51,926 research outputs found
Calabi–Yau threefolds and moduli of abelian surfaces I
Full text linkWe describe birational models and decide the rationality/unirationality of moduli spaces d (and levd) of (1, d)-polarized Abelian surfaces (with canonical level structure, respectively) for small values of d. The projective lines identified in the rational/unirational moduli spaces correspond to pencils of Abelian surfaces traced on nodal threefolds living naturally in the corresponding ambient projective spaces, and whose small resolutions are new Calabi–Yau threefolds with Euler characteristic zero
Noncommutative resolutions of ADE fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds
Full text linkIn this paper we construct noncommutative resolutions of a certain class of Calabi-Yau threefolds studied by F. Cachazo, S. Katz and C. Vafa. The threefolds under consideration are fibered over a complex plane with the fibers being deformed Kleinian singularities. The construction is in terms of a noncommutative algebra introduced by V. Ginzburg, which we call the "N=1 ADE quiver algebra"
Does Growing Safflower before Barley Reduce Barley Yields under Mediterranean Conditions?
No full textSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) which has deep roots can be grown as an economical oil crop in semiarid rain-fed areas of West Asia and North Africa where barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) monoculture is a common practice. In this study we sought to: (i) evaluate the effect of safflower on the yield of the following barley crop and (ii) compare such effect with other crops to determine the potential of rotating safflower with barley. Two series of experiments were conducted under rain-fed conditions in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley (2002-2003 to 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 to 2010-2011). In Series 1 there were 12 2-yr rotation systems whereas in Series 2 3 rotation systems were studied. Results from the two and three rotation cycles were reported from the first and second series of experiments respectively. Rotation effects were significant (P ≤ 0.05) for barley grain yield straw yield and harvest index but rotation × year interaction was not significant. In Series 1 barley after safflower gave the highest harvest index (0.40 kg kg-1) and mean grain yield (1400 kg ha-1) that is 28 to 72percent higher grain yield than after the other crops except after cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) for grazing. In Series 2 grain yield and harvest index of barley aft er safflower (4090 kg ha-1 0.36 kg kg-1) were higher than that after barley (3010 kg ha-1 0.32 kg kg-1). Thus growing safflower before barley increased rather than decreased barley yields and was comparable to or better than after some legumes. Barley-safflower therefore appears to be a viable rotation in semiarid rain-fed Mediterranean areas. © 2012 by the American Society of Agronomy.Aase JK, 2000, AGR WATER MANAGE, V43, P345, DOI 10.1016-S0378-3774(99)00062-1; Baltensperger D. D., 2002, Trends in new crops and new uses. Proceedings of the Fifth National Symposium, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 10-13 November, 2001, P183; Chalk PM, 1998, AUST J AGR RES, V49, P303, DOI 10.1071-A97013; Cook RJ, 2002, CAN J PLANT PATHOL, V24, P349; EHLERS W, 1983, SOIL TILL RES, V3, P261, DOI 10.1016-0167-1987(83)90027-2; FAO, 1998, CROP EV GUID COMP CR, V56; Genstat 5 Committee, 1993, GENST 5 REF MAN; Hamadeh SK, 1996, SMALL RUMINANT RES, V21, P173, DOI 10.1016-0921-4488(95)00831-4; Jones MJ, 2000, J AGR SCI, V135, P237, DOI 10.1017-S0021859699008199; Jones MJ, 2000, J AGR SCI, V135, P251, DOI 10.1017-S0021859699008187; Jones MJ, 1999, J AGRON CROP SCI, V182, P291, DOI 10.1046-j.1439-037x.1999.00297.x; Kirkegaard J, 2008, FIELD CROP RES, V107, P185, DOI 10.1016-j.fcr.2008.02.010; Krupinsky JM, 2004, AGRON J, V96, P259; Krupinsky JM, 2006, AGR SYST, V88, P227, DOI 10.1016-j.agsy.2005.03.011; McKenzie BM, 2009, FIELD CROP RES, V112, P165, DOI 10.1016-j.fcr.2009.02.012; Merrill SD, 