332,021 research outputs found
Body, time, and the others: African-American anthropology and the rewriting of ethnographic conventions in the ethnographies by Zora Neale Hurston and Katherine Dunham
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This research looks at the ethnographies Mules and Men (1935) and Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica (1938) by Zora Neale Hurston focusing on representations of Time and the anthropologist’s body. Hurston was an African-American anthropologist, folklorist, and novelist who conducted research particularly between the end of the 1920s and the mid-1930s. At first, her fieldwork and writings dealt with African-American communities in Florida and Hoodoo practice in Louisiana, but she consequently expanded her field of anthropological interests to Jamaica and Haiti, which she visited between 1936 and 1937. The temporal and bodily factors in Hurston’s works are taken into consideration as coordinates of differentiation between the ethnographer and the objects of her research. In her ethnographies, the representation of the anthropologist’s body is analysed as an attempt at reducing temporal distance in ethnographical writings paralleled by the performative experience of fieldwork exemplified by Hurston’s storytelling: body, voice, and the dialogic representation of fieldwork relationships do not guarantee a portrayal of the anthropological subject on more egalitarian terms, but cast light on the influence of the anthropologist both in the practice and writing of ethnography. These elements are analysed in reference to the visualistic tradition of American anthropology as ways of organising difference and ascribing the anthropological ‘Others’ to a temporal frame characterised by bodily and cultural features perceived as ‘primitive’ and, therefore, distant from modernity. Representations and definitions of ‘primitiveness’ and ‘modernity’ not only shaped both twentieth-century American anthropology and the modernist arts (Harlem Renaissance), but also were pivotal for the creation of a modern African-American identity in its relation to African history and other black people involved in the African diaspora. In the same years in which Hurston visited Jamaica and Haiti, another African-American woman anthropologist and dancer, Katherine Dunham, conducted fieldwork in the Caribbean and started to look at it as a source of inspiration for the emerging African-American dance as recorded in her ethnographical and autobiographical account Island Possessed (1969). Therefore, Hurston’s and Dunham’s representations of Haiti are examined as points of intersection for the different discourses which both widened and complicated their understanding of what being ‘African’ and ‘American’ could mean.Isambard Research Scholarship from Brunel University and grant from Allan & Nesta Ferguson Charitable Trust
L\u27African American English di Zora Neale Hurston
No full textL’esperienza di antropologa di Zora anticipa quella di letterata e saggista. In Mules and Men (scritto nel 1932 e pubblicato nel 1935, solo dopo la pubblicazione di Jonah’s Gourd Vine, 1934, quasi a sancire la priorità della vocazione di scrittrice su quella di antropologa) Zora dimostra la tesi che il folkore dei neri è eversivo e non evasivo. E, non a caso, Mules and Men, ha un ruolo centrale in quella che potremmo definire la “Hurston Renaissance”: dopo averlo letto Robert Hemeneway scriverà Zora Neale Hurston, a literary biography, riscattando la Hurston da un lungo oblio.L’esperienza di antropologa di Zora anticipa quella di letterata e saggista. In Mules and Men (scritto nel 1932 e pubblicato nel 1935, solo dopo la pubblicazione di Jonah’s Gourd Vine, 1934, quasi a sancire la priorità della vocazione di scrittrice su quella di antropologa) Zora dimostra la tesi che il folkore dei neri è eversivo e non evasivo. E, non a caso, Mules and Men, ha un ruolo centrale in quella che potremmo definire la “Hurston Renaissance”: dopo averlo letto Robert Hemeneway scriverà Zora Neale Hurston, a literary biography, riscattando la Hurston da un lungo oblio
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'A daughter come home?': the travel writings of Colleen J. McElroy
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Lendo Zora Hurston: a obra Mules and Men e sua relação com a teoria e a história da antropologia
No full textAproximando-me de iniciativas que têm buscado tensionar os processos excludentes que permeiam a fixidez irrepreensível dos cânones antropológicos, nesse ensaio, proponho um caminho alternativo ao quadro de leituras branco e masculino que usualmente caracteriza os primeiros anos de contato com a teoria antropológica na universidade. Apresento uma leitura sobre a obra Mules and Men de Zora Hurston - intelectual negra estadunidense e aluna pouco lembrada de Franz Boas, “pai” da antropologia cultural norte-americana. Partindo da disputa em torno da classificação do livro ao longo do tempo, busco indicar a forma como a obra dialogou com as teorias em voga no período, recuperando eventos e debates que nos permitirão visualizar como o trabalho de Zora Hurston acabou sendo pouco reconhecido pelos antropólogos da época, resultando em um longo período de apagamento de suas contribuições à disciplina.Acercándome a las iniciativas que han tratado de abordar los procesos excluyentes que impregnan la fijeza sin censura de los cánones antropológicos, en este ensayo propongo una vía alternativa al marco de lectura blanco y masculino que suele caracterizar los primeros años de contacto con la teoría antropológica en la universidad. Presento una lectura de la obra "Mulas y hombres" de Zora Hurston, intelectual negra estadounidense y alumna poco