23 research outputs found
The Past is Another Country: Designing Amnesty Law for Past Human Rights Violators
Get PDFIn the context past gross human rights violation cases in Indonesia, the President's constitutional authority to propose amnesty law might by and large implicate legal and ethical aspects. Holistically, any forgiveness and oblivion against any human rights violators should consider the development and the dynamic of International criminal law, which arguably have been directed to an absolute individual criminal responsibility. Against this issue, this paper finds that based on legal and ethical arguments, accompanied with various technical preconditions outlined in the Belfast Guideline on Amnesty and Accountability, an amnesty towards past gross human rights violators must be taken paradigmatically. Arguably, amnesty proceeding through an independent ad hoc committee shall be able to challenge Indonesia's transitional framework, namely: to work as a historian and a jurist. This suggests that the elements of amnesty, both procedural and substantial, need to work in the area of deliberative democracy that calls for public participation and the protection of human rights
Analisis Dampak Hak Asasi Manusia atas Regulasi: Sebuah Tinjauan Metodologi
Get PDFJaminan kesesuaian undang-undang terhadap norma dan prinsip hak asasi manusia secara langsung membutuhkan sebuah mekanisme dan metodologi yang mampu memprediksi (predict) dampak produk legislasi terhadap penikmatan hak asasi manusia (human rights enjoyment) oleh setiap individu atau kelompok masyarakat. Atas dasar pemahaman tersebut, tulisan ini hendak menguraikan sekelumit peluang dan tantangan secara metodologis atas gagasan untuk merumuskan sebuah kerangka kerja analisis dampak hak asasi manusia terhadap naskah rancangan peraturan perundang-undangan. Untuk itu, tulisan ini akan dipilah ke dalam tiga bagian utama yakni: pertama, gambaran umum analisis dampak hak asasi manusia sebagai instrumen teknis dari pendekatan berbasis hak asasi manusia (human rights based approach) yang tengah berkembang sejak dasawarsa terakhir; kedua, peluang untuk meletakkan pendekatan tersebut ke dalam proses pembentukan regulasi (rule making process); dan ketiga, adalah gambaran tentang tantangan metodologis ilmu sosial dalam merumuskan cara kerja analisis dampak hak asasi manusia ke dalam tahapan pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan di tingkat nasional. Adapun tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam rangka merumuskan analisis dampak hak asasi manusia atas rancangan undang-undang, secara fundamental dalam perspektif ilmu hukum diperlukan pergeseran paradigma doctrinal gaze yang cenderung positivistik; yang kerap melanda penelitian hukum di Indonesia. Dengan meminjam metode dan teknik analisis yang dikenal dalam sains dan ilmu-ilmu sosial lainnya, dan dengan tetap berpegang pada standar reasoning penegakan hukum, maka pelbagai rupa ‘pseudo-prediction’dapat dilakukan dalam rangka menilai dampak dari sebuah rancangan undang-undang terhadap hak asasi manusia
Menuju Asean Political and Security Comunity kritik dan tantangan politik hukum HAM Indonesia dalam Regionalisme HAM Asean (To Words Asean Political and security Comunity : Critics and Chalenges on Indonesia`a Human Rights Law Politics under Asean Human Rights Regionalism)
No full texthal. 237 - 25
THE NON-DOGMATIC IMAGE OF COMPARATIVE LAW
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This study discusses the epistemological dimension of critiques of comparative law. It contends that the critiques rest upon what I call mode of differentiation, an epistemology of comparing ‘the other than’ or ‘the different from’. The argument builds upon reexamining some contemporary critical approaches to comparative law from a Deleuzian jurisprudence, a jurisprudential reflection of law as singularity and constant becoming. Particularly, this study makes the case of four modes of differentiation, i.e., distancing, perception, otherness, and movement. These modes of differentiation can be seen as comparativist-at-law’s endeavor to differentiate conscious ideas at work and to attend to the concept-creation of law and lawful relations in foreign legal systems. Accordingly, the image of comparative law must be based on three main features: (1) it seeks perceptual rather than conceptual understanding of law; (2) it is non-dogmatic in a sense that it breaks free from the transcendence in comparison, thus mapping the becoming of legal assemblages; and (3) it abandons hierarchization to the extent that comparison is directed at the openness to problematize, experiment and create. This epistemological move can largely be supportive of the interpretive account of comparative law, seen to be one of the fundamentals in advocating the critical dimension of comparative law.