence of Reformed Theology, the church's views on the emergence of Reformed Theology, acceptance of the emergence of Reformed Theology at present, strengths and weaknesses of Reformed Theology In this section Reformed theology is studied theologically correct, so that some passages that are in accordance with Bible truth can be applied in the application of today's believers to become the basis for theological strength and spiritual growth to remain true to true Bible truth.
Abstrak
Pandangan teologi merupakan bagian yang selalu menjadi pembahasan bahkan perdebatan terpenting dalam sepanjang sejarah gereja. Sebab pandangan teologi menjadi sebuah acuan untuk membangun kekuatan pendirian dalam Kristus Yesus. Teologi yang kuat akan menghasilkan sebuah pemahaman yang sempurna tentang kebenaran Firman Tuhan. Namun tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa dalam perkembangan gereja Tuhan muncul teologi-teologi yang berkembang. Salah satunya munculnya Teologi Reformasi. Yang cukup resah dengan perkembangan teologi sebelumnya, yang tidak seusai lagi dengan kebenaran Firman Tuhan. Tokoh-tokoh reformasi yang muncul seperti Marthin Luther, Zwingli dan Calvin. Banyak doktrin yang sedang disoroti oleh kelompok Teologi Reformasi seperti doktrin keselamatan, doktrin Alkitab, doktrin Allah, baptisan air dan perjamuan kudus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskritif, yaitu mempelajari tentang Teologi Reformasi dan sumbangannya dalam pemahaman sejarah teologi masa kini. Penulis menggali kebenaran-kebenaran secara studi teologis dengan didukung fakta sejarah serta penelitian studi literatur studi pustaka. Pembahasan yang secara lengkap dalam konteks sejarah munculnya Teologi Reformasi, dasar Alkitab pemikiran munculnya Teologi Reformasi, pandangan pribadi tentang munculnya Teologi Reformasi, pandangan gereja tentang munculnya Teologi Reformasi, penerimaan tentang munculnya Teologi Reformasi pada masa kini, kekuatan dan kelemahan Teologi Reformasi. Dalam bagian ini Teologi Reformasi dikaji secara teologis yang benar, sehingga beberapa bagian yang sesuai dengan kebenaran Alkitab bisa diterapkan dalam aplikasi orang percaya masa kini untuk menjadi dasar kekuatan teologi dan pertumbuhan rohani untuk tetap teguh kepada kebenaran Alkitab yang sejati
Screening clonally replicated Acacia mangium breeding populations for tolerance to Ceratocystis canker and wilt disease
No full textThree screening trials of clonally replicated Acacia mangium seedlings were evaluated for survival and lesion length following inoculation with locally collected strains of Ceratocystis in Indonesia. Tolerance in the population was low with 6.7 of the 1033 clones represented by more than 4 ramets surviving repeated inoculations. Differences in tolerance among populations were slight; however, populations with consistently higher survival and shorter lesion lengths were from Papua New Guinea rather than Queensland. Estimates of the proportion of the experimental variation attributable to differences among parents (heritability) were low to moderate for both survival and lesion length. Estimates of the proportion of the experimental variation that was attributable to differences among clones (repeatability) were greater but typically similar to the heritability estimates, indicating that initial improvements from selection will primarily be derived from identifying tolerant parents. While genetic correlations among experiments were positive, estimates could not exclude the existence of host–pathogen interactions. Two validation trials of the tolerant clones were assessed 9 months after establishment; these trials verified that one-third of the clones identified in the nursery screening were also tolerant to Ceratocystis in field trials. The experiments confirmed that nursery screening may be used to quickly focus efforts on parents that produce more tolerant progeny, screening additional seedlings to increase selection intensity rather than using clonal replication to increase accuracy would lead to greater improvements in tolerance and field trials are required to verify disease tolerance at later ages. © 2022, The Author(s)