recordada de Franz Boas, el "padre" de la antropología cultural estadounidense. Partiendo de la disputa por la clasificación del libro a lo largo del tiempo, busco indicar cómo la obra dialogó con las teorías en boga en la época, recuperando eventos y debates que nos permitirán visualizar cómo la obra de Zora Hurston terminó siendo poco reconocida por los antropólogos de la época, resultando en un largo período de borrado de sus aportes a la disciplina.In this essay, seeking to highlight the exclusionary processes that shape the irreproachable fixity of the anthropological canons, I propose an alternative to the white and male reading framework that usually characterizes the first years of contact with anthropological theory at the university in Brazil. I present a reading on “Mules and Man”, a book by Zora Hurston, an African American intellectual and a little recognized student of Franz Boas, “father” of the Cultural Anthropology. Starting from the dispute on the classification of the book over time, I seek to indicate how the author dialogued with the anthropological theories of the period, recovering events and debates that will allow us to see how Zora Hurston\u27s work ended up being little recognized by anthropologists of the time, resulting in a long period of invisibility of her contributions to the discipline
A Victim and a Fighter: Vulnerability and Strength in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God and Alice Walker’s The Color Purple
No full textreservedThe aim of this thesis is to defend the view that a woman can be both a victim and a fighter. Janie, Zora Neale Hurston’s heroine, and Celie, the protagonist of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple, are perfect examples of this ambivalence. Nobody can deny that they are victims, indeed, as young black women, they suffered violence and injustices, but this is not what defines them. They refuse to identify only as victims because they encompass far more than that. They fight for the right to self-definition, for the right to be truly seen, not merely as survivors but as resilient women who improved their lives, who fell and rose again, who embraced their vulnerabilities and drew strength from one another to overcome an enemy that seemed unbeatable. Janie and Celie are not flawless; they do not always have the strength to confront and overcome their oppression. They make mistakes, experience highs and lows, and possess both strengths and weaknesses. Yet, it is precisely these qualities that make them profoundly human and beautiful. Their imperfections and vulnerabilities highlight their humanity, making their stories and struggles deeply relatable and impactful. Let this thesis be a celebration of the strength of black women and their resilience in the face of the myriad adversities they have endured. From the horrors of slavery to ongoing systemic injustices, black women have demonstrated remarkable courage and fortitude. Their stories are not just tales of survival, but powerful narratives of empowerment and transformation. However, emphasizing the strength of black women should not lead us to negate their pain. Therefore, the first section of this paper will examine the oppression that has characterized the history of black women, a history that has too often been minimized and overlooked. It will be explained how, over centuries, black women have been marginalized due to both their skin color and their gender. Additionally, the use of stereotypes for the devaluation and dehumanization of black women will be discussed, and the significant and regrettably still contemporary issue of domestic violence in black households will be addressed. It will be noted that Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston and The Color Purple by Alice Walker are two examples of a representation and denunciation of this violence. Furthermore, it will be emphasized that, as works of denunciation, these novels have faced significant criticism, particularly from the black community. In the second chapter, the extraordinary ways in which these women have responded to and fought against their mistreatment throughout history will be explored. The chapter will detail how black women have battled for their rights and dignity during the Middle Passage, the era of slavery, the Civil War, the Reconstruction era, and the Jim Crow period. This examination will delve into the various strategies and forms of resistance that black women have employed to assert their humanity and challenge the oppressive systems that sought to dehumanize them. The third and fourth chapters will respectively delve into the analysis of the novels Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston and The Color Purple by Alice Walker. These novels were selected for their powerful depiction of the violence endured by black women, as well as their remarkable resilience and courage in the face of oppression. Both authors have endeavored, through their work, to portray the lives of black women in the early and mid-20th century in the southern United States. They have managed to reflect the socio-cultural and historical realities of their time and offer a profound exploration of the intersection of race, gender, and social class. What is more, both Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker have finally given voice to black women, challenging the dominant narratives that have historically marginalized and silenced their voices.The aim of this thesis is to defend the view that a woman can be both a victim and a fighter. Janie, Zora Neale Hurston’s heroine, and Celie, the protagonist of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple, are perfect examples of this ambivalence. Nobody