2,385 research outputs found
Current concepts on oxidative/carbonyl stress, inflammation and epigenetics in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Full text linkChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. The current therapies for COPD are poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are bronchodilators. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the development of novel therapies. In the present review, we have discussed the roles of oxidative/aldehyde stress, inflammation/immunity, and chromatin remodeling in the pathogenesis of COPD. An imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants caused by cigarette smoke and other pollutants/biomass fuels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB), autophagy and unfolded protein response leading to chronic lung inflammatory response. Cigarette smoke also activates canonical/alternative NF-κB pathways and their upstream kinases leading to sustained inflammatory response in lungs. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been shown to be critical for the development of COPD because the expression/activity of enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications have been reported to be abnormal in airways of COPD patients. Hence, the significant advances made in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD as described herein will identify novel therapeutic targets for intervention in COPD
Environmental toxicity, redox signaling and lung inflammation:the role of glutathione
Full text linkGlutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant thiol and is central to redox defense during oxidative stress. GSH metabolism is tightly regulated and has been implicated in redox signaling and also in protection against environmental oxidant-mediated injury. Changes in the ratio of the reduced and disulfide form (GSH/GSSG) can affect signaling pathways that participate in a broad array of physiological responses from cell proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis to gene expression that involve H(2)O(2) as a second messenger. Oxidative stress due to oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and also due to environmental oxidants is an important component during inflammation and respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and asthma. It is known to activate multiple stress kinase pathways and redox-sensitive transcription factors such as Nrf2, NF-kappaB and AP-1, which differentially regulate the genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the protective antioxidant genes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms for the induction of antioxidants, such as GSH, versus pro-inflammatory mediators at sites of oxidant-directed injuries may allow for the development of novel therapies which will allow pharmacological manipulation of GSH synthesis during inflammation and oxidative injury. This article features the current knowledge about the role of GSH in redox signaling, GSH biosynthesis and particularly the regulation of transcription factor Nrf2 by GSH and downstream signaling during oxidative stress and inflammation in various pulmonary diseases. We also discussed the current therapeutic clinical trials using GSH and other thiol compounds, such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine, fudosteine, carbocysteine, erdosteine in environment-induced airways disease
Dietary polyphenols mediated regulation of oxidative stress and chromatin remodeling in inflammation
Full text linkPEMIKIRAN FAZLUR RAHMAN TENTANG PENDIDIKAN DAN RELEVANSINYA DALAM DUNIA MODERN
Full text linkPragmatic education thought-instrumental is a philosophic point of view that blends with the religious viewpoint of abstract speculation in outlining the education. One of renewing Islamic education is Fazlur Rahman. According to him, the goal of Islamic education are as renewal which is the initial step in the Islamization for all aspects of human life.
The study of library (library research) i.e. research sourced from material libraries using a qualitative approach. In this case, the author does exploration of a number of primary data as well as secondary data. The author does an analysis of the concept of Islamic education prespective Fazlur Rahman and relevance against the modern world.
The concept of educational thought Fazlur Rahman i.e. the Qur\u27an as a guide in resolving every problem and the answer and make the human person that are creative, have moral values in accordance with the Qur\u27an. Whereas, education as an alternative to the secular science by receiving updates and tried to enter it with Islamic concepts as for Islamic education renewal effort started from the educational objectives, educational system, learners, educators and the means of education. The relevance of educational thought on modern world Fazlur Rahman now is integration between religion and discrimination through public education, omission of religion and public education, this has been done wrong by the College namely IAIN with try to follow the thinking of education Fazlur Rahman dare change the State Islamic University (UIN)
PEMIKIRAN FAZLUR RAHMAN TENTANG PENDIDIKAN DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN DUNIA MODERN
