7,441 research outputs found
China's Equity Markets: Recent Reforms Encourage Domestic Investors
No full textOn 27 February 2007, Chinese equity markets fell almost 9%. Hours later other global markets plunged far and fast, including those in Europe and the U.S. Such a link between China’s equity markets and others was unprecedented. Analysis conducted in the aftermath confirmed that capital flows between China and other markets are highly controlled, and therefore were not the main cause of changing stock prices. Subsequent volatility in the Chinese markets has not spilled over to other markets. Nonetheless, global investors are now watching China’s markets closely.
The purpose of this article is to provide background on the development of the Chinese equity markets in order to underscore the point that the recent volatility of China’s stock values was a result of domestic capital and an array of domestic decisions.Originally published in:
“China’s Equity Markets: Recent Reforms Encourage Domestic Investors,” (with Yanping Shi), China Currents 6.2 (Spring 2007). www.chinacurrents.com.
Posted with the permission of the publisher.</p
Harmonizing Biodiesel Fuel Standards in East Asia: Current Status, Challenges and Way Forward
No full textAbstract: This paper discusses the development of and policy towards biodiesel fuel (BDF) in the East Asia Summit (EAS) Region (hereafter East Asia), with a focus on activities related to harmonizing BDF standards. It finds that the EAS countries have actively promoted the development of BDF for a variety of reasons. To minimize problems with engines arising from the use of BDF, most EAS countries have established their national BDF standards. However, these diverse standards cause barriers for BDF trade and act against the regional interest in maximizing benefits from BDF production and utilization. Therefore, the EAS policy makers decided to harmonize BDF standards, and a regional benchmark standard has been published. Through a comparative review of existing national standards against the benchmark, it finds that the harmonization is beneficial economically and environmentally, and is technically feasible but practically stalled due to the lack of political determination. Therefore, among a few policy implications, the key message to deliver is a call for political determination to implement the harmonization in the EAS region. Since harmonization of BDF standards has been tried in other regions, the findings of this paper may supplement the literature, enhance understanding of the EAS case, and provide lessons and implications that may be helpful in advancing similar harmonization elsewhere.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIAGAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUANMENGUASAI KALIMAT PREDIKAT KATA KERJA “SHI...DE” PADASISWA SMP
No full textAbstractGrammar is one of the main contents of language teaching. The same is true of chinese. One of the main words of chinese grammar is the verb predicate statement “ Shi…De”. The verb predicate statement “Shi…De” is a difficult problem in chinese grammar,especially junior high school students. Most students don’t know how to use verb to predicate statement “Shi…De” usage. In order to help students more easily grasp the verb predicate statement “Shi…De” usage,the author did experiment. First of all,the author of LKIA second-year students carried out a pre-test,and then the use of picture teaching aids for the three hours verb predicate statement “Shi…De” teaching. Through the post-test, the author found that the use of picture teaching helped students to improve their ability on the verb predicate statement “Shi…De”. Keywords: grammar, picture teaching aids, predicate statement “Shi…De
Cong qi shi guan nian kan liu chao wen lun de kai zhan.
