22,494 research outputs found
How good are rodent models of carcinogenesis in predicting efficacy in humans? A systematic review and meta-analysis of colon chemoprevention in rats, mice and men
No full textTumours in rodent and human colon share many histological and genetic features. To know if rodent models of colon carcinogenesis are good predictors of chemopreventive efficacy in humans, we made a meta-analysis of aspirin, beta-carotene, calcium, and wheat bran studies. Controlled intervention studies of adenoma recurrence in human volunteers were compared with chemoprevention studies of carcinogen-induced tumours in rats, and of polyps in Min (Apc(+/-)) mice: 6714 volunteers, 3911 rats and 458 mice were included in the meta-analyses. Difference between models was small since most global relative risks were between 0.76 and 1.00. A closer look showed that carcinogen-induced rat studies matched human trials for aspirin, calcium, carotene, and were compatible for wheat bran. Min mice results were compatible with human results for aspirin, but discordant for calcium and wheat bran (no carotene study). These few results suggest that rodent models roughly predict effect in humans, but the prediction is not accurate for all agents. Based on three cases only, the carcinogen-induced rat model seems better than the Min mouse model. However, rodent studies are useful to screen potential chemopreventive agents, and to study mechanisms of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention
Isolation, Cellulase Activity Test and Molecular Identification of Selected Cellulolytic Bacteria Indigenous Rice Bran
No full textRice bran is the waste product of rice milling which is abundant in Indonesia, it can be used as a raw material for the manufacture of bioethanol by fermentation. Before being fermented, rice bran must be hydrolyzed into glucose by biomass degrading. This study was aimed to isolate indigenous cellulolytic bacteria from rice bran as producer of cellulolytic enzymes and resulted in 22 bacterial isolates that demonstrated cellulolytic activity being identified. Among them, BE 8 and BE 14 isolates showed the highest endoglucanase activity at 2.16 and 1.31 U/mL respectively. Identification of the 16S rDNA showed that BE 8 belongs to Bacillus subtilis and BE 14 in Bacillus cereus
Protecting Animals 36: Author Witi Ihimaera
No full textIn this very special episode of Knowing Animals I am joined by beloved New Zealand author Witi Ihimaera. Witi has written many books featuring nonhuman animals. He offers us a non-colonial lens through which to think about the human/nonhuman relationship
Amylase Recovery From Mouldy Bran Of Aspergillus niger AM07
No full textA simple and efficient laboratory procedure for the recovery of amylase from the moist mouldy bran obtained during a solid-state fermentation (SSF) process is described. Aspergillus niger AM07 was used in the production of amylase and recovery of the amylase from mouldy bran was effected under agitated (150 rpm) and static conditions using water and citrate phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) as solvent. Recovery was significantly (p=0.05) dependent on the solvent, mechanical agitation and contact time. The highest recovery (628 U/ml) obtained with citrate phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) as solvent was significantly higher than 588 U/ml obtained with tap water. Maximum recovery under mechanical agitation and static condition were 628 U/ml and 570 U/ml respectively. The overall maximum recovery (628 U/ml) was obtained with citrate phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) and agitation for 1 h.
Key words: Amylase, mouldy bran, agitation, static, buffer and tap water.