2002, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V66, P913; Miller PR, 2002, CAN J PLANT SCI, V82, P307; Pala M., 1997, P 4 INT SAFFL C BAR, P86; Passioura JB, 2010, ADV AGRON, V106, P37, DOI 10.1016-S0065-2113(10)06002-5; Stevenson FC, 1996, CAN J PLANT SCI, V76, P735; Suleimenov M.K., 2004, AGR CENTRAL ASIA RES, P188; Tanaka DL, 2005, AGRON J, V97, P385; Tonks D., 2004, IMPACT ALTERNATIVE C; Yau SK, 2003, EUR J AGRON, V19, P599, DOI 10.1016-S1161-0301(03)00006-6; Yau SK, 2004, EXP AGR, V40, P453, DOI 10.1017-S0014479704002121; Yau S.K., 2004, CSSA SPEC PUBL, V32, P219; Yau SK, 2010, AGRON J, V102, P269, DOI 10.2134-agronj2009.0242; Yau S.K., 1999, SESAME SAFFLOWER NEW, V14, P970
Boron Toxicity Tolerance in Crops: A Viable Alternative to Soil Amelioration
No full textResearch on the problems of excessive soil B has increased considerably in the past two decades, especially in the dry areas of the world such as the Mediterranean region and parts of Australia. The objectives of this review are to promote awareness of the widespread occurrence and importance of B toxicity (BT) in dry areas, and to review the availability of BT-tolerant germplasm and progress in breeding cultivars with BT tolerance. The importance of BT was not adequately recognized until the 1980s, when scientists discovered that BT caused significant crop yield reductions in South Australia. We offer several reasons for this belated awareness before describing the areas reported to have high-B soils in the world and reviewing the occurrence of two contrasting types of BT symptoms. In the field, BT in crops usually is more prominent after drought, indicating that both BT and drought tolerance are needed in crops for dry areas having high levels of subsoil B. The interaction of BT with salinity and the levels of other nutrients such as Zn and N are also discussed. As it is neither practical nor easy to detoxify high-B soil by agronomic means in most circumstances, selecting or breeding crop cultivars with high BT tolerance is the only practical approach to increase yields on high-B soils. Extensive surveys of germplasm in different crops have been performed, and a list of some BT-tolerant lines or cultivars is presented. Finally, we review the progress in breeding for BT tolerance, which has been achieved with varying success in several common crops. We believe that the shift from soil intervention to plant adaptation to solve an intractable crop nutrition constraint represents a new paradigm in the agronomic sciences. © Crop Science Society of America. 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Microscopic Calabi-Yau Black Holes in String Theory
Full text linkIn this thesis we study microscopic aspects of Calabi-Yau black holes in string theory.
We compute the absorption cross-section of the space-time massless scalars by the world-volume
of D2-branes, wrapped on the S2 of an AdS_2 x S^2 x CY_3 geometry of a four-dimensional
D4-D0 Calabi-Yau black hole. The D2-brane can also have a generic D0
probe-brane charge. However, we restrict ourselves to D2-branes with small D0-charge
so that the perturbation theory is applicable. According to the proposed AdS_2/QM correspondence
the candidate for the dual theory is the quantum mechanics of a set of probe
D0-branes in the AdS2 geometry. For small but non-zero probe D0-charge we find the quantum
mechanical absorption cross-section seen by an asymptotic anti-de Sitter observer. We
repeat the calculations for vanishing probe D0-charge as well and discuss our result by
comparing with the classical absorption cross-section. In other project, for a given four-dimensional
Calabi-Yau black hole with generic D6-D4-D2-D0 charges we identify a set of
supersymmetric branes, which are static or stationary in the global coordinates, of the corresponding
eleven-dimensional near horizon geometry. The set of these BPS states, which
include the branes partially or fully wrap the horizon, should play a role in understanding
the partition function of black holes with D6-charge
Differential impacts of climate variability on yields of rainfed barley and legumes in semi-arid Mediterranean conditions
