15 research outputs found
TERJEMAHAN AL-HURÛF AL-MUQATHTHA‘AH VERSI INKAR AL-SUNNAH: Telaah Kritis Al-Qur`an dan Terjemah Versi Tadabbur
No full textAbstrak: Penelitian ini mengkritisi al-Hurûf al-Muqaththa‘ah dalam buku al-Qur’an dan Terjemah Versi Tadabbur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian semantik kualitatif berbasis kepustakaan, dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Minardi Mursyid menggunakan tiga pendekatan dalam menerjemahkan al-Hurûf al-Muqaththa‘ah. Pertama, pendekatan fonetik Arab berupa bunyi dasar suara yang terdapat pada al-Hurûf al-Muqaththa‘ah. Kedua, pendekatan tematik dengan cara mengumpulan ayat-ayat lain yang ada kaitannya dengan al-Hurûf al-Muqaththa‘ah yang diterjemahkan. Ketiga, pendekatan matematik dengan memakai rumusan angka 19 temuan Rasyâd Khalîfah. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa dari ketiga pendekatan tersebut terdapat deviasi kaidah penafsiran dan bahasa Arab. Abstract: Translation of al-Hurûf al-Muqaththa‘ah of Inkar al-Sunnah Version: a Critical Study of Minardi Mursyid’s al-Qur`an dan Terjemah Versi Tadabbur . This study aims to criticize translation of al-Huruf al-Muqathttha'ah in Al-Qur’an dan Terjemah Versi Tadabbur. This research is text-based using semantic qualitative approach. This study reveals that Minardi Mursyid used three approaches in translating al-Huruf al-Muqaththa‘ah. The first approach was Arabic phonetic considering through basic sounds of al-Huruf al-Muqaththa‘ah. The second approach was thematic by collecting other verses related to the translation of al-Huruf al-Muqaththa‘ah. The third approach was mathematic using phenomenon of number 19 found by Rasyad Khalifah. The author affirms that the three above mentioned approaches had deviated from the principles of Quran exegeses and Arabic language. Kata Kunci: Minardi, Inkar al-Sunah, al-Qur’an, al-Hurûf al-Muqaththa‘a
Прогнозування аномалій мережевого трафіку
No full textThe increasing volume of traffic, growing number of connections in telecommunication networks, and rising number of mobile devices place significant demands on network providers. These challenges can lead to congestion, latency issues, and security vulnerabilities. However, they can be mitigated or even prevented by identifying network failures in advance. Anomaly detection plays a crucial role in proactively addressing these issues, enabling network operators to optimize network performance, enhance security, and improve the overall user experience.
In this paper, a method for predicting anomalies based on machine learning has been implemented. The LSTM-SMOTE model, which was trained and tested on the KDD-NLS dataset, was considered and the results of the forecasting model were analyzed. Developing the multi-classification model proved to be a challenging task, primarily due to the limited number of attack types. SMOTE is designed to address such difficulties. Imbalanced datasets present a major challenge in predictive modeling, especially when solving classification problems. The four main types of attacks include Denial of service (DoS) attacks, Probe attacks, Privilege attacks, and Access attacks. In this work, three neural network models were developed, including: binary classification, four-class classification, multi-class classification. It is observed that the prediction model retrained again showed the best results, then the model trained with new anomalous data. The LSTM-SMOTE multiclass model achieved the highest performance, with its predictive accuracy rising from 75 % to 99 % across iterations, underscoring its strong dependence on the quality and quantity of data. Practical application of the results obtained can be applied for optimizing network performanceЗростаючий обсяг трафіку, зростаюча кількість з’єднань у телекомунікаційних мережах і збільшення кількості мобільних пристроїв висувають значні вимоги до мережевих провайдерів. Ці виклики можуть призвести до перевантаження, проблем із затримкою та вразливості безпеки. Однак їх можна пом’якшити або навіть запобігти, заздалегідь визначивши збої мережі. Виявлення аномалій відіграє вирішальну роль у проактивному вирішенні цих проблем, дозволяючи мережевим операторам оптимізувати продуктивність мережі, підвищити безпеку та покращити загальну взаємодію з користувачем.
