130,614 research outputs found
Efisiensi Pemasaran Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Varietas Calina Ipb-9 (suatu Kasus di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar)
No full textTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) Saluran pemasaran pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina IPB-9 di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar, 2) Besarnya marjin pemasaran di tiap lembaga pemasaran pada pemasaran buah pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina IPB-9 di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar, 3) Besarnya bagian harga (farmer's share) yang diterima petani pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina IPB-9 dari harga yang dibayar konsumen di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar, dan 4) Efisiensi pemasaran buah pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina IPB-9 di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar dengan menggunakan metode survai. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan untuk lokasi/daerah penelitian adalah teknik purposive sampling, untuk petani adalah teknik Simple Random Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 33 responden, dan lembaga pemasaran dilakukan dengan cara snowballs sampling. Untuk menjawab permasalahan pertama yaitu untuk mengetahui saluran pemasaran pepaya dilakukan anaisis secara deskriptif. Untuk menjawab permasalahan kedua, ketiga dan keempat yaitu menggunakan perhitungan dari Alhusniduki (2007). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Saluran pemasaran pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina- IPB9 di Kecamatan Langensari, terbagi menjadi empat saluran yaitu : a) Saluran I: dari petani kepedagang besar, ke pedagang pengecer, lalu ke konsumen. b) Saluran II: dari petani ke pedagang pengumpul, lalu ke pedagang besar kemudian ke pedagang pengecer, lalu ke konsumen. c) Saluran III: dari petani ke pedagang pengumpul ke pedagang pengecer, lalu ke konsumen. d) Saluran IV: dari petani ke pedagang pengecer, lalu ke konsumen. 2) Marjin pemasaran pada saluran I untuk pedagang besar sebesar Rp 750/kg dan untuk pedagang pengecerRp 1.000/kg, saluran II untuk pedagang pengumpul sebesar Rp 500/kg, pedagang besar sebesar Rp 500/kg, dan untuk pedagang pengecer Rp 1.000/kg saluran III untuk pedagang pengumpul sebesar Rp 750/kg dan untuk pedagang pengecer Rp 1.250/kg, dan saluran IV untuk pedagang pengecer Rp 1.250/kg, 3) Besarnya bagian harga (farmer's share) yang diterima petani pepaya(Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina IPB-9 dari harga yang dibayar konsumen di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar pada saluran I sebesar 50,00%, saluran II sebesar 42,86%, saluran III sebesar 42,86%, dan saluran IVsebesar 64,29%. 4) Efisiensi pemasaran pada Saluran I sebesar 18,57 persen, Saluran II sebesar 25,71 persen, Saluran III sebesar 21,39 persen, dan Saluran IV sebesar 12,29 persen. Keempat saluran pemasaran tersebut sudah efisien, karena nilai efisiensipemasarannya kurang dari 34% (0-33%)
EFISIENSI PEMASARAN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) VARIETAS CALINA IPB-9 (Suatu Kasus di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar)
No full textTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) Saluran pemasaran pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina IPB-9 di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar, 2) Besarnya marjin pemasaran di tiap lembaga pemasaran pada pemasaran buah pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina IPB-9 di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar, 3) Besarnya bagian harga (farmer’s share) yang diterima petani pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina IPB-9 dari harga yang dibayar konsumen di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar, dan 4) Efisiensi pemasaran buah pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina IPB-9 di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar dengan menggunakan metode survai. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan untuk lokasi/daerah penelitian adalah teknik purposive sampling, untuk petani adalah teknik Simple Random Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 33 responden, dan lembaga pemasaran dilakukan dengan cara snowballs sampling. Untuk menjawab permasalahan pertama yaitu untuk mengetahui saluran pemasaran pepaya dilakukan anaisis secara deskriptif. Untuk menjawab permasalahan kedua, ketiga dan keempat yaitu menggunakan perhitungan dari Alhusniduki (2007). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Saluran pemasaran pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina- IPB9 di Kecamatan Langensari, terbagi menjadi empat saluran yaitu : a) Saluran I: dari petani kepedagang besar, ke pedagang pengecer, lalu ke konsumen. b) Saluran II: dari petani ke pedagang pengumpul, lalu ke pedagang besar kemudian ke pedagang pengecer, lalu ke konsumen. c) Saluran III: dari petani ke pedagang pengumpul ke pedagang pengecer, lalu ke konsumen. d) Saluran IV: dari petani ke pedagang pengecer, lalu ke konsumen. 2) Marjin pemasaran pada saluran I untuk pedagang besar sebesar Rp 750/kg dan untuk pedagang pengecerRp 1.000/kg, saluran II untuk pedagang pengumpul sebesar Rp 500/kg, pedagang besar sebesar Rp 500/kg, dan untuk pedagang pengecer Rp 1.000/kg saluran III untuk pedagang pengumpul sebesar Rp 750/kg dan untuk pedagang pengecer Rp 1.250/kg, dan saluran IV untuk pedagang pengecer Rp 1.250/kg, 3) Besarnya bagian harga (farmer’s share) yang diterima petani pepaya(Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina IPB-9 dari harga yang dibayar konsumen di Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar pada saluran I sebesar 50,00%, saluran II sebesar 42,86%, saluran III sebesar 42,86%, dan saluran IVsebesar 64,29%. 4) Efisiensi pemasaran pada Saluran I sebesar 18,57 persen, Saluran II sebesar 25,71 persen, Saluran III sebesar 21,39 persen, dan Saluran IV sebesar 12,29 persen. Keempat saluran pemasaran tersebut sudah efisien, karena nilai efisiensipemasarannya kurang dari 34% (0-33%).Kata kunci : Efisiensi pemasaran, pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas Calina IPB-
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Unraveling the roles of Vitamin D status and melanin during COVID-19 (Review)
No full textAs the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) continues to spread worldwide, it has become evident that the morbidity and mortality rates clearly vary across nations. Although several factors may account for this disparity, striking differences within and between populations indicate that ethnicity might impact COVID-19 clinical outcomes, reflecting the 'color of disease'. Therefore, the role of key biological variables that could interplay with viral spreading and severity indices has attracted increasing attention, particularly among non-C aucasian populations. Although the links between vitamin D status and the incidence and severity of COVID-19 remain elusive, several lines of emerging evidence suggest that vitamin D signaling, targeting several immune-mediated pathways, may offer potential benefits at different stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given that the vitamin D status is modulated by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including skin type (pigmentation), melanin polymers may also play a role in variable COVID- 19 outcomes among diverse population settings. Moreover, apart from the well-known limiting effects of melanin on the endogenous production of vitamin D, the potential crosstalk between the pigmentary and immune system may also require special attention concerning the current pandemic. The present review article aimed to shed light on a range of mostly overlooked host factors, such as vitamin D status and melanin pigments, that may influence the course and outcome of COVID- 19. © This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License
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