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini membahas dimensi epistemologis dari kritik terhadap perbandingan hukum. Penelitian ini berpendapat bahwa kritik-kritik tersebut bertumpu pada apa yang saya sebut sebagai modus diferensiasi, yaitu sebuah epistemologi yang membandingkan 'yang lain dari' atau 'yang berbeda dari'. Argumen ini dibangun dengan memeriksa kembali beberapa pendekatan kritis kontemporer terhadap hukum perbandingan dari yurisprudensi Deleuzian, sebuah refleksi yurisprudensial tentang hukum sebagai keunikan dan menjadi konstan. Secara khusus, penelitian ini membahas empat modus diferensiasi, yaitu jarak, persepsi, keanehan, dan pergerakan. Modus-modus diferensiasi ini dapat dilihat sebagai upaya para ahli perbandingan hukum untuk membedakan ide-ide yang disadari di tempat kerja dan untuk memperhatikan penciptaan konsep hukum dan hubungan-hubungan hukum dalam sistem-sistem hukum asing. Oleh karena itu, citra perbandingan hukum harus didasarkan pada tiga fitur utama: (1) mencari pemahaman perseptual daripada pemahaman konseptual tentang hukum; (2) tidak dogmatis dalam arti membebaskan diri dari transendensi dalam perbandingan, dengan demikian memetakan pembentukan kumpulan hukum; dan (3) meninggalkan hirarki sejauh perbandingan diarahkan pada keterbukaan untuk mempermasalahkan, bereksperimen, dan berkreasi. Langkah epistemologis ini sebagian besar dapat mendukung penjelasan interpretatif tentang perbandingan hukum, yang dipandang sebagai salah satu dasar dalam mengadvokasi dimensi kritis dari perbandingan hukum
PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DAN GENEALOGI HUKUM DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Get PDFThis article encapsulates the dialectics between law and science in the time of Covid-19 pandemic. It attempts to appraise the objectivity and normativity of the Health Protocol by rendering both legal and scientific characteristics. As a legal construct, the Protocol is genealogically justified from three discursive aspects of: its position between law and science, its reflection on matter and the materiality of law, and the immanent power within it. A close scrutiny towards the Protocol enables us to grasp legal objectivity and normativity not to be seen as a traditional one-way linear trajectory. In lieu, the force of law derives from plural-micro processes insisting a democratic process of knowledge in it
A Deleuzian Reading on Hart’s Internal Point of View
Get PDFReading H.L.A Hart’s internal point of view or participant’s self-understanding through Deleuzian philosophy suggests an alternate way of grasping Hart’s refutation of John Austin’s command-based theory of law. The study claims two main arguments. First, a Deleuzian investigation of participants’ self-understanding asserts the way to understand not only what law is but also what is about law, or, to be precise, what law can actually do. Therefore, Hart’s participant’s self-understanding is not simply a property of law but instead, it is a concept that uncovers the capacity of Deleuzian ‘desiring-machines’ in law’s plane of immanence. Second, by putting Hart’s concept to the initial proposition of refutation of Austinian mere habit of obedience, we can situate the participants as desiring-machine whose acceptance to rule is essentially a form of communications. That is, like a rhizome, it has no definite root/source. Self-understanding or acceptance does not stem from a particular sovereign power—it somehow reflects Deleuze’s transcendental empiricism.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v9n1.a7
SEXUALITY IN PRISON: A STUDY ON PRISONER’S BIOLOGICAL NEED FROM A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFPrisoner’s sexual need has been long a major discourse in Indonesia’s national correctional system. Up to this day, such a need is yet to be ruled under any legislative products. It is fully undoubted that the absence of legal protection upon prisoner’s sexual need may cause several negative impacts, such as sexual harassment, emotional instability, and to a certain extent family brake-ups. This research aims to discern the contstruction of prisoner’s sexual need as a right from a human rights perspective, and attempts to construe a proportional mechanism in fulfilling the right. The author used qualitative approach by interviewing prisoners, corrections officers, and other related parties, in two different locations. In conclusion, this research wraps two important points, first, sexual need as a right finds its justification derived from right to privacy and family life, right to humane treatment, and right to health and proper living. Second, there is a need for the state to arrange a mechanism in fulfiling prisoner’s sexual need based on human rights norms consideration