У цій статті реалізовано метод прогнозування аномалій на основі машинного навчання. Було розглянуто модель LSTM-SMOTE, яка була навчена та протестована на наборі даних KDD-NLS, і проаналізовано результати моделі прогнозування. Розробка мультикласифікаційної моделі виявилася складним завданням, насамперед через обмежену кількість типів атак. SMOTE розроблено для вирішення таких труднощів. Незбалансовані набори даних є серйозною проблемою в прогнозному моделюванні, особливо під час вирішення проблем класифікації. Чотири основні типи атак включають атаки на відмову в обслуговуванні (DoS), атаки на зондування, атаки на привілеї та атаки на доступ. У цій роботі було розроблено три моделі нейронних мереж, у тому числі: бінарну класифікацію, чотирикласову класифікацію, багатокласову класифікацію. Помічено, що знову навчена модель прогнозування показала найкращі результати ніж навчена модель з новими аномальними даними. Багатокласова модель LSTM-SMOTE досягла найвищої продуктивності, її точність прогнозування зросла з 75 % до 99 % через ітерації, що підкреслює її сильну залежність від якості та кількості даних. Практичне застосування отриманих результатів може бути застосоване для оптимізації продуктивності мереж
TERJEMAHAN AL-HURÛF AL-MUQATHTHA‘AH VERSI INKAR AL-SUNNAH: Telaah Kritis Al-Qur`an dan Terjemah Versi Tadabbur
No full text<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>:<em> </em> Penelitian ini mengkritisi <em>al-Hurûf al-Muqaththa‘ah </em>dalam buku<em> al-Qur’an dan Terjemah Versi Tadabbur</em>. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian semantik kualitatif berbasis kepustakaan, dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan <em>content</em> <em>analysis</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Minardi Mursyid menggunakan tiga pendekatan dalam menerjemahkan <em>al-<span style="text-decoration: underline;">H</span>urûf al-Muqaththa‘ah</em>. <em>Pertama</em>, pendekatan fonetik Arab berupa bunyi dasar suara yang terdapat pada <em>al-<span style="text-decoration: underline;">H</span>urûf al-Muqaththa‘ah</em>. <em>Kedua</em>, pendekatan tematik dengan cara mengumpulan ayat-ayat lain yang ada kaitannya dengan <em>al-<span style="text-decoration: underline;">H</span>urûf al-Muqaththa‘ah</em> yang diterjemahkan. <em>Ketiga</em>, pendekatan matematik dengan memakai rumusan angka 19 temuan Rasyâd Khalîfah. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa dari ketiga pendekatan tersebut terdapat deviasi kaidah penafsiran dan bahasa Arab.</p><p><br /> <strong>Abstract</strong>: <strong>Translation of <em>al-<span style="text-decoration: underline;">H</span>urûf al-Muqaththa‘ah</em> of <em>Inkar al-Sunnah</em> Version: a Critical Study of Minardi Mursyid’s <em>al-Qur`an dan Terjemah Versi Tadabbur</em></strong> . This study aims to criticize translation of <em>al-Huruf al-Muqathttha'ah</em> in <em>Al-Qur’an dan Terjemah Versi Tadabbur</em>. This research is text-based using semantic qualitative approach. This study reveals that Minardi Mursyid used three approaches in translating <em>al-<span style="text-decoration: underline;">H</span>uruf al-Muqaththa</em><em>‘</em><em>ah</em>. The first approach was Arabic phonetic considering through basic sounds of <em>al-<span style="text-decoration: underline;">H</span>uruf al-Muqaththa</em><em>‘</em><em>ah</em>. The second approach was thematic by collecting other verses related to the translation of <em>al-<span style="text-decoration: underline;">H</span>uruf al-Muqaththa</em><em>‘</em><em>ah</em>. The third approach was mathematic using phenomenon of number 19 found by Rasyad Khalifah. The author affirms that the three above mentioned approaches had deviated from the principles of Quran exegeses and Arabic language.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: Minardi, <em>Inkar al-Sunah</em>, al-Qur’an, <em>al-<span style="text-decoration: underline;">H</span>urûf al-Muqaththa‘ah</em></p></jats:p
Derivation of robust predictor variables for modelling urban shrinkage and its effects at different scales