No full text袁燕萍著.書名頁題: 從氣、勢觀念看六朝文論的 ...手稿本, 複本據手稿本影印.Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院中國語文學部.Shu ming ye ti: Cong qi shi guan nian kan liu chao wen lun de ...Shou gao ben, fu ben ju shou gao ben ying yin.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 1-39 (2nd group)).Yuan Yanping zhu.Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan Zhongguo yu wen xue bu.緒言 --- p.1-20Chapter （一） --- 研究緣起Chapter （二） --- 釋名並論研究之步驟和目的Chapter （三） --- 研究之方法及全文結構Chapter 第一章 --- 氣之才性義及才性觀念在六朝文論的開展 --- p.21-153Chapter 第一節 --- 從「氣之清濁有體，不可力強而致」釋「文氣說」Chapter 第二節 --- 以氣論文的特點Chapter 第三節 --- 文氣說產生的背景Chapter 第四節 --- 從《文心、體性》看文氣觀念的開展Chapter 第五節 --- 釋「天才論」´ؤ´ؤ先天稟賦與後天修養的關係Chapter 附（一） --- 論「齊氣」Chapter 附（二） --- 論「惜其體弱」Chapter 第二章 --- 氣之血氣義及血氣在創作過程中的作用 --- p.154/189Chapter 第一節 --- 問題之提出Chapter 第二節 --- 釋「神有遯心」義Chapter 第三節 --- 從志氣與神的關係有「志氣」一名的涵意Chapter 第四節 --- 血氣在創作過程中的作用Chapter 第三章 --- 釋《風骨》「氣」一詞之涵意 --- p.190/240Chapter 第一節 --- 釋《風骨》「氣」一詞之涵意Chapter 第二節 --- 從諸家對《風骨》「並重氣之旨」的詮釋論「氣」一詞之語意Chapter 第四章 --- 釋《定勢》「因情立體，即體成勢」義 --- p.241/308Chapter 第一節 --- 釋勢Chapter 第二節 --- 明體Chapter 第三節 --- 論情Chapter 第五章 --- 總論就六朝文論所見創作主體與文體要求兩者間之關係 --- p.316/318總結參考書目 --- p.1/3
Shi arrangements and low elements in affine Coxeter groups
No full textGiven an affine Coxeter group , the corresponding Shi arrangement is a refinement of the corresponding Coxeter hyperplane arrangements that was introduced by Shi to study Kazhdan-Lusztig cells for . In particular, Shi showed that each region of the Shi arrangement contains exactly one element of minimal length in . Low elements in were introduced to study the word problem of the corresponding Artin-Tits (braid) group and turns out to produce automata to study the combinatorics of reduced words in .
In this article, we show in the case of an affine Coxeter group that the set of minimal length elements of the regions in the Shi arrangement is precisely the set of low elements, settling a conjecture of Dyer and the second author in this case. As a byproduct of our proof, we show that the descent-walls -- the walls that separate a region from the fundamental alcove -- of any region in the Shi arrangement are precisely the descent walls of the alcove of its corresponding low element.v.2 30 pages, 6 figures; to appear in Journal of the CM
to Ethane through Stabilization of an Ethoxy Intermediate
No full textElectrochemical conversion of CO2 to ethane is seldom observed because of the generally higher selectivity towards methane, ethylene, and ethanol. Consequently, little experimental evidence for its reaction mechanism exists and thus remains largely unknown. Here, by combining electrochemistry with in-situ X-ray absorption fine structure and in-situ Raman techniques, we study iodide-derived copper (ID-Cu) and oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) systems to obtain a deeper understanding of the CO2 to ethane mechanism. With trace iodine species on the surface and positively charged Cu species, production of ethane is significantly more favored on ID-Cu compared to OD-Cu, with higher selectivity and faster kinetics. For the first time, it is experimentally found that the formation of ethane follows the same pathway to ethylene and ethanol, and better stabilization of the late stage ethoxy intermediate can steer the reaction to ethane over ethanol.Anthony Vasileff, Yanping Zhu, Xing Zhi, Yongqiang Zhao, Lei Ge ... Yao Zheng, Shi‐Zhang Qia
A Multivariate Surface-Based Analysis of the Putamen in Premature Newborns: Regional Differences within the Ventral Striatum
No full textMany children born preterm exhibit frontal executive dysfunction, behavioral problems including attentional deficit/hyperactivity disorder and attention related learning disabilities. Anomalies in regional specificity of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits may underlie deficits in these disorders. Nonspecific volumetric deficits of striatal structures have been documented in these subjects, but little is known about surface deformation in these structures. For the first time, here we found regional surface morphological differences in the preterm neonatal ventral striatum. We performed regional group comparisons of the surface anatomy of the striatum (putamen and globus pallidus) between 17 preterm and 19 term-born neonates at term-equivalent age. We reconstructed striatal surfaces from manually segmented brain magnetic resonance images and analyzed them using our in-house conformal mapping program. All surfaces were registered to a template with a new surface fluid registration method. Vertex-based statistical comparisons between the two groups were performed via four methods: univariate and multivariate tensor-based morphometry, the