Transitional (in)Justice as Duration
Get PDFThis study demonstrates that the ‘transition’ in transitional jurisprudence is a collective imagination that plausibly lays upon the interaction between competing temporal narratives in ‘historical cases’—broadly understood as cases that involve the interplay between law’s temporality and historical process. The dominant view of transitional jurisprudence is inclined to consider transition as a series of discrete and fragmented events. This view, however, fails to bridge the gap between lived experience and law and policy’s mode of representation of past injustices. By contrast, this paper contends that transition should be perceived in pure temporality—transition as a flux or flow of time. This view enables legal actors to better engage in the multitude of temporalities in historical cases. This paper analyzes two issues. First, it juxtaposes the ontological perspective of time as duration and theory of adjudicative reasoning to construe ‘transition’ as a collective temporal imagination among legal actors. It manifests a theoretical basis for experiential time in law by extrapolating Postema’s legal time-mindfulness and Bergson’s duration. Second, it examines law’s distinctive virtue in micro-level agreement about the (temporal) sense of injustices. By focusing on the statutory limitation discussion in African-American Slave Descendants Litigation case in the United States, this study finds that law’s temporality is primarily contested due to the givenness of time. This article concludes that legal actors perceivably capture and disrupt persistent injustices at a micro-level by dislocating the present of atrocious lived experience
Justisiablitias Hak Ekosob Melalui Mekanisme Individual Communication dalam Optional Protocol To The International Covenant On Economic, Social And Cultural Rights
Get PDFThe individual communication mechanism enshrined under the Optional Protocol of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights could be regarded as a form of state’s commitment to make economic, social and cultural (ecosoc) rights justiciable. This paper attempts to depict several aspects of the working mechanism of individual communication exercised by the Ecosoc Rights Committee, including: admissibility of ratione personae, ratione temporis, and ratione materiae. Furthermore, analysis will be taken on the issue of whether such a mechanism could give an effective way to promote state’s compliance on ecosoc rights fulfillment. In brief, this paper concludes several points: first, the Optional Protocol is to be regarded as a compromise between the nature of the rights and the duties ruled under the Covenant; second, the Ecosoc Rights Committee shall accommodate the need of adjudicative body in order to shift the traditional view of ecosoc rights; and third, there is a need of a comprehensive coordination and cooperation amongst both treaty based and charter based human rights institutions, not only on technical issues but also on the legal interpretation method.Mekanisme komunikasi individual (individual communication) dalam Protokol Opsional Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya dapat dianggap sebagai perwujudan komitmen negara-negara dalam upaya penegakan hak ekonomi, sosial dan budaya (ekosob). Tulisan ini mencoba menggambarkan tantangan normatif mekanisme komunikasi individual yang diemban oleh Komite Hak Ekosob, meliputi: admissibility dalam tiga hal ratione personae, ratione temporis, dan ratione materiae. Selain itu, analisis akan dilakukan terhadap persoalan apakah mekanisme komunikasi individual tersebut dapat memberikan cara yang efektif untuk mempromosikan kepatuhan (compliance) negara terhadap kewajiban perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak ekosob. Adapun tulisan ini menyimpulkan beberapa hal: pertama, Protokol Opsional ICESCR ini merupakan hasil kompromis antara sifat hak-hak dengan kebutuhan untuk memenuhi kewajiban dalam ICESCR; kedua, Komite Hak Ekosob akan mendukung kebutuhan terhadap lembaga ajudikasi dalam rangka memperjelas cara pandang tradisional terhadap hak-hak ekonomi, sosial dan budaya; dan ketiga, diperlukan sebuah koordinasi yang komprehensif dan kerjasama dengan institusi hak asasi manusia yang lainnya, baik yang bersifat treaty based ataupun badan-badan khusus PBB, tidak hanya dalam masalah teknis tetapi juga dalam cara menafsirkan hukum
Problematika Hak menentukan nasib sendiri : mengurai hubungan antara regulasi dan konflik sumber daya alam di Papua
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