No full textCurrently, we observe diverging processes of growth and shrinkage in European Cities. Whereas in the 80ies and 90ies partially accelerated through the crash of the socialist system mostly urban growth and suburban development occurred in European Cities, today we find a general decline of population as well as an increase of aged people (as results of the demographic change in Europe and worldwide, Cloet 2003, Lutz 2001). These processes influence land use pattern (state of the environment) and land use changes in urban areas enormously. Land use pattern reflect the current socio-economic development of an urban area and give an idea of how the urban ecosystem is influenced by man. In doing so, for instance, surface sealing reduces the filtering and remediation capacity of soils and the water retention in general as well as minimises habitat quality for wetland species. At the same time, the ecosystem(s) provide so-called ecosystem services, benefits people obtain from ecosystems: water availability, drinking water, remediation and filtering of waste, places to settle, recreation facilities in nature and others. Their quantification enables to bring the change (availability/loss) of ecosystem services into relation with effective costs (economic sphere, Farber 2002, De Groot et al. 2002). The above mentioned population decline and related shrinkage processes will have enormous consequences on the demand and availability of ecosystem services needed to sustain a high and even increasing status of quality of life for European citizens in the next future. Therefore, the predictor variables describing on the one hand shrinkage-related land use changes and on the other its effects are most important but at the same time it is still a challenge; to extract such predictor variables from a huge catalogue of urban socio-economic and environmental indicators elaborated by many studies for different landscape types and scales; to derive relevant digital and spatially explicit data as model input to calculate the effects of land use (change) and; to validate the model results at the city and the quarter level (scale) as well as to prove the response of the (gained/released) ecosystem service (environmental quality) at the city and at quarter level (closing the circle). Here, the author will give some expressive examples showing the derivation of predictor variables for modelling peri-urban growth and inner city shrinkage as well as its effects on water balance, habitat quality (urban green network) and recreational space. Of major interest is the approach of how to tackle the problem of urban shrinkage in spatially explicit land use (change) modelling (Haase et al. 2004).
KRITIK TERHADAP REKONSTRUKSI METODE PEMAHAMAN HADIS MUHAMMAD AL-GHAZALI
No full textAbstract: Muhammad al-Ghazali is a controversial figure. Some give a positive appreciation to the method of hadith understanding he offered and regarded as a solutive method at the present day. But, other accused him as inkar al-sunnah and regarded his method was inapplicable. According to the author, some ideas of the reconstruction on the method of hadith understanding of Muhammad al-Ghazali still use a positivist paradigm that focuses on objectivity, while there are no objects without a subject. Therefore, in this paper, the author emphasizes the discussion on two points; first, criticizing the application of the method of hadith understanding of Muhammad al-Ghazali; and second, offering the new method of reconstruction using descriptive analysis and explanation method. The author examines the book of Muhammad al-Ghazali and other books that are the result of criticism of the researchers about him. The result, studying and understanding the hadiths requires a set of batiniyah in the form of consciousness and sincere intention, studying the authenticity of the hadith, structural and pragmatic analysis, and the reviewer must verify the results of intellectual activity comprehensively.