Nigerian Food Journal Vol.22 2004: 60-6
Effects of oat bran, rice bran, wheat fiber, and wheat germ on postprandial lipemia in healthy adults
No full textInternational audienceSix normolipidemic males ingested on separate days a low-fiber test meal [2.8 g dietary fiber (TDF)] containing 70 g fat and 756 mg cholesterol, enriched or not with 10 g TDF as oat bran, rice bran, or wheat fiber or 4.2 g TDF as wheat germ. Fasting and postmeal blood samples were obtained for 7 h and chylomicrons were isolated. Adding fibers to the test meal induced no change in serum glucose or insulin responses. The serum triglyceride response was lower (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the presence of oat bran, wheat fiber, or wheat germ and chylomicron triglycerides were reduced with wheat fiber. All fiber sources reduced chylomicron cholesterol. Cholesterolemia decreased postprandially for 6 h and was further lowered in the presence of oat bran. Serum apolipoprotein (apo) A-1 and apo B concentrations were not affected. Thus, dietary fibers from cereals may reduce postprandial lipemia in humans to a variable extent
Lipid components and oxidative status of selected specialty oils
No full textMany vegetable oils are marketed as specialty oils
because of their retained flavors, tastes and distinct
characteristics. Specialty oil samples which were commercially produced and retailed were purchased from local superstores
in Reading, UK, and Uppsala, Sweden and profiled for detailed
lipid composition and oxidative status. These oil samples
include: almond, hazelnut, walnut, macadamia nut, argan,
avocado, grape seed, roasted sesame, rice bran, cold
pressed, organic and cold pressed, warm pressed and refined
rapeseed oils. The levels of PV were quite low (0.5-1.3mEq
O2
/kg) but AV and Rancimat values at 100°C (except for
rapeseed oils) varied considerably at (0.5-15.5) and (4.2-37.0
h) respectively. Macadamia nut oil was found to be the most
stable oil followed by argan oil, while walnut oil was the least
stable. Among the specialty oils, macadamia nut oil had the
lowest (4%) and walnut oil had the highest (71%) level of total
PUFA. The organic cold pressed rapeseed oil had considerably
lower PUFA (27%) compared with other rapeseed oils (28-
35%). In all the samples, α- and γ- tocopherols were the major
tocopherols; nut oils had generally lower levels. Total sterols
ranged from 889 to 15,106 µg/g oil. The major sterols were
β-sitosterol (61-85%) and campesterol (6-20%). Argan oil
contained schottenol (35%) and spinasterol (32%). Compared
with literature values, no marked differences were observed
among the differently processed, organically grown or cold
pressed rapeseed oils and other specialty oils in this study
Comparison of Different Physical Technique-Assisted Alkali Methods for the Extraction of Rice Bran Protein and its Characterizations
No full textAbstractUltrasonic, homogenization and microwave were used to assist alkali extraction of rice bran protein, respectively, and the characterizations of rice bran protein were also evaluated. The results of this study showed that the highest extraction yield of protein reached 57.89 % by using ultrasonic-assisted alkali method (U-AM), while only it was 43.74 % by microwave-assisted alkali method (M-AM). Both U-AM and homogenization-assisted alkali methods (H-AM) could effectively improve some properties of proteins such as oil absorption capacity, emulsion stability and foaming capacity, and the effects of ultrasonic were better than those of homogenization. However, protein solubility, water absorption capacity, emulsifying activity and foaming stability were subject to different degrees of impairments by using various physical technique-assisted alkali methods (AMs). Moreover, physical processing also has exhibited appreciable influence on sulfhydryl and disulfide bond contents. Taking all these factors into consideration, ultrasonic-assisted alkali method was a potential method for the extraction of rice bran protein.</jats:p
1H NMR Evaluation of Polar and Nondeuterated Ionic Liquids for Selective Extraction of Cellulose and Xylan from Wheat Bran