Full text linkAbstrakFazlur Rahman is one of the renewal figures in the Islamic world who contributes to develop and lure Muslim scholars in the world so that they are moved to continue their struggle to advance the quality of education, especially in the Islamic world. So in this study, the author tries to present how the role of Fazlur Rahman in developing Islamic education in the Islamic world is devoted to his thinking. The method in this study uses analytical methods with thought data processes. Alignment in the development and contribution of a Fazlur Rahman was finally stated and in line with the Constitution of the National Education System No. 20 of 2003, through its articles. In the hope that harmony can advance the quality of National education, so that Fazlur Rahman's dream of developing Islamic education can be realized in the State of Indonesia. Keywords: Fazlur Rahman, Education, Relevance, Modern Worl
The Rahman Polynomials Are Bispectral
No full textIn a very recent paper, M. Rahman introduced a remarkable family of polynomials in two variables as the eigenfunctions of the transition matrix for a nontrivial Markov chain due to M. Hoare and M. Rahman. I indicate here that these polynomials are bispectral. This should be just one of the many remarkable properties enjoyed by these polynomials. For several challenges, including finding a general proof of some of the facts displayed here the reader should look at the last section of this paper.This paper is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue ‘Integrable Systems and Related Topics’. I am very thankful to a couple of referees who read the paper with great care and pointed out typos as well as ways to improve the presentation. The author was supported in part by NSF Grant # 0603901
The Rahman Polynomials Are Bispectral
Full text linkIn a very recent paper, M. Rahman introduced a remarkable family of polynomials in two variables as the eigenfunctions of the transition matrix for a nontrivial Markov chain due to M. Hoare and M. Rahman. I indicate here that these polynomials are bispectral. This should be just one of the many remarkable properties enjoyed by these polynomials. For several challenges, including finding a general proof of some of the facts displayed here the reader should look at the last section of this paper.This paper is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue ‘Integrable Systems and Related Topics’. I am very thankful to a couple of referees who read the paper with great care and pointed out typos as well as ways to improve the presentation. The author was supported in part by NSF Grant # 0603901
The Rahman Polynomials Are Bispectral
No full textIn a very recent paper, M. Rahman introduced a remarkable family of polynomials in two variables as the eigenfunctions of the transition matrix for a nontrivial Markov chain due to M. Hoare and M. Rahman. I indicate here that these polynomials are bispectral. This should be just one of the many remarkable properties enjoyed by these polynomials. For several challenges, including finding a general proof of some of the facts displayed here the reader should look at the last section of this paper.This paper is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue ‘Integrable Systems and Related Topics’. I am very thankful to a couple of referees who read the paper with great care and pointed out typos as well as ways to improve the presentation. The author was supported in part by NSF Grant # 0603901
KONSEP MANUSIA DALAM PANDANGAN FAZLUR RAHMAN
Full text linkHumans as creatures full of mysteries are very interesting to study because they have never been fully understood and have never been satisfied with the answers of good thinkers among Islamic thinkers, much of the discussion is found in philosophy of theology and Sufism.
Research on this thesis, the author tries to explain the human concept of Fazlur Rahman. Fazlur Rahman who lived in the era of modernism and could not be separated from the Western world which influenced his thinking. As for what is discussed in this human concept problem is the purpose of human creation on this earth and his nature as a moral human being.
Studies on human concepts both in general and those that depart from the understanding of a thinker, have actually been written a lot. However, starting from the literature review that the author did, there are still several discussions that still need to be studied further. Of all the research on Fazlur Rahman's works, no one has discussed human problems as the theme of this research.
This thesis research uses the library study method and data processing techniques using descriptive methods by collecting various library data related to the theme of Fazlur Rahman's thoughts, mainly about human concepts and related to humanitarian problems that occur in Indonesia. Ideally aware of its nature but its application is still very far from ideal.
In formulating this human concept problem, the author departs from one of Fazlur Rahman's works entitled "the main theme of the Qur'an" so the writer tries to classify Fazlur Rahman's thoughts about humans. The results of this thesis find that humans according to Fazlur Rahman are servants and caliphs are God's representatives on this earth. Fazlur Rahman's concept of humans is still relevant in Indonesia today
Reynolds number effect on 3D turbulent offset jet reattaching to a free surface
No full textExperimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of Reynolds number on 3D offset jet reattaching to above free surface. Sharp edged square nozzle was used to produce the jets, and the measurements were performed at the following six different Reynolds numbers: 2300, 3700, 5100, 7900, 10300 and 11900. Detailed velocity measurements were made in the symmetry plane. From the PIV data, the mean velocity and turbulence statistics were obtained to study the effects of Reynolds number on the salient features of the jet flow. Preliminary results on streamwise mean velocity decay along the nozzle centerline, contours of streamwise mean velocity and Reynolds shear stress are presented herein
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