Abstrak: Muhammad al-Ghazali merupakan tokoh kontroversial. Ada yang memberikan apresiasi positif atas metode pemahaman hadis yang ditawarkannya yang dianggap solutif pada saat sekarang. Namun ada juga yang menuduhnya sebagai inkar al-sunnah dan menilai metode yang ditawarkannya belum aplikatif. Menurut penulis, beberapa tawaran rekonstruksi terhadap metode pemahaman hadis Muhammad al-Ghazali masih menggunakan paradigma positivisme yang menitikberatkan pada objektivitas, padahal tidak ada objek tanpa subjek. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis menekankan dua pembahasan, yakni: mengkritik aplikasi metode pemahaman hadis Muhammad al-Ghazali; dan menawarkan bentuk rekonstruksi metode yang baru dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan penjelasan. Penulis mengkaji buku karya Muhammad al-Ghazali dan buku-buku lain yang merupakan hasil kritikan para peneliti terhadapnya. Hasilnya, di dalam mengkaji dan memahami hadis diperlukan seperangkat batiniyah berupa kesadaran dan niat yang ikhlas, mengkaji otentisitas hadis, analisis struktural dan pragmatik, dan pengkaji melakukan verifikasi terhadap hasil aktifitas intelektual (pemahaman) secara komprehensif
Trends in the Study of Gender Issues in Central Asian Countries: A Comparative Bibliometric Analysis Using the Scopus Database
No full textRecently, noteworthy progress has been made in the transition to gender equality, and the actions of several governments worldwide have been described as steps towards finding positive solutions to this issue. Ensuring gender equality is crucial in achieving sustainable development and effective economic growth at both the national and regional levels. Various articles on gender studies in the Central Asian (CA) region were retrieved using Scopus, one of the most popular databases. VOSviewer Version 1.6.20 was employed to analyse different metrics such as co-citation networks, co-occurrences, and author keywords. A total of 132 articles were extracted from the Scopus database and analysed through five bibliometric analysis units: evolution of scientific production, analysis of authors, analysis of sources/journals, analysis of countries and institutions, and analysis of author keywords. The main findings of this study can be summarised in the following three key points: (i) The scientific output of articles addressing gender issues in the societies of CA countries remains insufficient, and the commitment to achieving gender equality does not align with international and regional interests; (ii) Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan are recognised as countries that devote considerable attention to scientific research related to gender in the CA region. In contrast, Turkmenistan is identified as a country that does not engage in gender research at the international level, primarily due to a lack of materials in the Scopus database; (iii) Overall, it can be concluded that the implementation of gender equality in the Central Asian region still lacks substantial support from the state, as research related to gender issues in this area has predominantly been conducted and supported by democratic and well-developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany
Der Zusammenhang der regionalen sozioökonomischen Deprivation mit dem Stadium bei Krebsdiagnose auf Landkreisebene in Deutschland
No full textUm näher beschreiben zu können, ob es Hinweise auf einen Zusammenhang der regionalen sozioökonomischen Deprivation mit Verzögerungen bei der Früherkennung gibt, soll in einer Sekundärdatenanalyse der Zusammenhang der sozioökonomischen Deprivation mit dem Stadium bei Diagnose von Krebserkrankungen unter Berücksichtigung regionaler Confounder auf Ebene der Landkreise untersucht werden.
Es soll die Frage beantwortet werden:
"Ist die sozioökonomische Deprivation auf der Ebene von Landkreisen mit dem Stadium bei Diagnose assoziiert?"
Das geplante Studiendesign ist eine ökologische Studie. Es sollen alle Fälle mit primären bösartigen Neubildungen an genau bezeichneten Lokalisationen (ICD-10, Kapitel C00-C75) eingeschlossen werden, für die eine Definition des kondensierten Stadiums nach Empfehlung des European Network of Cancer Registries (ENCR) vorhanden ist (Berrino et al. 2002). Nicht-melanotischer Hautkrebs (C44) und Tumoren des Auges und des ZNS (C69-72) werden ausgeschlossen, da für diese Typen keine Definition des kondensierten Stadium vorliegt. Diese Lokalisationen sollen für den Zeitraum 2010-2014 und für alle Altersgruppen ab 18 Jahren eingeschlossen werden.
Die Exposition wird anhand des German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD) des Jahres 2012 operationalisiert. Mögliche Confounder auf Kreisebene werden von der INKAR Datenbank abgerufen. Alle Regionaldaten sollen über den Kreisschlüssel verlinkt werden. Das Outcome, Stadium bei Diagnose, wird für jeden Tumortyp nach der Empfehlung des European Network of Cancer Registries in ein kondensiertes, binäres Stadium (lokal/fortgeschritten) umgewandelt.