commonly used medial axis distance, and a combination of the last two statistics. We found statistically significant differences in regional morphology between the two groups that are consistent across statistics, but more extensive for multivariate measures. Differences were localized to the ventral aspect of the striatum. In particular, we found abnormalities in the preterm anterior/inferior putamen, which is interconnected with the medial orbital/prefrontal cortex and the midline thalamic nuclei including the medial dorsal nucleus and pulvinar. These findings support the hypothesis that the ventral striatum is vulnerable, within the cortico-stiato-thalamo-cortical neural circuitry, which may underlie the risk for long-term development of frontal executive dysfunction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and attention-related learning disabilities in preterm neonates. © 2013 Shi et al
The Shi arrangement and the Ish arrangement
No full textThis paper is about two arrangements of hyperplanes. The first — the Shi arrangement — was introduced by Jian-Yi Shi to describe the Kazhdan-Lusztig cells in the affine Weyl group of type A. The second — the Ish arrangement — was recently defined by the first author who used the two arrangements together to give a new interpretation of the q,t-Catalan numbers of Garsia and Haiman. In the present paper we will define a mysterious "combinatorial symmetry'' between the two arrangements and show that this symmetry preserves a great deal of information. For example, the Shi and Ish arrangements share the same characteristic polynomial, the same numbers of regions, bounded regions, dominant regions, regions with c "ceilings'' and d "degrees of freedom'', etc. Moreover, all of these results hold in the greater generality of "deleted'' Shi and Ish arrangements corresponding to an arbitrary subgraph of the complete graph. Our proofs are based on nice combinatorial labellings of Shi and Ish regions and a new set partition-valued statistic on these regions.Cet article traite de deux arrangements d'hyperplans. Le premier — arrangement Shi — a été introduit par Jian-Yi Shi pour décrire les cellules de Kazhdan-Lusztig du groupe de Weyl affine de type A. Le deuxième — arrangement Ish — a été récemment défini par le premier auteur pour donner une nouvelle interprétation des nombres q,t-Catalan de Garsia et Haiman. Ici nous définissons une mystérieuse "symétrie combinatoire" entre les deux arrangements et nous montrons que cette symétrie conserve un grand nombre d'informations. Par exemple, les arrangements Shi et Ish ont le même polynôme caractéristique, le même nombre de régions, de régions bornées, de régions dominantes, de régions avec c "plafonds'' et d "degrés de liberté'', etc. En outre, ces résultats se généralisent aux arrangements Shi et Ish "deleted'' correspondant à un sous-graphe arbitraire du graphe complet. Nos preuves reposent sur des étiquetages combinatoires des régions Shi et Ish, et sur une nouvelle statistique associée
The United States and Iraq\u27s Shi\u27ite Clergy: Partners or Adversaries?
No full textThe author addressed the critical need to gain the cooperation or at least the passive tolerance of the Shi\u27ite clerics and community. Such an effort could become more challenging as time goes on, and one of the recurring themes of this monograph is the declining patience of the Shi\u27ite clergy with the U.S. presence. By describing the attitudes, actions, and beliefs of major Shi\u27ite clerics, the author underscores a set of worldviews that are profoundly different from those of the U.S. authorities currently in Iraq and Washington. Some key Shi\u27ite clerics are deeply suspicious of the United States, exemplified by conspiracy theories. These suggest that Saddam\u27s ouster was merely a convenient excuse, allowing the United States to implement its own agenda. Other clerical leaders are more open-minded but not particularly grateful for the U.S. presence, despite their utter hatred for Saddam and his regime.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1776/thumbnail.jp
Simple-root bases for Shi arrangements
No full textIn his affirmative answer to the Edelman-Reiner conjecture, Yoshinaga proved that the logarithmic derivation modules of the cones of the extended Shi arrangements are free modules. However, we know very little about the bases themselves except their existence. In this article, we prove the unique existence of two distinguished bases which we call the simple-root basis plus (SRB+) and the simple-root basis minus (SRB-). They are characterized by nice divisibility properties relative to the simple roots
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