No full textClimate change has emerged as a major concern for crop production. This study used a field experiment to examine the differential yield responses of barley, lentil, common vetch, and bitter vetch to weather in the Mediterranean region. Crops were grown in a 10-year rotation trial in Lebanon. Precipitation and temperature were used as explanatory variables in simple linear correlation and standardized multiple-regression analyses. Grain yields were not correlated with annual precipitation. Barley grain yield was correlated positively with precipitation from March to May (r = 0.70) and the rainfall distribution index (r = 0.71), but negatively with mean May temperature (r = -0.62) and absolute minimum temperature in January (r = -0.91). Unlike barley, legume grain yield was not correlated with any rainfall parameters. Common vetch grain yield was negatively correlated with mean May temperature (r = -0.68). Grain yield of the two vetches were also correlated negatively with the absolute minimum temperature in January, but grain yield of lentil was not correlated with any weather variable. Standardized multiple-regression analyses showed that mean May temperature had the strongest influence on grain yield of barley, lentil, and common vetch, indicating that, under climate change, higher temperature may have a more deleterious effect on grain yield than lower rainfall. The negative correlation between common vetch and barley grain yields and temperature in May suggests that early sowing to induce earlier flowering and maturity to escape the hot summer may be an option to increase common vetch and barley grain yields. © 2013 Copyright © 2013 Taylor and Francis.Abd El Monein AM, 1988, J AGR SCI, V111, P295; Adcock D, 2007, AUST J EXP AGR, V47, P1245, DOI 10.1071-EA06250; BLUM A, 1990, AUST J AGR RES, V41, P799, DOI 10.1071-AR9900799; BRING J, 1994, AM STAT, V48, P209, DOI 10.2307-2684719; CECCARELLI S, 1991, EUPHYTICA, V56, P169, DOI 10.1007-BF00042061; CECCARELLI S, 1987, EUPHYTICA, V36, P389, DOI 10.1007-BF00041482; CECCARELLI S, 1994, EUPHYTICA, V77, P205, DOI 10.1007-BF02262633; Chalk PM, 1998, AUST J AGR RES, V49, P303, DOI 10.1071-A97013; Christiansen S, 2011, J AGRON CROP SCI, V197, P146, DOI 10.1111-j.1439-037X.2010.00447.x; Christiansen S, 2000, EXP AGR, V36, P181, DOI 10.1017-S0014479700002015; Christiansen S, 2000, EXP AGR, V36, P195, DOI 10.1017-S0014479700002064; DAY AD, 1975, AGRON J, V67, P430; ERSKINE W, 1993, J AGR SCI, V121, P347; Giorgi F, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, DOI 10.1029-2006GL025734; Giorgi F, 2008, GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE, V63, P90, DOI 10.1016-j.gloplacha.2007.09.005; GUY CL, 1994, PHYSIOLOGY AND DETERMINATION OF CROP YIELD, P417; HADJICHRISTODOULOU A, 1976, J AGR SCI, V87, P489; HADJICHRISTODOULOU A, 1977, EXP AGR, V13, P217, DOI 10.1017-S0014479700007936; HADJICHRISTODOULOU A, 1982, J AGR SCI, V99, P261; ICARDA, 1998, ANN REP 1997 ICARDA; Jones MJ, 2000, J AGR SCI, V135, P223, DOI 10.1017-S0021859699008205; Jones MJ, 1999, J AGRON CROP SCI, V182, P291, DOI 10.1046-j.1439-037x.1999.00297.x; Papastylianou I, 1995, GRASS FORAGE SCI, V50, P456, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2494.1995.tb02341.x; Papastylianou I., 1999, CHALLENGE PRODUCTION, P11; PASSIOURA JB, 1994, PHYSIOLOGY AND DETERMINATION OF CROP YIELD, P343; Passioura JB, 2010, ADV AGRON, V106, P37, DOI 10.1016-S0065-2113(10)06002-5; PAULSEN GM, 1994, PHYSIOLOGY AND DETERMINATION OF CROP YIELD, P365; Porter JR, 1999, EUR J AGRON, V10, P23, DOI 10.1016-S1161-0301(98)00047-1; PUCKRIDGE DW, 1983, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V9, P229, DOI 10.1016-0167-8809(83)90100-7; Rodriguez D, 2006, AUST J AGR RES, V57, P355, DOI 10.1071-AR04133; Ryan J, 1997, SOILS ICARDAS AGR EX; Ryan J, 2010, J AGR SCI, V148, P205, DOI 10.1017-S0021859609990566; Ryan J, 1998, SOIL TILL RES, V45, P407, DOI 10.1016-S0933-3630(97)00037-8; VANOOSTEROM EJ, 1993, J AGR SCI, V121, P307; WELTZIEN E, 1990, PLANT BREEDING, V104, P58, DOI 10.1111-j.1439-0523.1990.tb00403.x; Wheeler TR, 2000, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V82, P159, DOI 10.1016-S0167-8809(00)00224-3; Yau SK, 2001, COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN, V32, P379, DOI 10.1081-CSS-100103014; Yau SK, 2003, EUR J AGRON, V19, P599, DOI 10.1016-S1161-0301(03)00006-6; Yau SK, 2003, AGRON J, V95, P821; YAU S K, 1991, Journal of Genetics and Breeding, V45, P71; Yau SK, 2011, AGR WATER MANAGE, V98, P1776, DOI 10.1016-j.agwat.2011.07.0090