Als statistische Analysemethode ist eine multivariable logistische Mehrebenen-Regressionsanalyse geplant. Fehlende Werte werden durch multiple Imputation adressiert
İnkar karanlığında eve dönüşün yolları: Zaven Biberyan üzerine monografik bir çalışma
No full textLisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Kültürel Çalışmalar Bilim DalıBu tez, uzun süre görmezden gelinen, Türkiye'nin en güçlü kalemlerinden biri olan Ermeni yazar Zaven Biberyan'ın edebiyatı üzerine monografik bir çalışma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Yazarın eserleri, hem kişisel hayatı hem de Türkiye'deki Ermenilerin kolektif belleğiyle birlikte okunup mercek altına alınmaktadır. Kolektif travmalarının bireylerde ne gibi tahribat bıraktığına odaklanılırken, bir yandan da bu travmaların romanlarda nasıl temsil edildiği incelenmektedir. Çalışma üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Üç bölümde de yazarın romanları (Yalnızlar, Meteliksiz Aşıklar ve Karıncaların Günbatımı) ve hayatı, farklı açılardan mercek altına alınmaktadır. İlk bölümde Biberyan'ın otobiyografisi temel alınarak bir biyografisi çıkarılacak, yazarın hayatı ve ülkenin tarihi birlikte ele alınacak ve de yazarın romanları ve karakteriyle kendi hayatı arasındaki paralellikler ortaya konulacaktır. İkinci bölümde, romanlardaki mekanlara odaklanılacak, bu romanlarda İstanbul şehrinin ve karakterlerin yaşadıkları evlerin nasıl temsil edildiğine, karakterlerin bu mekanlarla nasıl ilişkiler kurduklarına bakılacaktır. Son bölümdeyse yazarın romanlarında ortak olan dört ana duygudan tiksinti, nefret, endişe ve korku, felsefi ve sosyolojik temelde incelenecek, bu duyguların karakterlerde nasıl tezahür ettiğine odaklanılacaktır.This thesis is designed as a monographic study on the literature of Armenian writer Zaven Biberyan, one of Turkey's greatest writers, yet he is neglected for a very long time. The literary output of the writer is read and examined in the light of both his personal life and the collective memory of Armenians in Turkey. While focusing on what kind of damage the collective traumas leave on individuals, it is also examined how these traumas are represented in the novels. The study consists of three main parts. In all three chapters, the author's novels (The Lonely Ones, Penniless Lovers and Sunset of the Ants) and life are examined from different perspectives. In the first chapter, a detailed biography of Biberyan is presented based on his autobiography (Dawn of the Prisoners), the life of the author and the history of the country will be discussed together, and the parallels between the novel characters and the author's own life will be revealed. The second part is focused on the places in the novels, it is analyzed how the city of Istanbul and the houses where the characters live in are represented and how the characters establish relations with these places. In the last chapter, four main emotions common in Biberyan's novels, namely repulsion, hatred, anxiety and fear, will be examined on a philosophical and sociological basis, and how these emotions manifest in the characters will be discussed
Muhammed El-Kürdî'nin Hâşıye Alâ İmtihâni’l-Ezkiyâ’ isimli eserinin tahkik ve değerlendirmesi
No full textMuhammed El-Kürdî'nin Hâşıye Alâ İmtihâni’l-Ezkiyâ isimli eseri Arap dili grameri bakımından büyük ehemmiyete haizdir. Çünkü Hâşiye’nin sahibi İmam Kürdi ve (İmtihânü’l-Ezkiyâ’) metninin müellifi İmam Birgivi'nin Arap gramer literatürüne katkı ve tesirleri inkar edilemez. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu el yazması halindeki eser tahkik edlecek ve esere dair bir inceleme sunulacaktır. Çalışmamızda ilk olarak eserin iki nüshası arasında karşılaştırma yaptık:
1. Marmara Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi nüshası, eksiksiz tam bir nüsha olup, el yazmaları bölümünde (675) demirbaş numarasıyla kayıtlıdır.
2. Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi nüshası da eksiksiz tam bir nüsha olup, Giresun bölümünde (157) demirbaş numarasıyla kayıtlıdır.