No full textCellulose and xylan, extracted from wheat bran with polar ionic liquids (ILs), were quantified using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Both No-D NMR and solvent suppression techniques were applied to realize direct analysis of extracts in nondeuterated ILs. As models of extracts, mixtures of cellulose and xylan dissolved in ILs were measured with 1H NMR spectroscopy. There was a linear relation between mixing ratio and specific peak area of each polysaccharide. Extracts from bran in ILs were analyzed with the obtained calibration curve. This NMR analysis was confirmed to be applicable to three representative ILs used for extraction of polysaccharides. A relation between extracted amount and extraction conditions was obtained. © 2014 American Chemical Society.Embargo Period 12 months金沢大学ナノマテリアル研究所 / 金沢大学理工研究域生命理工学系journal articl
I Think I Am Philip K. Dick
No full textFor years, noted writer Laurence A. Rickels often found himself compared to novelist Philip K. Dickthough in fact Rickels had never read any of the science fiction writers work. When he finally read his first Philip K. Dick novel, while researching for his recent book The Devil Notebooks , it prompted a prolonged immersion in Dicks writing as well as a recognition of Rickelss own long-documented intellectual pursuits. The result of this engagement is I Think I Am: Philip K. Dick , a profound thought experiment that charts the wide relevance of the pulp sci-fi author and paranoid visionary. I Think I Am: Philip K. Dick explores the science fiction authors meditations on psychic reality and psychosis, Christian mysticism, Eastern religion, and modern spiritualism. Covering all of Dicks science fiction, Rickels corrects the lack of scholarly interest in the legendary Californian author and, ultimately, makes a compelling case for the philosophical and psychoanalytic significance of Philip K. Dicks popular and influential science fiction.Intro -- Contents -- Introjection -- Part I -- Endopsychic Allegories -- Schreber Guardian -- Belief System Surveillance -- Part II -- Deeper Problems -- Veil of Tears -- Go West -- Dick Manfred -- Timing -- Glimmung -- Part III -- Spiritualism Analogy -- Imitating the Dead -- Indexical Layer -- Ilse -- Hammers and Things -- Crucifictions -- Over There -- Martyrology -- Can't Live, Can't Live -- Lola -- Umwelt, Mitwelt, and Eigenwelt -- Outer Race -- The German Introject -- Part IV -- Materialism, Idealism, and Cybernetics -- Startling Stories -- A Couple of Years -- Android Empathy -- Homunculus and Robot -- ALL OF YOU ARE DEAD. I AM ALIVE. -- Go with the Flow -- Part V -- Room for Thought -- Caduceus -- Jump -- Still -- A Wake -- Spätwerk -- Let the Dead Be -- Play Bally -- Das Hund -- Notes -- BibliographyFor years, noted writer Laurence A. Rickels often found himself compared to novelist Philip K. Dickthough in fact Rickels had never read any of the science fiction writers work. When he finally read his first Philip K. Dick novel, while researching for his recent book The Devil Notebooks , it prompted a prolonged immersion in Dicks writing as well as a recognition of Rickelss own long-documented intellectual pursuits. The result of this engagement is I Think I Am: Philip K. Dick , a profound thought experiment that charts the wide relevance of the pulp sci-fi author and paranoid visionary. I Think I Am: Philip K. Dick explores the science fiction authors meditations on psychic reality and psychosis, Christian mysticism, Eastern religion, and modern spiritualism. Covering all of Dicks science fiction, Rickels corrects the lack of scholarly interest in the legendary Californian author and, ultimately, makes a compelling case for the philosophical and psychoanalytic significance of Philip K. Dicks popular and influential science fiction.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Equilibrium Data For The System Rice Bran Oil + Fatty Acids + Ethanol + Water At 298.2 K
No full textThis work presents experimental data for the model system refined rice bran oil + commercial oleic acid + ethanol + water at 298.2 K. These data were correlated by the NRTL and UNIQUAC models, with a global deviation of approximately 0.7% for both models. The equilibrium of crude rice bran oil + aqueous ethanol was predicted with success using the adjusted interaction parameters, with deviation between calculated and experimental results not higher than 0.54%. The results showed that the addition of water to the solvent increases the solvent selectivity, reducing the losses of neutral oil and nutraceutical compounds, and expands the region of phase splitting, allowing the refining of highly acidic crude rice bran oils by solvent extraction.482367373Rukmini, C., Chemical, nutritional and toxicological studies of rice bran oil (1988) Food Chem., 30, pp. 257-268Deckere, E.A.M., Korver, O., Minor constituents of rice bran oil as functional foods (1996) Nutr. 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