Vertical Accelerations of Simple Beams due to Successive Loads Traveling at Resonant Speeds
No full textAspects of D-brane inflation
Full text linkInflation has been suggested as a solution to cosmological problems but it ultimately needs to be derived from a fundamental theory such as string theory. In this thesis we study the embedding of inflation into string theory using the D-brane inflation scenario as case study. We first review the relevant aspects of string compactifications and D-branes and construct the effective action of the inflationary D3-brane. We then study multifield D-brane inflation including compactification corrections to the inflaton action that arise from UV deformations of a warped
throat geometry emerging from the ISD supergravity solution. One particular issue here is to investigate in detail the cosmological consequences of realistic angular
dependent potentials in the D-brane inflation scenario in a fully UV/IR consistent way. Embedding a warped throat into a compact Calabi-Yau space with all moduli stabilized breaks the no-scale structure and induces angular dependence in the potential of the probe D3-brane. We solve the D3-brane equations of motion from the DBI action in the warped deformed conifold including linearized as well as non-linear perturbations around the ISD supergravity solution. Our numerical solutions show that angular dependence is a next to leading order correction to the dominant radial motion of the brane, however, just as angular motion typically increases the amount of inflation (spinflation), having additional angular dependence from
linearized perturbations also increases the amount of inflation
Remarks on quiver gauge theories from open topological string theory
Full text linkWe study effective quiver gauge theories arising from a stack of D3-branes on certain Calabi-Yau singularities. Our point of view is a first principle approach via open topological string theory. This means that we construct the natural A-infinity-structure of open string amplitudes in the associated D-brane category. Then we show that it precisely reproduces the results of the method of brane tilings, without having to resort to any effective field theory computations. In particular, we prove a general and simple formula for effective superpotentials
Evidence for the decay B0→J/ψω and measurement of the relative branching fractions of meson decays to J/ψη and J/ψη′
Full text linkFirst evidence of the B 0 → J / ψ ω decay is found and the B s 0 → J / ψ η and B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ decays are studied using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. The branching fractions of these decays are measured relative to that of the B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0 decay:frac(B (B 0 → J / ψ ω), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 0.89 ± 0.19 (stat) - 0.13 + 0.07 (syst),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 14.0 ± 1.2 (stat) - 1.5 + 1.1 (syst) - 1.0 + 1.1 (frac(f d, f s)),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 12.7 ± 1.1 (stat) - 1.3 + 0.5 (syst) - 0.9 + 1.0 (frac(f d, f s)), where the last uncertainty is due to the knowledge of f d / f s, the ratio of b-quark hadronization factors that accounts for the different production rate of B 0 and B s 0 mesons. The ratio of the branching fractions of B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ and B s 0 → J / ψ η decays is measured to befrac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B s 0 → J / ψ η)) = 0.90 ± 0.09 (stat) - 0.02 + 0.06 (syst)
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