Sonrasında, araştırmamızı bir giriş ve dört bölüm olarak ayırdık ve şu şekilde yapılandırdık:
1. Giriş: Araştırmanın konusu, yöntemi, özeti, önsöz, rumuz ve kısaltmalar.
2. Birinci Bölüm: Şerh konusu olan İmam Muhammed Kürdi'nin biyografisi.
3. İkinci Bölüm: Kitabın tanıtımını (ismi, muhtevası, yazılış nedeni, nüshalar arasındaki farklar ve şerhteki üslubu).
4. Üçüncü Bölüm: Tahkikte uyguladığımız yöntem.
5. Dördüncü Bölüm: Haşiye metninin tahkiki, âyet-i kerimelerin ve hadis-i şeriflerin tahrici, şiirlerin atıfları, öncü şahsiyetlerin biyografileri, nüshalar arasındaki farkların karşılaştırılması, aralarındaki farkların zikredilmesi, ek notların dipnotlara taşınması ve müellif haşiyesi ile muhakkık haşiyesinin farklılıklarını belirtmek için (minhu) tabirinin kullanımı.This manuscript, "Hashiyat al-Kürdî on Imtihan Al-Azkia", holds significant importance due to the esteemed status of both Imam al-Kürdi, author of the commentary, and Imam Al-Barkiwi, author of the original text "Imtihan Al-Azkia," in the Arabic library. In this abstract, we will provide a brief overview of this work, which we approached as follows:
Initially, we encountered two manuscripts:
1. A complete manuscript from Marmara University, registered as number 675 in the Manuscripts Department.
2. Another complete manuscript from the Sulaymaniyah Library, registered as number 157 in the Giresun section.
Subsequently, our research was structured into an introduction and four chapters as follows:
1. Introduction: Includes subject, method and a summary of the research, introduction, symbols, and abbreviations.
2. Chapter One: Containing a biography of Imam Muhammad al-Kürdi, the author of the commentary, which is the subject of the study.
3. Chapter Two: Provides an introduction to the book its title, content, purpose of writing, and differences between the manuscripts, along with the style of the commentary.
4. Chapter Three: Presenting our research methodology.
5. Chapter Four: It includes the text of the commentary with scholarly verification and citation of Quranic verses and Prophetic traditions, attribution of poetic verses, biographical sketches, comparison of versions, noting differences, in addition to validating marginal notes by relocating them to footnotes, with the mention of the word "from him" to distinguish between the author's commentary and the editor's commentary
Perjanjian murabahah pada bank muamalat Indonesia
No full textStarting from the anxiety of bank interest, and the desire of MUI figures to establish syar'i bank then in 1991 was born deed of establishment of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Banks are still relatively new is able to show its existence by presenting some products that if able to benefit the community, one of which is murabaha. Murabahah is a sale and purchase by stating the cost of goods sold and the margin obtained by the seller with the agreement of both parties. Murabahah can also be borrowed-borrowed because to get the desired goods, the customer is assisted by the Bank to buy it, then the customer pays to the Bank. To the authors feel the need to present the problem Is the implementation of the murabahah agreement at Bank Muamalah Indonesia Madiun branch is in accordance with the principles of Shariah? And how the settlement of murabaha agreement in Bank Mualamat Indonesia branch of Madiun in case of default? Library research methods that include discussion of legal principles, legal system, and rules of law and field research as a complement and complement existing facts, the author tries to answer the problem. In terms of the agreement, murabaha is in accordance with the provisions of the agreement as stipulated in the Civil Code which requires the existence of agreements, skills, certain matters, and a halal cause. In addition, murabahah agreements also require guarantees and advances, Customers make inkar promise. So from here it can be concluded that it though seems to violate the principles of shari'ah but ternayta still acceptable and relefan with the basic principles of Muamalah. If there is a wanprestasi customer then Bank Muamalat Indonesia branch of Madiun will do: warning letter three times accompanied by a fine if still not succeed then the bank will advise the customer to sell the goods and pay off the shortfall to the Bank, if still not successful then the bank ask for help To the arbitration body to mediate the matter