can deny that they are victims, indeed, as young black women, they suffered violence and injustices, but this is not what defines them. They refuse to identify only as victims because they encompass far more than that. They fight for the right to self-definition, for the right to be truly seen, not merely as survivors but as resilient women who improved their lives, who fell and rose again, who embraced their vulnerabilities and drew strength from one another to overcome an enemy that seemed unbeatable. Janie and Celie are not flawless; they do not always have the strength to confront and overcome their oppression. They make mistakes, experience highs and lows, and possess both strengths and weaknesses. Yet, it is precisely these qualities that make them profoundly human and beautiful. Their imperfections and vulnerabilities highlight their humanity, making their stories and struggles deeply relatable and impactful. Let this thesis be a celebration of the strength of black women and their resilience in the face of the myriad adversities they have endured. From the horrors of slavery to ongoing systemic injustices, black women have demonstrated remarkable courage and fortitude. Their stories are not just tales of survival, but powerful narratives of empowerment and transformation. However, emphasizing the strength of black women should not lead us to negate their pain. Therefore, the first section of this paper will examine the oppression that has characterized the history of black women, a history that has too often been minimized and overlooked. It will be explained how, over centuries, black women have been marginalized due to both their skin color and their gender. Additionally, the use of stereotypes for the devaluation and dehumanization of black women will be discussed, and the significant and regrettably still contemporary issue of domestic violence in black households will be addressed. It will be noted that Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston and The Color Purple by Alice Walker are two examples of a representation and denunciation of this violence. Furthermore, it will be emphasized that, as works of denunciation, these novels have faced significant criticism, particularly from the black community. In the second chapter, the extraordinary ways in which these women have responded to and fought against their mistreatment throughout history will be explored. The chapter will detail how black women have battled for their rights and dignity during the Middle Passage, the era of slavery, the Civil War, the Reconstruction era, and the Jim Crow period. This examination will delve into the various strategies and forms of resistance that black women have employed to assert their humanity and challenge the oppressive systems that sought to dehumanize them. The third and fourth chapters will respectively delve into the analysis of the novels Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston and The Color Purple by Alice Walker. These novels were selected for their powerful depiction of the violence endured by black women, as well as their remarkable resilience and courage in the face of oppression. Both authors have endeavored, through their work, to portray the lives of black women in the early and mid-20th century in the southern United States. They have managed to reflect the socio-cultural and historical realities of their time and offer a profound exploration of the intersection of race, gender, and social class. What is more, both Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker have finally given voice to black women, challenging the dominant narratives that have historically marginalized and silenced their voices
Il metodo creativo,stimolativo e riabilitativo della comunicazione orale e scritta con le strutture musicali di Zora Drežančić
No full textL’articolo è incentrato sul Metodo creativo, stimolativo e riabilitativo della comunicazione orale e scritta con le strutture musicali di Zora Drežančić, una pedagogia radicalmente innovativa rispetto alle proposte precedentemente indirizzate alla riabilitazione dei bambini con disabilità uditiva.
Il lavoro comprende una breve enunciazione dei principi teorici alla base del metodo; la storia del metodo; una breve descrizione dei programmi e alcune osservazioni conclusive
ALICE WALKER E ZORA NEALE HURSTON: RESGATE E CIRCULAÇÃO DE ESCRITOS INVISIBILIZADOS
No full textO presente artigo busca refletir como Alice Walker, escritora afro-americana, em uma pesquisa que envolveu solidariedade feminina e racial, reflexos da sua teoria womanista, resgatou as obras de Zora Neale Hurston, escritora do período conhecido como Harlem Ranassaince, mas que teve sua produção invisibilizada pelas estruturas sexistas. Busca pensar sobre os modos de circulação da escrita feminina negra, bem como a forma que o resgate das obras de Hurston colaborou para a sistematização dos estudos sobre mulheres negras nos Estados Unidos. Desse modo, promove pensares sobre caminhos para a sistematização da literatura feminina negra no Brasil e de uma epistemologia feita por e para mulheres negras
À procura de Zora Neale Hurston
No full textEm 16 de janeiro de 1959, Zora Neale Hurston, sofrendo os efeitos de um acidente vascular cerebral e escrevendo dolorosamente à mão, compôs uma carta para o “departamento editorial” de Harper e Brothers indagando se eles estariam interessados em ver “o livro que estou trabalhando no presente - uma vida de Herodes o Grande.” Um ano e doze dias depois, Zora Neale Hurston morreu sem fundos para prover seu enterro, uma moradora do condado de St. Lucie, Flórida, Welfare Home.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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